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Sample pilot plant of industrial metal-hydridecompressor
\ PERGAMON
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
Sample pilot plant of industrial metal!hydride compressor Yu[F[ Shmal|koa\ \ A[I[ Ivanovskya\ M[V[ Lototskya\ V[I[ Kolosova\ D[V[ Volosnikovb a
Institute of Mechanical En`ineerin` Problems of National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine\ 1:09 Pozharsky Str[\ Kharkov 209935\ Ukraine b Joint!Stock Company Lviv Chemical Plant\ Lviv 189969\ Ukraine
Abstract The developed and implemented pilot sample of a heat!driven hydrogen compressor for deep argon puri_cation at the association Lviv Chemical Plant "Lviv\ Ukraine# has been described[ Initial data for work implementation were the previously obtained R+D results on the investigations of thermo!sorption hydrogen interaction with metal hydrides\ as well as the author|s experience in the _eld of the development and implementation of metal!hydride compressing technique[ The compressor consists of dual!linked two!stage compressing cascades\ including generator!sorbers _lled with correspondingly {high| and {low!temperature| hydride!forming materials of intermetallide LaNi4 doped by di}erent quantities of manganese[ Additionally\ the compressor includes a gas!distributing line with locking and measuring elements\ as well as the air!cooling system and control unit[ Þ 0888 International Association for Hydrogen Energy[ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[
0[ Introduction Metal!hydride thermosorption compressors "TSC# are di}erent from conventional mechanical hydrogen com! pressors in that they have no moving parts working in the hydrogen environment[ Thus\ they have no moving seals[ This advantage is most useful for high pressure hydrogen force!pumping at 04[9 MPa and above[ Besides\ TSCs do not require lubrication and are charac! terised by dynamic steadiness and high purity of delivered hydrogen[ For a number of years our laboratory has been engaged in development and creation of metal!hydride engin! eering for hydrogen compression[ During ful_lment of these activities\ a series of metal!hydride TSCs were cre! ated which have found application in various research and production centres in the Ukraine and abroad ð0\ 1Ł[ However\ these were rather small\ laboratory scale systems with hydrogen productivity no more than 3=09−1 g:s "0[5 m2:h#[ During 0884Ð86 we developed\ created and _rst entered
Corresponding author
into operation a pilot sample of the KM!0409 industrial scale compressor intended for _lling of hydrogen with standard 39!l gas cylinders[ This work was carried out by the order of Joint!Stock Company Lviv Chemical Plant "Ukraine#\ for providing deep argon puri_cation by com! pressed hydrogen[ The main speci_cation of the customer were the fol! lowing] , hydrogen output*up to 09 m2:h^ , hydrogen supply operating mode*continuous^ , heat supply*electrical^ , cooling*forced air convection^ , suction pressure*from 9[2 MPa^ , discharge pressure*up to 04[9 MPa[ In this paper\ a brief description of the results of devel! opment\ creation and industrial tests of the pilot sample of the metal!hydride hydrogen compressor are presented[
1[ Compressor|s structure and operation The general views of metal!hydride hydrogen com! pressor KM!0409 are shown in Fig[ 0[
9259!2088:88:,19[99 Þ 0888 International Association for Hydrogen Energy[ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved PII] S 9 2 5 9 ! 2 0 8 8 " 8 7 # 9 9 0 9 8 ! 7
535
Yu[F[ Shmal|ko et al[ : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
Fig[ 0[ A general view of the compressor of KM!0409[
The compressor has overall dimensions of 1249×0049×0949 mm with a weight of 699 kg[ It con! sists of] , the frame containing two units of heat exchangers with fans\ support of the control block\ the thyristor unit^ , the set of generator!sorbers "59 items# built into the heat exchanger|s units^ , gas!distributing system^ , electric equipment and control system[
The functional scheme of the compressor is shown in Fig[ 1[ The compressor consists of two two!stage compressing modules "Im and IIm#[ The modules include compressing stages] the _rst stage of the _rst module "IsIm#\ second stage of the _rst module "IIsIm#\ _rst stage of the second module "IsIIm# and second stage of the second module "IIsIIm#[ Each stage represents the battery of _fteen gen! erator!sorbers "GS 0 [ [ [ 04# with built!in tubular heaters "TH# isolated from high pressure[ The compressor also
Yu[F[ Shmal|ko et al[ : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
536
Fig[ 1[ The functional scheme of the compressor KM!0409[
includes a gas!distributing line with branch pipes of suc! tion "H1 input# and forcing "H1 output#\ pressure gauges "are not indicated# and reverse valves "RV0 [ [ [ RV5#\ sys! tem of air cooling based on fans "FI\ FII#\ as well as the control block "CB#[ Structurally compressing modules are located in two heat exchangers[ The _rst heat exchanger "HE0# contains GSs of compressing stages IsIm and IIsIIm\ the second "HE1# contains GSs of stages IsIIm and IIsIm[ The gen! erator!sorbers of each heat exchanger are joined in a uni_ed package and are located horizontally[ Thus\ each module integrates its _rst and second stages on gas\ and each heat exchanger integrates the _rst and
the second stages of di}erent modules on the thermal e}ect[ The main functional elements of the compressor are the generator!sorbers "GS#\ each _lled by a hydride!forming material[ The generators!sorbers of the _rst stages "IsIm\ IsIIm# are _lled by a {high!temperature| hydride!forming intermetallide\ LaNi3\4Mn9\4[ The generators!sorbers of the second stages "IIsIm\ IIsIIm# are _lled by a {low! temperature| hydride!forming intermetallide\ LaNi4[ The operation of the compressor is implemented by periodic forced heating and cooling of GS heat exchangers[ The _rst and second stages of di}erent heat exchangers "or the same compressing modules# work in
537
Yu[F[ Shmal|ko et al[ : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
Fig[ 2[ The compressor|s operating cyclogramm[
opposite phases\ providing continuous hydrogen com! pression[ Alternating modes of hydrogen suction and forcing are accomplished by switching the power supply from electro!fans to THs\ with the help of control block "CB#[ The gas ~ows thus are switched automatically\ with the help of systems of reverse valves "RV0 [ [ [ RV5#[ In Fig[ 2\ the cyclogramm of the compressor _lling a standard industrial container "six parallel!joined gas cylinders with a capacity of 39 l each# is shown[ The vertical dashed lines in Fig[ 2 correspond to switching the heat exchangers| heating or cooling[ The speci_c out! put of force!pumped hydrogen is provided at a maximum consumed electrical power of 16 kW[
pilot plant cost of about 49Ð59\999 DM\ the metal! hydride compressor KM!0409 can pay back itself in pre! sent economic conditions of the Ukraine for an operation covering 4Ð5 months[ The reason for this is the large di}erence in the prices of low pressure hydrogen "approximately 1 DM for 0 m2# and hydrogen at a pres! sure 04[9 MPa\ which is compressed into standard gas cylinders "about 09 DM for 0 m2#[ The above!mentioned\ as well as the fact that this development was _nanced by an industrial _rm in con! ditions of deep economic crisis in the Ukraine\ testi_es to the high competitiveness of this class of metal!hydride based compressor systems[ References
2[ Conclusion The pilot sample of metal!hydride hydrogen com! pressor KM!0409 was transferred to the customer in May\ 0886\ and it is now successfully maintained at the industrial base of Lviv Chemical Plant[ According to our preliminary economic estimates\ at a
ð0Ł Solovey VV\ Ivanovsky AI\ Kolosov VI\ Shmal|ko Yu[F[ Series of metal hydride high pressure hydrogen compressors[ JALCOM 0884^120]892Ð5[ ð1Ł Ivanovsky AI\ Kolosov VI\ Lototsky MV\ Solovey VV\ Shmal|ko Yu[F\ Kennedy LA[ Metal hydride ther! mosorption compressors with improved characteristics[ Int[ J[ Hydrogen Energy 0885^10"00:01#]0942Ð44[
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
Sample pilot plant of industrial metal!hydride compressor Yu[F[ Shmal|koa\ \ A[I[ Ivanovskya\ M[V[ Lototskya\ V[I[ Kolosova\ D[V[ Volosnikovb a
Institute of Mechanical En`ineerin` Problems of National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine\ 1:09 Pozharsky Str[\ Kharkov 209935\ Ukraine b Joint!Stock Company Lviv Chemical Plant\ Lviv 189969\ Ukraine
Abstract The developed and implemented pilot sample of a heat!driven hydrogen compressor for deep argon puri_cation at the association Lviv Chemical Plant "Lviv\ Ukraine# has been described[ Initial data for work implementation were the previously obtained R+D results on the investigations of thermo!sorption hydrogen interaction with metal hydrides\ as well as the author|s experience in the _eld of the development and implementation of metal!hydride compressing technique[ The compressor consists of dual!linked two!stage compressing cascades\ including generator!sorbers _lled with correspondingly {high| and {low!temperature| hydride!forming materials of intermetallide LaNi4 doped by di}erent quantities of manganese[ Additionally\ the compressor includes a gas!distributing line with locking and measuring elements\ as well as the air!cooling system and control unit[ Þ 0888 International Association for Hydrogen Energy[ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[
0[ Introduction Metal!hydride thermosorption compressors "TSC# are di}erent from conventional mechanical hydrogen com! pressors in that they have no moving parts working in the hydrogen environment[ Thus\ they have no moving seals[ This advantage is most useful for high pressure hydrogen force!pumping at 04[9 MPa and above[ Besides\ TSCs do not require lubrication and are charac! terised by dynamic steadiness and high purity of delivered hydrogen[ For a number of years our laboratory has been engaged in development and creation of metal!hydride engin! eering for hydrogen compression[ During ful_lment of these activities\ a series of metal!hydride TSCs were cre! ated which have found application in various research and production centres in the Ukraine and abroad ð0\ 1Ł[ However\ these were rather small\ laboratory scale systems with hydrogen productivity no more than 3=09−1 g:s "0[5 m2:h#[ During 0884Ð86 we developed\ created and _rst entered
Corresponding author
into operation a pilot sample of the KM!0409 industrial scale compressor intended for _lling of hydrogen with standard 39!l gas cylinders[ This work was carried out by the order of Joint!Stock Company Lviv Chemical Plant "Ukraine#\ for providing deep argon puri_cation by com! pressed hydrogen[ The main speci_cation of the customer were the fol! lowing] , hydrogen output*up to 09 m2:h^ , hydrogen supply operating mode*continuous^ , heat supply*electrical^ , cooling*forced air convection^ , suction pressure*from 9[2 MPa^ , discharge pressure*up to 04[9 MPa[ In this paper\ a brief description of the results of devel! opment\ creation and industrial tests of the pilot sample of the metal!hydride hydrogen compressor are presented[
1[ Compressor|s structure and operation The general views of metal!hydride hydrogen com! pressor KM!0409 are shown in Fig[ 0[
9259!2088:88:,19[99 Þ 0888 International Association for Hydrogen Energy[ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved PII] S 9 2 5 9 ! 2 0 8 8 " 8 7 # 9 9 0 9 8 ! 7
535
Yu[F[ Shmal|ko et al[ : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
Fig[ 0[ A general view of the compressor of KM!0409[
The compressor has overall dimensions of 1249×0049×0949 mm with a weight of 699 kg[ It con! sists of] , the frame containing two units of heat exchangers with fans\ support of the control block\ the thyristor unit^ , the set of generator!sorbers "59 items# built into the heat exchanger|s units^ , gas!distributing system^ , electric equipment and control system[
The functional scheme of the compressor is shown in Fig[ 1[ The compressor consists of two two!stage compressing modules "Im and IIm#[ The modules include compressing stages] the _rst stage of the _rst module "IsIm#\ second stage of the _rst module "IIsIm#\ _rst stage of the second module "IsIIm# and second stage of the second module "IIsIIm#[ Each stage represents the battery of _fteen gen! erator!sorbers "GS 0 [ [ [ 04# with built!in tubular heaters "TH# isolated from high pressure[ The compressor also
Yu[F[ Shmal|ko et al[ : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
536
Fig[ 1[ The functional scheme of the compressor KM!0409[
includes a gas!distributing line with branch pipes of suc! tion "H1 input# and forcing "H1 output#\ pressure gauges "are not indicated# and reverse valves "RV0 [ [ [ RV5#\ sys! tem of air cooling based on fans "FI\ FII#\ as well as the control block "CB#[ Structurally compressing modules are located in two heat exchangers[ The _rst heat exchanger "HE0# contains GSs of compressing stages IsIm and IIsIIm\ the second "HE1# contains GSs of stages IsIIm and IIsIm[ The gen! erator!sorbers of each heat exchanger are joined in a uni_ed package and are located horizontally[ Thus\ each module integrates its _rst and second stages on gas\ and each heat exchanger integrates the _rst and
the second stages of di}erent modules on the thermal e}ect[ The main functional elements of the compressor are the generator!sorbers "GS#\ each _lled by a hydride!forming material[ The generators!sorbers of the _rst stages "IsIm\ IsIIm# are _lled by a {high!temperature| hydride!forming intermetallide\ LaNi3\4Mn9\4[ The generators!sorbers of the second stages "IIsIm\ IIsIIm# are _lled by a {low! temperature| hydride!forming intermetallide\ LaNi4[ The operation of the compressor is implemented by periodic forced heating and cooling of GS heat exchangers[ The _rst and second stages of di}erent heat exchangers "or the same compressing modules# work in
537
Yu[F[ Shmal|ko et al[ : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 "0888# 534Ð537
Fig[ 2[ The compressor|s operating cyclogramm[
opposite phases\ providing continuous hydrogen com! pression[ Alternating modes of hydrogen suction and forcing are accomplished by switching the power supply from electro!fans to THs\ with the help of control block "CB#[ The gas ~ows thus are switched automatically\ with the help of systems of reverse valves "RV0 [ [ [ RV5#[ In Fig[ 2\ the cyclogramm of the compressor _lling a standard industrial container "six parallel!joined gas cylinders with a capacity of 39 l each# is shown[ The vertical dashed lines in Fig[ 2 correspond to switching the heat exchangers| heating or cooling[ The speci_c out! put of force!pumped hydrogen is provided at a maximum consumed electrical power of 16 kW[
pilot plant cost of about 49Ð59\999 DM\ the metal! hydride compressor KM!0409 can pay back itself in pre! sent economic conditions of the Ukraine for an operation covering 4Ð5 months[ The reason for this is the large di}erence in the prices of low pressure hydrogen "approximately 1 DM for 0 m2# and hydrogen at a pres! sure 04[9 MPa\ which is compressed into standard gas cylinders "about 09 DM for 0 m2#[ The above!mentioned\ as well as the fact that this development was _nanced by an industrial _rm in con! ditions of deep economic crisis in the Ukraine\ testi_es to the high competitiveness of this class of metal!hydride based compressor systems[ References
2[ Conclusion The pilot sample of metal!hydride hydrogen com! pressor KM!0409 was transferred to the customer in May\ 0886\ and it is now successfully maintained at the industrial base of Lviv Chemical Plant[ According to our preliminary economic estimates\ at a
ð0Ł Solovey VV\ Ivanovsky AI\ Kolosov VI\ Shmal|ko Yu[F[ Series of metal hydride high pressure hydrogen compressors[ JALCOM 0884^120]892Ð5[ ð1Ł Ivanovsky AI\ Kolosov VI\ Lototsky MV\ Solovey VV\ Shmal|ko Yu[F\ Kennedy LA[ Metal hydride ther! mosorption compressors with improved characteristics[ Int[ J[ Hydrogen Energy 0885^10"00:01#]0942Ð44[