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Saudi Arabian librarianship: An annotated bibliography (1950–1986)
ht.
Libr.
(1988) 20,495-507
Rev.
Saudi Arabian Librarianship: An Annotated Bibliography ( 1950-l 986) JAMAL
A.
TAMEEM*
The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to list the literature which appeared between 1950 and 1986 in English in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s libraries and librarianship. This bibliography will cover books, articles and reports which were written in English, appeared in the international professional literature and were published outside the Kingdom. It also includes dissertations by students at American universities about the libraries and librarianship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This work aims to satisfy the needs of researchers, librarians, library school students from abroad and Saudi students in the field of library and information science. This annotated bibliography might also be useful from the viewpoint of comparative librarianship as an academic subject. The study covers 71 annotated citations, including 44 articles, 15 dissertations, 5 books, and 7 reports. The bibliography uses a chronological arrangement.
1950 (1) J. Rives Childs, Saudi Arabia’s Libraries Still Largely Unknown, Libr. J. 75, 12761277. A short review of the libraries in Saudi Arabia: general description of the mosque libraries in Makkah and Medina, Sheikh M. Nasif Library in Jeddah, Royal Palace Library in Riyadh and private libraries.
1956 (2) Alfred A. Beltran, Books in the Desert, Libr. J. 81, 585-589. A review of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) Overseas Company Technical Library in Saudi Arabia. Also discusses the technical library system. * P.O.
Box 9891, Jeddah
0020-7837/88/000495
21423,
+ 13 $03.00/O
Saudi
Arabia 0
1988 Academic
Press Limited
496
J.
A.
TAMEEM
1964 (3) William W. Bennett, The Middle East Technical University Library, UNESCO Bull. Libr. 18, 269-273. A brief description of the Middle East Technical University Library including function, purpose and collections.
1966 (4) Lester Asheim, Librarianship in the Developing Countries. Chicago: University of Illinois. The author details the striking contrasts and parallels between library practice in the United States and that in the developing countries, and analyses the successes and inadequacies of each system. He then considers the social and historical forces which have shaped existing cultural values and educational goals in the developing nations. (5) Mohammed M. Aman, Bibliographical Services in the Arab Countries, Coil. Res. Libr. 31, 249-259. Discusses the importance of bibliographies in the Arab Countries. The purpose of this work is to assist acquisition and reference librarians and bibliographers by identifying specific titles. The article outlines national bibliographies, government documents, theses, subject bibliographies, and lists accession.
1970 (6) American Library Association, Inter. Lib. Manpower (‘June), 26-27. Detroit: ALA Preconference Institute. Fact sheets on the general education system and education for librarianship are presented for 49 countries. (7) D. J. Weber, METU’s Library: The First Decade, UNESCO Bull. Libr. 24, 77-78, 107. A brief review of the Middle East Technical University Library including a short history.
1972 (8) Fred J. Harsaghy, Jr. Design for Future Service in a Developing Country, Sbec. Libr. 63.400-403. The development, literally from nothing, of a collegiate library in Saudi Arabia during a four-year period ( 1965-69).
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
497
1974 (9) Abbas Saleh Tashkandy, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Historical Collection of the Scientijc Manuscripts at the Library of ArifHikmat in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Descriptive study of Arif Hikmat Library in Medina. Locates important items in many fields and develops the basic descriptive elements necessary for identifying of Arabic manuscripts along with some practical measures for cataloging such materials. 1977 (10) D. K. Easton, Coordinated Economic Development and the Information Network. IFLA/UNESCO Pre-Session Seminar on Resource Sharing of Libraries in Developing Countries, Antwerp, Belgium, (30 August-4, 9 September). A discussion of some of the problems that the Advisory Organization for Gulf Industries (AOGI) will face when it undertakes to organize both an information center (node) that will serve the information needs of the Gulf States and to compile an indigenous data bank that can supply the world with comprehensive economic information and statistics. (11) Abdulla Mohamed Sharif, Education for Librarianship in the Arab Countries: Present Practices, Problems, and Possible Solutions. Unpublished PhD thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. The purpose of this study was to identify, investigate, compare, examine and evaluate the present structure of library education programs in the Arab countries. The study was useful to improve the quality of library education programs, short- and long-term planning. ( 12) Abdul-Jalil Tashkandy, Bibliographical Control in Saudi Arabia: An Inquiry into the Printing and Distribution of Government Publications, With Recommendations for Improvement. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Investigation of the major procedures involved in printing and distribution of Saudi Arabian government publications. Also evaluates available bibliographical tools and to formulate a series of recommendations for the improvement of bibliographical control over government publications.
1978 (13) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, Survey of User’s Attitudes Towards the Resources and Services of Three Uniuersity Libraries in Saudi Arabia. Unpub-
498
J.
A.
TAMEEM
lished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Evaluation of library resources and services through faculty and student opinions. Also inquiries into the limitations imposed on faculty and student use of the library and the level of their involvement in building up the collections and in utilizing library resources. (14) Shaban A. Khalifa, Libraries in Saudi Arabia, Leeds 20, l-5. A short review of library development in Saudi Arabia, including collections and early library education. (15) Ziauddin Sardar, The Information Unit of the Hajj Research Center, Aslib. Proc. 30, 158-164. A description of the Hajj Research Center at King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, focusing on the information units, storage and retrieval procedures, dissemination of information and budget.
1979 (16) Abdul Latif Ibn Dohaish, Public and Private Libraries in the Hijaz up to 1925, Pak. Libr. Bull. 10, 17-25. A comparative and critical study of the history of education in Hijaz, Saudi Arabia, up to 1925. The only Hijaz cities with libraries in 18001925 appear to have been Makkah and Medina. (17) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Libraries and Information Centers in Saudi Arabia, Int. Libr. Rev. 11, 409-419. A brief historical summary of library development in Islamic culture, including a description of the status oflibraries and information centers. An outline of overall problems facing Saudi libraries. ( 18) Shawky Salem, The Arabic Literature of Library and Information Science, J. Znf. Sci. 1, 231-234. A brief discussion of Arabic literature in library and information science and oflibrary education institutions in Arab states. Also outlines the obstacles which face the Arabic and information literature. (19) Ziauddin S ar d ar, Saudi Arabia: Indigenous Sources of Information, Aslib Proc. 31, 237-244. The paper discusses the indigenous sources for the dissemination of information generated in Saudi Arabia on science and technology, industry and commerce, education and culture. (20) Abdulla Mohamed Sharif, The Factors which Effect the Development of Librarianship and Library Education in the Arab Countries, Int. Libr. Rev. 11, 245-257. The author sees as positive the ALESCO activities, UNESCO contributions, the influence of International Associations, the contribution
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
499
of foreign librarians, Library Studies abroad and library establishment. In a critical vein, he covers the shortcomings in national planning, cooperation, standards, legislation, library associations and literature. (2 1) Abbas Saleh Tashkandy, Libraries in Saudi Arabia, Envy. Libr. If: Sci. 26, 307-322. A comprehensive description of the early libraries and librarianship in Saudi Arabia, including current development in the public library system and library education program.
1980 (22) Karen Carlson, Meeting in Bluegrass Country: A Report on the AASL Conference, Wilson Libr. Bull. 55, 272-275. The American Association of School Librarians first National Conbrought together over 2500 legistrants ference, “ 1980 and beyond”, from 48 states in a 4-day meeting. (23) John P. Celli, Sp ecial Libraries of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Spec. Libr. 71, 358-364. Briefly describes some of the special libraries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including collections, and library staff. (24) Abdul Latif Abduilah bin Dohaish, Libraries of Madina-alMunawwarah (during the Ottoman period), Puk. Libr. Bull. 11, 1-12. Historical review of the development of public and private libraries in the holy city, Madina, during the Ottoman period. Also discusses many libraries such as Sultan Mahmood, Arif Hikmat, Uthmania, and Madrasha of al-Shifa. (25) Zahiruddin Khurshid, L’bz raries and Librarianship in Saudi Arabia. Karachi: Mahmood Khan. Reviews the development of all types of libraries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also discusses library development at the university level and evaluates library services and the problems which prevent the development of libraries and information centers. (26) Jane Maehr, The Middle East: An Annotated Bibliography of Literature for Children. Washington, D.C.: National Inst. of Education. A list or annotated bibliography of children’s literature about the Middle Eastern countries. It is classified in terms of non-fiction and fiction, and rated by age or grade level.
1981 (27) Ahmad Ashfaq and Simon Samoeil, Libraries, MELA Notes 23, 14-I 7.
First Conference
of Saudi
500
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Report appeared in the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library. Briefly reports the proceedings at the first Conference of Saudi Libraries which discussed manpower problems, inter-library cooperation, public libraries, library automation, and cooperation with international library and documentation institutions. (28) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, The University of Petroleum and Minerals: A Model for an Academic Library, Call. Res. Libr. 42, 456460. An overview of the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library in Saudi Arabia. There are 160 000 volumes, 300 000 non-print items and 3800 periodicals, about 75% in science and engineering and 25% in humanities and social sciences. DOBIS/LIBIS is being implemented for the automation of all library functions. (29) John P. Celli, Saudi Arabia Libraries Revisited, Leeds 23, 6-8. The author describes some significant advances which have been made to the Saudi Arabian libraries after four years since Dr Shaban A. Khalifa researched his article, Libraries in Saudi Arabia, which appeared in March 1978. (30) Abdul-R a h man I. Dhohayan, Islamic Resource Sharing Network: A Feasibility Study for its Establishment Among University Libraries of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Turkey as Representative Islamic Nations. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. A review of related literature to help define the network concept and the characteristics of Islamic libraries and librarianship. The study has three major parts: the university libraries of each country, the relationship among the seven Saudi university libraries, the Islamic Resource-Sharing Network concept. (31) King Faisal University: Extensive Library Network Set to Grow Further, Middle East Educ. 3, 20-2 1. A short review of the Central Library of King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia, including its proposed opening of a Center for Translation and Publication of books into and from Arabic. (32) George McMurdo, The IAP Library at King Abdulaziz International Airport, Aslib Proc. 33, 363-367. Describes the scope and activities of the International Airports Projects (IAP) Office of the Ministry of Defence and Aviation, Saudi Arabia. The IAP library has favored the application of technologyintensive techniques including the development of a computerized library administration system. (33) M. L. Moran, Further Considerations on Romanization: Saudi Arabia, Int. Libr. Rev. 13, 275-285. A short review of librarianship in Saudi Arabia and a discussion of the development of Western Librarianship to increase the use of
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
501
vernacular scripts in library catalogs in Saudi Arabia. (34) Abdulla M o h amed Shari< The Development of Professional Library Education in the Arab Countries, Int. Libr. Rev. 13, 87-101. An analysis of the development of library education and librarianship in the Arab countries. The establishment of the Cairo Library Association in 1946 and the UNESCO and AIESCO Seminars between 19621974 are considered the first steps toward a general national framework for library education and librarianship.
1982 (35) Hisham Abdullah Abbas, A Plan for Public Library System Development in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University ofpittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Descriptive research study of the development of public libraries in Saudi Arabia. Objectives of this study are to review the background of public libraries, survey their current situation and develop a plan of action to establish a national public library system. (36) Abdulaziz Mohamed Al-Nahari, The National Library: An Analysis of the Critical Factors in Promoting Library and Information Servicesin Developing Countries; The Case of Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. A research study to investigate the nature of national libraries through a look at their generally accepted function. These functions were then applied to the actual situation in Saudi Arabia. The study compiled a list of national library functions, reviewed and analysed official library-related documents in Saudi Arabia, and obtained opinions from Saudi professionals and potential users. (37) Muhammad Ali-Al-Tayyeb, Information Technology Transfer to Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. The study examines the status of information technology using field research methodology and discusses the model’s role in the formulation of a national information policy. (38) Richard Cheffins, More IFLA Contacts with Saudi Arabia, IFLA Journal 8(4), 422426. A report on Cheffins nine-day visiting college and research libraries in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this visit was to evaluate and report on libraries in Saudi Arabia. (39) Selden S. D eemer, Online in Saudi Arabia, hf. Technol. Libr. 1,
37-41. Outlines
the factors
affecting
growth
of computer
usage in Saudi
502
J.
A.
TAMEEM
Arabia. The critical impact of loan shortages is highlighted. Using computers is shown to be one way to improve library services without expanding staff. (40) Abdulla Saleh Isa, Proposed Standards for University Libraries in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. The objective of this research is to give a clear picture of the existing resources in the university libraries and to formulate realistic minimum standards. (41) Jane Maddox and Felix 0. Weigel, Acquisitions from the Middle East: The View from Harrassowitz, Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 6, 195- 199. Contribution to an issue devoted to library acquisitions from the Third World. At Otto Harrassowitz, the acquisition of materials from the Middle East is handled by the Asian Department, which purchases relevant publications in the humanities and social sciences. (42) George McMurdo, An Analysis of UK MARC Exchange Tape Variable Data Field Subfield Length, 1950-1980, Program 16, I-10. The Library of the International Airport Projects of the Ministry of Defence and Aviation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has installed an interactive online system using MARC tapes formats using compression techniques. (43) Ali Ibrahim Namlah, Manpower Deficiency in Saudi Arabia: Its Effect on the Library and Information Profession, Int. Libr. Rev. 14, 3--
20. Saudi Arabia is a wealthy country with a chronic shortage of trained manpower. This has a significant effect on the 40 public and 11 university libraries. (44) Seminar on Library and Documentation Training, IFLA Journal 8(l), 115-116. A short report on this seminar which was organized by ALESCO and held in Saudi Arabia from 7-15 November 1981.
1983 (45) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, Planning for Library Automation at the University of Petroleum and Minerals, J. hf. Sci. 5, 193-198. A review of the University of Petroleum and Minerals, formed to support those industries in Saudi Arabia. Also describes the planning, selection, and installation of the DOBIS/LIBIS system at the University. (46) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, University Library Planning: The
SAUDI
Experience
ARABIAN
of the University
LIBRARIANSHIP
of Petroleum
and Minerals,
503 Int. Libr. Rev.
15,273-289. Outline of the development of a university library serving approximately 5232 faculty, staff and students. Data is presented for space, facilities and professional manpower needs. (47) Selden S. Deemer, Public Access Searching through DOBIS, Soft. Rev. 2, 148-157. DOBIS is a commercially available software package that supports a public access search function. The article evaluates this function of DOBIS, basing its conclusions on the DOBIS online catalog which has been running at the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia. (48) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Applications of Modern Technologies in Arab Countries, Libri 33, 107-l 12. Comments on the proceedings of the symposium on new technology in libraries, prospects and problems for libraries in the Gulf States held by the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudia Arabia. The symposium dealt with topics such as: application of new technology, prerequisities for inter-library cooperation and shortage of skilled manpower. (49) Maurice B. Line, Libraries in Saudi Arabia: Some Reflections, ht. Libr. Rev. 15, 365-373. Review of library development in Saudi Arabia with an emphasis on academic libraries. Suggests an urgent need for Saudi librarians to define clearly their objectives. (50) Simon Samoeil, The University of Petroleum and Minerals Library, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Leeds 25, 3-4. A short review of the University of Petroleum and Minerals, covering staff, collection development, administration changes and the classification system.
1984 (5 1) Nazir Ahmad, Cataloging Operations in Arab University Libraries, Pak. Libr. Bull. 15, 1-17. Briefly describes catalog automation development in the United Kingdom. Outlires the computerization of technical services at the Library of the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia. Discusses some of the problems and benefits of automation. (52) Nazir Ahmad, University Library Practices in Developing Countries. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
504
J.
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An informative book, based on reasonably up-to-date information on libraries in eight wholly or partially Muslim countries. The book is divided into chapters based on different aspects of library work: management, reference and information, selection and acquisition, collection and finances, and planning and designing library buildings. (53) S. Nazim Ali, Saudi Arabia University Libraries, Leeds 26, 6-7. A review of university libraries in Saudi Arabia, including collections and library education. (54) Abdulaziz Mohammed Al-Nahari, The Role of National Libraries in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to Saudi Arabia. London: Manse11 Publishing Limited. A comprehensive survey of the functions of a national library. The period of the survey spans 1960-1980, with an occasional look at earlier times. The author examines the traditional roles of the national libraries and also the modern ones. The main objective of the book is to draw up guidelines for the establishment, development, and maintenance of the national library of a developing country. The guidelines are based on an opinion survey of forty Saudi Arabian professional librarians and fifty directors of national libraries in different countries. (55) Mohammed A. Atram, Availability of Periodicals in Major Saudi Arabian Libraries: A Descriptive Study of Factors Contributing to Availability Within the Framework of National Librarianship. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. A descriptive evaluation of periodicals to demonstrate the need for a national information policy in Saudi Arabia. A 4450 title sample was compiled: 1165 relate to the Saudi culture, the other 3285 titles were taken from citation, ILL data, and two selection tools. Availability of the titles in 15 major Saudi Arabian libraries was determined. (56) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Public Access Online Catalogue at the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library, Her. Libr. Sci. 23, 192195. Discusses important features of the University of Petroleum and Minerals online catalogue, which was developed on DOBIS software marketed by IBM. Describes the efforts to develop systems capability for handling Arabic catalogue data. (57) Ali Ibrahim Namlah, Infrastructure of Information Needs and Resources in the Country of Saudi Arabia: An Assessment. Unpublished PhD thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. A research study to determine the information situation of Saudi Arabia as it is related to the development of other sectors of the country. It is intended to provide a framework for the formulation of a national information policy. (58) Mohammed Makki Sibai, An Historical Investigation of Mosque
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
505
Libraries in Islamic L;fe and Culture. Unpublished PhD thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington. This study is to investigate the institution of the mosque as it relates to the Muslim scholarship. The study attempts to accomplish tow primary objectives: there is evidence that a number of mosque libraries grow out of the Muslim custom of bequeathing copies of the Quran to favorite mosques and there is evidence that many mosque libraries have reached high stages of development as well as social prominence. (59) Ahmad Al’ 1 T amraz, A Study of Availability and Actual Usage of Arabic and English Monographs in Scienceand Technology in Three Academic Libraries in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick. A research study to determine the shelf availability of titles published between 1978-1982. Both the English and the Arab samples drawn were checked against the central card catalog of each of the three Saudi academic libraries participating in the study.
1985 (60) Ajlan M o h ammed Ajlan, The Efectiveness of Two Academic Libraries in Saudi Arabia: An Enquiry into the Main Factors Afecting Their Services. Unpublished PhD thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. Research study to determine the rate of book availability as a measure of effectiveness of library services and to identify the operational factors that affect the availability of materials. (61) Thomas Cetwinski, An American Librarian in the Middle East, Coil. Res. Libr. News 46, 6-9. Describes experiences in establishing and operating a library for students and teaching staff of the Naval Forces School of the Royal Saudi Naval Forces at Jubqil in Saudi Arabia. (62) Sheikh M. H anif, Cataloging with a Computer DOBIS/LIBIS Adapted by the University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Pak. Libr. Bull. 16, 63-78. Describes the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library in Saudi Arabia and discusses the decision to automate library functions with the DOBIS/LIBIS system. (63) Suhail Manzoor, Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology (SANCST) Database, Int. Libr. Rev. 17, 77-90. Reviews subject area covered by publications in the database of the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology. Discusses scientific and technological activities in Saudi Arabia. (64) Patricia Myers-Hayer, Report of the First Meeting of the Middle
506
J.
A.
TAMEEM
East Cooperation Microform Project, MELA Notes 34, 7-8. A short report which discusses the basic procedures for setting up a Middle East cooperative microform project. The purpose of the project will be to make materials available in microform which are difficult to obtain through the usual routes. (65) Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology, Znterlending Dot. Supply 13, 123-125. A brief description of the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia. The library has a modest collection of5000 reference works, subscribes to about 400 periodicals, and 300 000 reports of non-conventional literature in microfiche.
1986 (66) Hisham A. Abbas, Problem Facing Public Libraries in Developing Countries, With Special Reference to Saudi Arabia: A State of the Art, Libri 36(4), 2977312. The study discusses the reasons for slow growth in library development in the Developing Countries focusing on the situation in Saudi Arabia. (67) Accessing ARTTel With Crosstalk XVI and dBase III, Interlending DOL. Supp~ 14(3), 93-94. A short report reviewed the interlibrary loan services at the UPM library in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. As a result it has decided to improve the turn-around time for both inter-library loans and photocopy services. (68) S. Nazim Ali, Academic Libraries and Their Services in the Arabian Gulf, Libr. Rev. (Winter), 238-244. Review of Middle East academic institutions and their libraries. Seventeen universities in the Arabian Gulf are divided among six countries. The study covers administration, manpower, technical services and reader services. (69) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Automated Serials Control at the University of Petroleum and Minerals Using DOBIS/LIBIS Periodicals Module, Serial Rev. 12(l), 49952. Describes the operation and installation of the DOBIS/LIBIS online periodicals control system at the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia. (70) Mohammed A. Marghalani, A Systematic Design of a Proposed Model for School Library Media Center Programs in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. The main objectives of this study are to investigate, assessand analyse
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
507
the present condition of secondary and comprehensive school libraries; to determine the attitudes of secondary and comprehensive school principals toward school library media center programs; and to design a model for developing school library media center programs in Saudi Arabia. (7 1) N. Shahla Yaghmai, Virgil P. Diodato, and Jacqueline A. Maxin, Arab-Islamic Cultures and On-Line Bibliographical Systems, Int. Libr. Rev. 18, 15-24. Discussion of international cooperation in the development of the study ofArab-Islamic culture. Forty-one countries belong to the Organization for Islamic Conference. Only 23 have national libraries of some sort, 19 have depositories, and 20 publish national bibliographies. The Bulletin of Arab Publications (BAP) is prepared by ALESCO.
Libr.
(1988) 20,495-507
Rev.
Saudi Arabian Librarianship: An Annotated Bibliography ( 1950-l 986) JAMAL
A.
TAMEEM*
The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to list the literature which appeared between 1950 and 1986 in English in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s libraries and librarianship. This bibliography will cover books, articles and reports which were written in English, appeared in the international professional literature and were published outside the Kingdom. It also includes dissertations by students at American universities about the libraries and librarianship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This work aims to satisfy the needs of researchers, librarians, library school students from abroad and Saudi students in the field of library and information science. This annotated bibliography might also be useful from the viewpoint of comparative librarianship as an academic subject. The study covers 71 annotated citations, including 44 articles, 15 dissertations, 5 books, and 7 reports. The bibliography uses a chronological arrangement.
1950 (1) J. Rives Childs, Saudi Arabia’s Libraries Still Largely Unknown, Libr. J. 75, 12761277. A short review of the libraries in Saudi Arabia: general description of the mosque libraries in Makkah and Medina, Sheikh M. Nasif Library in Jeddah, Royal Palace Library in Riyadh and private libraries.
1956 (2) Alfred A. Beltran, Books in the Desert, Libr. J. 81, 585-589. A review of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) Overseas Company Technical Library in Saudi Arabia. Also discusses the technical library system. * P.O.
Box 9891, Jeddah
0020-7837/88/000495
21423,
+ 13 $03.00/O
Saudi
Arabia 0
1988 Academic
Press Limited
496
J.
A.
TAMEEM
1964 (3) William W. Bennett, The Middle East Technical University Library, UNESCO Bull. Libr. 18, 269-273. A brief description of the Middle East Technical University Library including function, purpose and collections.
1966 (4) Lester Asheim, Librarianship in the Developing Countries. Chicago: University of Illinois. The author details the striking contrasts and parallels between library practice in the United States and that in the developing countries, and analyses the successes and inadequacies of each system. He then considers the social and historical forces which have shaped existing cultural values and educational goals in the developing nations. (5) Mohammed M. Aman, Bibliographical Services in the Arab Countries, Coil. Res. Libr. 31, 249-259. Discusses the importance of bibliographies in the Arab Countries. The purpose of this work is to assist acquisition and reference librarians and bibliographers by identifying specific titles. The article outlines national bibliographies, government documents, theses, subject bibliographies, and lists accession.
1970 (6) American Library Association, Inter. Lib. Manpower (‘June), 26-27. Detroit: ALA Preconference Institute. Fact sheets on the general education system and education for librarianship are presented for 49 countries. (7) D. J. Weber, METU’s Library: The First Decade, UNESCO Bull. Libr. 24, 77-78, 107. A brief review of the Middle East Technical University Library including a short history.
1972 (8) Fred J. Harsaghy, Jr. Design for Future Service in a Developing Country, Sbec. Libr. 63.400-403. The development, literally from nothing, of a collegiate library in Saudi Arabia during a four-year period ( 1965-69).
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
497
1974 (9) Abbas Saleh Tashkandy, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Historical Collection of the Scientijc Manuscripts at the Library of ArifHikmat in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Descriptive study of Arif Hikmat Library in Medina. Locates important items in many fields and develops the basic descriptive elements necessary for identifying of Arabic manuscripts along with some practical measures for cataloging such materials. 1977 (10) D. K. Easton, Coordinated Economic Development and the Information Network. IFLA/UNESCO Pre-Session Seminar on Resource Sharing of Libraries in Developing Countries, Antwerp, Belgium, (30 August-4, 9 September). A discussion of some of the problems that the Advisory Organization for Gulf Industries (AOGI) will face when it undertakes to organize both an information center (node) that will serve the information needs of the Gulf States and to compile an indigenous data bank that can supply the world with comprehensive economic information and statistics. (11) Abdulla Mohamed Sharif, Education for Librarianship in the Arab Countries: Present Practices, Problems, and Possible Solutions. Unpublished PhD thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. The purpose of this study was to identify, investigate, compare, examine and evaluate the present structure of library education programs in the Arab countries. The study was useful to improve the quality of library education programs, short- and long-term planning. ( 12) Abdul-Jalil Tashkandy, Bibliographical Control in Saudi Arabia: An Inquiry into the Printing and Distribution of Government Publications, With Recommendations for Improvement. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Investigation of the major procedures involved in printing and distribution of Saudi Arabian government publications. Also evaluates available bibliographical tools and to formulate a series of recommendations for the improvement of bibliographical control over government publications.
1978 (13) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, Survey of User’s Attitudes Towards the Resources and Services of Three Uniuersity Libraries in Saudi Arabia. Unpub-
498
J.
A.
TAMEEM
lished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Evaluation of library resources and services through faculty and student opinions. Also inquiries into the limitations imposed on faculty and student use of the library and the level of their involvement in building up the collections and in utilizing library resources. (14) Shaban A. Khalifa, Libraries in Saudi Arabia, Leeds 20, l-5. A short review of library development in Saudi Arabia, including collections and early library education. (15) Ziauddin Sardar, The Information Unit of the Hajj Research Center, Aslib. Proc. 30, 158-164. A description of the Hajj Research Center at King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, focusing on the information units, storage and retrieval procedures, dissemination of information and budget.
1979 (16) Abdul Latif Ibn Dohaish, Public and Private Libraries in the Hijaz up to 1925, Pak. Libr. Bull. 10, 17-25. A comparative and critical study of the history of education in Hijaz, Saudi Arabia, up to 1925. The only Hijaz cities with libraries in 18001925 appear to have been Makkah and Medina. (17) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Libraries and Information Centers in Saudi Arabia, Int. Libr. Rev. 11, 409-419. A brief historical summary of library development in Islamic culture, including a description of the status oflibraries and information centers. An outline of overall problems facing Saudi libraries. ( 18) Shawky Salem, The Arabic Literature of Library and Information Science, J. Znf. Sci. 1, 231-234. A brief discussion of Arabic literature in library and information science and oflibrary education institutions in Arab states. Also outlines the obstacles which face the Arabic and information literature. (19) Ziauddin S ar d ar, Saudi Arabia: Indigenous Sources of Information, Aslib Proc. 31, 237-244. The paper discusses the indigenous sources for the dissemination of information generated in Saudi Arabia on science and technology, industry and commerce, education and culture. (20) Abdulla Mohamed Sharif, The Factors which Effect the Development of Librarianship and Library Education in the Arab Countries, Int. Libr. Rev. 11, 245-257. The author sees as positive the ALESCO activities, UNESCO contributions, the influence of International Associations, the contribution
SAUDI
ARABIAN
LIBRARIANSHIP
499
of foreign librarians, Library Studies abroad and library establishment. In a critical vein, he covers the shortcomings in national planning, cooperation, standards, legislation, library associations and literature. (2 1) Abbas Saleh Tashkandy, Libraries in Saudi Arabia, Envy. Libr. If: Sci. 26, 307-322. A comprehensive description of the early libraries and librarianship in Saudi Arabia, including current development in the public library system and library education program.
1980 (22) Karen Carlson, Meeting in Bluegrass Country: A Report on the AASL Conference, Wilson Libr. Bull. 55, 272-275. The American Association of School Librarians first National Conbrought together over 2500 legistrants ference, “ 1980 and beyond”, from 48 states in a 4-day meeting. (23) John P. Celli, Sp ecial Libraries of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Spec. Libr. 71, 358-364. Briefly describes some of the special libraries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including collections, and library staff. (24) Abdul Latif Abduilah bin Dohaish, Libraries of Madina-alMunawwarah (during the Ottoman period), Puk. Libr. Bull. 11, 1-12. Historical review of the development of public and private libraries in the holy city, Madina, during the Ottoman period. Also discusses many libraries such as Sultan Mahmood, Arif Hikmat, Uthmania, and Madrasha of al-Shifa. (25) Zahiruddin Khurshid, L’bz raries and Librarianship in Saudi Arabia. Karachi: Mahmood Khan. Reviews the development of all types of libraries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also discusses library development at the university level and evaluates library services and the problems which prevent the development of libraries and information centers. (26) Jane Maehr, The Middle East: An Annotated Bibliography of Literature for Children. Washington, D.C.: National Inst. of Education. A list or annotated bibliography of children’s literature about the Middle Eastern countries. It is classified in terms of non-fiction and fiction, and rated by age or grade level.
1981 (27) Ahmad Ashfaq and Simon Samoeil, Libraries, MELA Notes 23, 14-I 7.
First Conference
of Saudi
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Report appeared in the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library. Briefly reports the proceedings at the first Conference of Saudi Libraries which discussed manpower problems, inter-library cooperation, public libraries, library automation, and cooperation with international library and documentation institutions. (28) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, The University of Petroleum and Minerals: A Model for an Academic Library, Call. Res. Libr. 42, 456460. An overview of the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library in Saudi Arabia. There are 160 000 volumes, 300 000 non-print items and 3800 periodicals, about 75% in science and engineering and 25% in humanities and social sciences. DOBIS/LIBIS is being implemented for the automation of all library functions. (29) John P. Celli, Saudi Arabia Libraries Revisited, Leeds 23, 6-8. The author describes some significant advances which have been made to the Saudi Arabian libraries after four years since Dr Shaban A. Khalifa researched his article, Libraries in Saudi Arabia, which appeared in March 1978. (30) Abdul-R a h man I. Dhohayan, Islamic Resource Sharing Network: A Feasibility Study for its Establishment Among University Libraries of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Turkey as Representative Islamic Nations. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. A review of related literature to help define the network concept and the characteristics of Islamic libraries and librarianship. The study has three major parts: the university libraries of each country, the relationship among the seven Saudi university libraries, the Islamic Resource-Sharing Network concept. (31) King Faisal University: Extensive Library Network Set to Grow Further, Middle East Educ. 3, 20-2 1. A short review of the Central Library of King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia, including its proposed opening of a Center for Translation and Publication of books into and from Arabic. (32) George McMurdo, The IAP Library at King Abdulaziz International Airport, Aslib Proc. 33, 363-367. Describes the scope and activities of the International Airports Projects (IAP) Office of the Ministry of Defence and Aviation, Saudi Arabia. The IAP library has favored the application of technologyintensive techniques including the development of a computerized library administration system. (33) M. L. Moran, Further Considerations on Romanization: Saudi Arabia, Int. Libr. Rev. 13, 275-285. A short review of librarianship in Saudi Arabia and a discussion of the development of Western Librarianship to increase the use of
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vernacular scripts in library catalogs in Saudi Arabia. (34) Abdulla M o h amed Shari< The Development of Professional Library Education in the Arab Countries, Int. Libr. Rev. 13, 87-101. An analysis of the development of library education and librarianship in the Arab countries. The establishment of the Cairo Library Association in 1946 and the UNESCO and AIESCO Seminars between 19621974 are considered the first steps toward a general national framework for library education and librarianship.
1982 (35) Hisham Abdullah Abbas, A Plan for Public Library System Development in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University ofpittsburgh, Pittsburgh. Descriptive research study of the development of public libraries in Saudi Arabia. Objectives of this study are to review the background of public libraries, survey their current situation and develop a plan of action to establish a national public library system. (36) Abdulaziz Mohamed Al-Nahari, The National Library: An Analysis of the Critical Factors in Promoting Library and Information Servicesin Developing Countries; The Case of Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. A research study to investigate the nature of national libraries through a look at their generally accepted function. These functions were then applied to the actual situation in Saudi Arabia. The study compiled a list of national library functions, reviewed and analysed official library-related documents in Saudi Arabia, and obtained opinions from Saudi professionals and potential users. (37) Muhammad Ali-Al-Tayyeb, Information Technology Transfer to Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. The study examines the status of information technology using field research methodology and discusses the model’s role in the formulation of a national information policy. (38) Richard Cheffins, More IFLA Contacts with Saudi Arabia, IFLA Journal 8(4), 422426. A report on Cheffins nine-day visiting college and research libraries in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this visit was to evaluate and report on libraries in Saudi Arabia. (39) Selden S. D eemer, Online in Saudi Arabia, hf. Technol. Libr. 1,
37-41. Outlines
the factors
affecting
growth
of computer
usage in Saudi
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Arabia. The critical impact of loan shortages is highlighted. Using computers is shown to be one way to improve library services without expanding staff. (40) Abdulla Saleh Isa, Proposed Standards for University Libraries in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. The objective of this research is to give a clear picture of the existing resources in the university libraries and to formulate realistic minimum standards. (41) Jane Maddox and Felix 0. Weigel, Acquisitions from the Middle East: The View from Harrassowitz, Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 6, 195- 199. Contribution to an issue devoted to library acquisitions from the Third World. At Otto Harrassowitz, the acquisition of materials from the Middle East is handled by the Asian Department, which purchases relevant publications in the humanities and social sciences. (42) George McMurdo, An Analysis of UK MARC Exchange Tape Variable Data Field Subfield Length, 1950-1980, Program 16, I-10. The Library of the International Airport Projects of the Ministry of Defence and Aviation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has installed an interactive online system using MARC tapes formats using compression techniques. (43) Ali Ibrahim Namlah, Manpower Deficiency in Saudi Arabia: Its Effect on the Library and Information Profession, Int. Libr. Rev. 14, 3--
20. Saudi Arabia is a wealthy country with a chronic shortage of trained manpower. This has a significant effect on the 40 public and 11 university libraries. (44) Seminar on Library and Documentation Training, IFLA Journal 8(l), 115-116. A short report on this seminar which was organized by ALESCO and held in Saudi Arabia from 7-15 November 1981.
1983 (45) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, Planning for Library Automation at the University of Petroleum and Minerals, J. hf. Sci. 5, 193-198. A review of the University of Petroleum and Minerals, formed to support those industries in Saudi Arabia. Also describes the planning, selection, and installation of the DOBIS/LIBIS system at the University. (46) Mohammed Saleh J. Ashoor, University Library Planning: The
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of the University
LIBRARIANSHIP
of Petroleum
and Minerals,
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15,273-289. Outline of the development of a university library serving approximately 5232 faculty, staff and students. Data is presented for space, facilities and professional manpower needs. (47) Selden S. Deemer, Public Access Searching through DOBIS, Soft. Rev. 2, 148-157. DOBIS is a commercially available software package that supports a public access search function. The article evaluates this function of DOBIS, basing its conclusions on the DOBIS online catalog which has been running at the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia. (48) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Applications of Modern Technologies in Arab Countries, Libri 33, 107-l 12. Comments on the proceedings of the symposium on new technology in libraries, prospects and problems for libraries in the Gulf States held by the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudia Arabia. The symposium dealt with topics such as: application of new technology, prerequisities for inter-library cooperation and shortage of skilled manpower. (49) Maurice B. Line, Libraries in Saudi Arabia: Some Reflections, ht. Libr. Rev. 15, 365-373. Review of library development in Saudi Arabia with an emphasis on academic libraries. Suggests an urgent need for Saudi librarians to define clearly their objectives. (50) Simon Samoeil, The University of Petroleum and Minerals Library, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Leeds 25, 3-4. A short review of the University of Petroleum and Minerals, covering staff, collection development, administration changes and the classification system.
1984 (5 1) Nazir Ahmad, Cataloging Operations in Arab University Libraries, Pak. Libr. Bull. 15, 1-17. Briefly describes catalog automation development in the United Kingdom. Outlires the computerization of technical services at the Library of the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia. Discusses some of the problems and benefits of automation. (52) Nazir Ahmad, University Library Practices in Developing Countries. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
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An informative book, based on reasonably up-to-date information on libraries in eight wholly or partially Muslim countries. The book is divided into chapters based on different aspects of library work: management, reference and information, selection and acquisition, collection and finances, and planning and designing library buildings. (53) S. Nazim Ali, Saudi Arabia University Libraries, Leeds 26, 6-7. A review of university libraries in Saudi Arabia, including collections and library education. (54) Abdulaziz Mohammed Al-Nahari, The Role of National Libraries in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to Saudi Arabia. London: Manse11 Publishing Limited. A comprehensive survey of the functions of a national library. The period of the survey spans 1960-1980, with an occasional look at earlier times. The author examines the traditional roles of the national libraries and also the modern ones. The main objective of the book is to draw up guidelines for the establishment, development, and maintenance of the national library of a developing country. The guidelines are based on an opinion survey of forty Saudi Arabian professional librarians and fifty directors of national libraries in different countries. (55) Mohammed A. Atram, Availability of Periodicals in Major Saudi Arabian Libraries: A Descriptive Study of Factors Contributing to Availability Within the Framework of National Librarianship. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. A descriptive evaluation of periodicals to demonstrate the need for a national information policy in Saudi Arabia. A 4450 title sample was compiled: 1165 relate to the Saudi culture, the other 3285 titles were taken from citation, ILL data, and two selection tools. Availability of the titles in 15 major Saudi Arabian libraries was determined. (56) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Public Access Online Catalogue at the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library, Her. Libr. Sci. 23, 192195. Discusses important features of the University of Petroleum and Minerals online catalogue, which was developed on DOBIS software marketed by IBM. Describes the efforts to develop systems capability for handling Arabic catalogue data. (57) Ali Ibrahim Namlah, Infrastructure of Information Needs and Resources in the Country of Saudi Arabia: An Assessment. Unpublished PhD thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. A research study to determine the information situation of Saudi Arabia as it is related to the development of other sectors of the country. It is intended to provide a framework for the formulation of a national information policy. (58) Mohammed Makki Sibai, An Historical Investigation of Mosque
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Libraries in Islamic L;fe and Culture. Unpublished PhD thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington. This study is to investigate the institution of the mosque as it relates to the Muslim scholarship. The study attempts to accomplish tow primary objectives: there is evidence that a number of mosque libraries grow out of the Muslim custom of bequeathing copies of the Quran to favorite mosques and there is evidence that many mosque libraries have reached high stages of development as well as social prominence. (59) Ahmad Al’ 1 T amraz, A Study of Availability and Actual Usage of Arabic and English Monographs in Scienceand Technology in Three Academic Libraries in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick. A research study to determine the shelf availability of titles published between 1978-1982. Both the English and the Arab samples drawn were checked against the central card catalog of each of the three Saudi academic libraries participating in the study.
1985 (60) Ajlan M o h ammed Ajlan, The Efectiveness of Two Academic Libraries in Saudi Arabia: An Enquiry into the Main Factors Afecting Their Services. Unpublished PhD thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. Research study to determine the rate of book availability as a measure of effectiveness of library services and to identify the operational factors that affect the availability of materials. (61) Thomas Cetwinski, An American Librarian in the Middle East, Coil. Res. Libr. News 46, 6-9. Describes experiences in establishing and operating a library for students and teaching staff of the Naval Forces School of the Royal Saudi Naval Forces at Jubqil in Saudi Arabia. (62) Sheikh M. H anif, Cataloging with a Computer DOBIS/LIBIS Adapted by the University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Pak. Libr. Bull. 16, 63-78. Describes the University of Petroleum and Minerals Library in Saudi Arabia and discusses the decision to automate library functions with the DOBIS/LIBIS system. (63) Suhail Manzoor, Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology (SANCST) Database, Int. Libr. Rev. 17, 77-90. Reviews subject area covered by publications in the database of the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology. Discusses scientific and technological activities in Saudi Arabia. (64) Patricia Myers-Hayer, Report of the First Meeting of the Middle
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East Cooperation Microform Project, MELA Notes 34, 7-8. A short report which discusses the basic procedures for setting up a Middle East cooperative microform project. The purpose of the project will be to make materials available in microform which are difficult to obtain through the usual routes. (65) Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology, Znterlending Dot. Supply 13, 123-125. A brief description of the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia. The library has a modest collection of5000 reference works, subscribes to about 400 periodicals, and 300 000 reports of non-conventional literature in microfiche.
1986 (66) Hisham A. Abbas, Problem Facing Public Libraries in Developing Countries, With Special Reference to Saudi Arabia: A State of the Art, Libri 36(4), 2977312. The study discusses the reasons for slow growth in library development in the Developing Countries focusing on the situation in Saudi Arabia. (67) Accessing ARTTel With Crosstalk XVI and dBase III, Interlending DOL. Supp~ 14(3), 93-94. A short report reviewed the interlibrary loan services at the UPM library in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. As a result it has decided to improve the turn-around time for both inter-library loans and photocopy services. (68) S. Nazim Ali, Academic Libraries and Their Services in the Arabian Gulf, Libr. Rev. (Winter), 238-244. Review of Middle East academic institutions and their libraries. Seventeen universities in the Arabian Gulf are divided among six countries. The study covers administration, manpower, technical services and reader services. (69) Zahiruddin Khurshid, Automated Serials Control at the University of Petroleum and Minerals Using DOBIS/LIBIS Periodicals Module, Serial Rev. 12(l), 49952. Describes the operation and installation of the DOBIS/LIBIS online periodicals control system at the University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia. (70) Mohammed A. Marghalani, A Systematic Design of a Proposed Model for School Library Media Center Programs in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. The main objectives of this study are to investigate, assessand analyse
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the present condition of secondary and comprehensive school libraries; to determine the attitudes of secondary and comprehensive school principals toward school library media center programs; and to design a model for developing school library media center programs in Saudi Arabia. (7 1) N. Shahla Yaghmai, Virgil P. Diodato, and Jacqueline A. Maxin, Arab-Islamic Cultures and On-Line Bibliographical Systems, Int. Libr. Rev. 18, 15-24. Discussion of international cooperation in the development of the study ofArab-Islamic culture. Forty-one countries belong to the Organization for Islamic Conference. Only 23 have national libraries of some sort, 19 have depositories, and 20 publish national bibliographies. The Bulletin of Arab Publications (BAP) is prepared by ALESCO.