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Smooth pursuit and predictive saccadic tracking in patients with OCD
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BIOLPSYCHIATRY 1994;35:615-747
plitude of P3 to A's and B's, to Y's following A's and B's, or to X's following A's. There was a significantdifference in the peak amplitude of P3 to X's following B's: schizophrenic patients showed a significantly larger P3 ampliinde than controls to X's following B's when the IS! was 5 sec. but not when the IS! was 0.85 sec. The role of the invalid cue (B) is to set up an inhibitory set to targets (X). These data therefore suggest that at longer ISis schizophrenics have a weakened inhibitory set. This may be due to the premature decay of an inhibitory trace to the invalid cue. The shorter ISi of 0.85 see is of insufficient duration to allow the inhibitory trace to decay, which accounts for the lack of difference hetween patients and controls.
213. SMOOTH PURSUIT AND PREDICTIVE SACCADIC TRACKING IN PATIENTS WITH OCD B.A. Clementz, M.N. Lam, & N.R. Swerdlow
FRIDAY, M AY 20
finding of a similar increased incidence of eye tracking abnormality in first degree relatives of schizophrenics implicates this disorder as a potential biological marker for schizophrenia. To test the assumption that the eye tracking dysfunction of schizophrenics is genetically related, left versus right pursuit gain and phase shift were obtained for 38 schizophrenics (20 familial and 18 sporadic) and for 18 normal controls. Family history status was determined through interviews with family members. Subjects • tracked pendular targets on an LED light bar moving at frequencies of.2 and .7 Hz. Their horizontal eye movements were recorded using DC-electro-oculography. Also, schizophrenic subjects were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Perseveration scores were used to identify potential differential relationships between frontal lobe function and eye tracking dysfunction for the two clinical groups. Results indicate that schizophrenics with a positive family history had significantly reduced right gain compared with controls, while right gain for negative family history schizophrenics did not differ from either group. Further, linear regression by groups analysis reveal that Wisconsin Card Sort perseveration scores significantly predicted right gain to slower targets (.2 Hz) for the positive family history group, but not for negative family history schizophrenics. The contribution of genetic and laterality variables on smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics is discussed.
Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with dysregulation of a fronto-striato-thalamo-frontal loop. Studies of ocular motor performance have been useful for investigating the effects of specific neuropa. thologies on behavior. This study was conducted to determine if OCD patients have particular and characteristic patterns of ocular motor response. Twelve patients with OCD (Age M -32.7, SD - 10.4; 42% Fe. male) and 12 nonpsychiatric comparison (Age M - 37.0, S D - 15.3; 58% Female) subjects participated. Based on previous studies and neurophysiological considerations, subjects were administered: (i) smooth pursuit (unpredictable 9 and 27 deg/sec targets); and (2) three variations (regular, 250 msec gap, and overlap) of a predictive saccadic ("square wave") tracking (0.4 Hz; +/-15 dug of visual angle) task. OCD patients had norreal steady-state pursuit gain to both target velocities (OED overall M -0.88, SD-.08; nonpsychiatric overall M-0.86, SD-. 12), but had significantly more frequent (events/see: OCD overall M-0.60, SD-.33; nonpsyehiatric overall M-0.44, SD-.24) and smaller (dug/event: OCD overall M-2.1, SD-.70; nonpsychiatric overall M-2.8, SD-.60) "catch-up" saccades during smooth pursuit than nonpsychiatric subjects (perhaps a type of position "checking" behavior). There were no differences in he. queney of "back-up" saecades or steady-state gain variability between. groups. During the gap version only, OCD patients were significantly slower to develop a predictive saecadic tracking strategy (similar to Parkinson's disease patients). The groups did not differ on any other ocular motor variable. These findings demonstrate that ocular motor studies could be helpful for addressing the behavioral consequences of OCD patients' neuropathology.
214. FAMILIAL STATUS DIFFERENTIATES SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENTS OF SCHIZOPHRENICS
215. NEUROLEPTIC EFFECTS ON CPT AND EYE TRACKING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA J.l. Epstein, R.S.E. Keefe, S.E. Lees Roitman, P.D. Harvey, M. Davidson, L.J. Siever, & R.C. Mohs Psychiatry Service (I 16A), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, VAMC, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd., Bronx, NY 10468 The effects of antipsychotie medication on visual attention and eye tracking in schizophrenia are poorly understood. Previous attempts to investigate this question have been limited by cross-sectional design, small sample size, and a failure to define precisely which neurocognitive function is affected. We have analyzed data on 23 DSM-Ill-R schizophrenics, tested within a three month period both on and off medication (minimum of 2 weeks in each condition) on two sets of cognitive tasks hypothesized to be markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia: continuous performance test (CPT) and eye Iraeking. On the CPT (3-7 version), a trend toward a decrease in mean errors of commission was seen in the medicated state (unmed-6.87+ 10.62, med=3.78:l:5.05, n-23, p<0.10). No significant difference in mean errors of omiss,:on was detected across states (unmed 6. ! 7:£-6.5I, mud - 7.87:£-9.38, n=23, p<0.18). Similarly, no significant differences in mean levels of performance across medicated and unmedicated conditions were seen for eye tracking measures, including total number of saccades, large saecades both toward and away from the target, small saecades both toward and away from the target, and gain (n- 18, all ps>0.25). These results suggest that neuroleptic status may have a minor effect on CPT errors of commission, but no significant effect on CFF errors of omission or on eye tracking.
B. Schwartz1,2, B. O'Brien 2,3, W. Evans i,2,3, F. Sautteri, & D. Winstead 1~
216. "PROBING" THE NATURE OF CPT DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH BLINK MODIFICATION
Thlane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, New Orleans, LA; 2 Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; 3 Tulane University, Department of Psychology, New Orleans, LA.
E.A. Hazlett I, M.E. Dawson 2, K.H. Nuechterlein 3, & D.L. Filion 2
Disrupted smooth pursuit eye tracking characterizes a greater proportion of individualswith schizophrenia than that of the normal population. The
~The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; 2University of Southern California; SUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA
BIOLPSYCHIATRY 1994;35:615-747
plitude of P3 to A's and B's, to Y's following A's and B's, or to X's following A's. There was a significantdifference in the peak amplitude of P3 to X's following B's: schizophrenic patients showed a significantly larger P3 ampliinde than controls to X's following B's when the IS! was 5 sec. but not when the IS! was 0.85 sec. The role of the invalid cue (B) is to set up an inhibitory set to targets (X). These data therefore suggest that at longer ISis schizophrenics have a weakened inhibitory set. This may be due to the premature decay of an inhibitory trace to the invalid cue. The shorter ISi of 0.85 see is of insufficient duration to allow the inhibitory trace to decay, which accounts for the lack of difference hetween patients and controls.
213. SMOOTH PURSUIT AND PREDICTIVE SACCADIC TRACKING IN PATIENTS WITH OCD B.A. Clementz, M.N. Lam, & N.R. Swerdlow
FRIDAY, M AY 20
finding of a similar increased incidence of eye tracking abnormality in first degree relatives of schizophrenics implicates this disorder as a potential biological marker for schizophrenia. To test the assumption that the eye tracking dysfunction of schizophrenics is genetically related, left versus right pursuit gain and phase shift were obtained for 38 schizophrenics (20 familial and 18 sporadic) and for 18 normal controls. Family history status was determined through interviews with family members. Subjects • tracked pendular targets on an LED light bar moving at frequencies of.2 and .7 Hz. Their horizontal eye movements were recorded using DC-electro-oculography. Also, schizophrenic subjects were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Perseveration scores were used to identify potential differential relationships between frontal lobe function and eye tracking dysfunction for the two clinical groups. Results indicate that schizophrenics with a positive family history had significantly reduced right gain compared with controls, while right gain for negative family history schizophrenics did not differ from either group. Further, linear regression by groups analysis reveal that Wisconsin Card Sort perseveration scores significantly predicted right gain to slower targets (.2 Hz) for the positive family history group, but not for negative family history schizophrenics. The contribution of genetic and laterality variables on smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics is discussed.
Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with dysregulation of a fronto-striato-thalamo-frontal loop. Studies of ocular motor performance have been useful for investigating the effects of specific neuropa. thologies on behavior. This study was conducted to determine if OCD patients have particular and characteristic patterns of ocular motor response. Twelve patients with OCD (Age M -32.7, SD - 10.4; 42% Fe. male) and 12 nonpsychiatric comparison (Age M - 37.0, S D - 15.3; 58% Female) subjects participated. Based on previous studies and neurophysiological considerations, subjects were administered: (i) smooth pursuit (unpredictable 9 and 27 deg/sec targets); and (2) three variations (regular, 250 msec gap, and overlap) of a predictive saccadic ("square wave") tracking (0.4 Hz; +/-15 dug of visual angle) task. OCD patients had norreal steady-state pursuit gain to both target velocities (OED overall M -0.88, SD-.08; nonpsychiatric overall M-0.86, SD-. 12), but had significantly more frequent (events/see: OCD overall M-0.60, SD-.33; nonpsyehiatric overall M-0.44, SD-.24) and smaller (dug/event: OCD overall M-2.1, SD-.70; nonpsychiatric overall M-2.8, SD-.60) "catch-up" saccades during smooth pursuit than nonpsychiatric subjects (perhaps a type of position "checking" behavior). There were no differences in he. queney of "back-up" saecades or steady-state gain variability between. groups. During the gap version only, OCD patients were significantly slower to develop a predictive saecadic tracking strategy (similar to Parkinson's disease patients). The groups did not differ on any other ocular motor variable. These findings demonstrate that ocular motor studies could be helpful for addressing the behavioral consequences of OCD patients' neuropathology.
214. FAMILIAL STATUS DIFFERENTIATES SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENTS OF SCHIZOPHRENICS
215. NEUROLEPTIC EFFECTS ON CPT AND EYE TRACKING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA J.l. Epstein, R.S.E. Keefe, S.E. Lees Roitman, P.D. Harvey, M. Davidson, L.J. Siever, & R.C. Mohs Psychiatry Service (I 16A), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, VAMC, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd., Bronx, NY 10468 The effects of antipsychotie medication on visual attention and eye tracking in schizophrenia are poorly understood. Previous attempts to investigate this question have been limited by cross-sectional design, small sample size, and a failure to define precisely which neurocognitive function is affected. We have analyzed data on 23 DSM-Ill-R schizophrenics, tested within a three month period both on and off medication (minimum of 2 weeks in each condition) on two sets of cognitive tasks hypothesized to be markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia: continuous performance test (CPT) and eye Iraeking. On the CPT (3-7 version), a trend toward a decrease in mean errors of commission was seen in the medicated state (unmed-6.87+ 10.62, med=3.78:l:5.05, n-23, p<0.10). No significant difference in mean errors of omiss,:on was detected across states (unmed 6. ! 7:£-6.5I, mud - 7.87:£-9.38, n=23, p<0.18). Similarly, no significant differences in mean levels of performance across medicated and unmedicated conditions were seen for eye tracking measures, including total number of saccades, large saecades both toward and away from the target, small saecades both toward and away from the target, and gain (n- 18, all ps>0.25). These results suggest that neuroleptic status may have a minor effect on CPT errors of commission, but no significant effect on CFF errors of omission or on eye tracking.
B. Schwartz1,2, B. O'Brien 2,3, W. Evans i,2,3, F. Sautteri, & D. Winstead 1~
216. "PROBING" THE NATURE OF CPT DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH BLINK MODIFICATION
Thlane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, New Orleans, LA; 2 Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; 3 Tulane University, Department of Psychology, New Orleans, LA.
E.A. Hazlett I, M.E. Dawson 2, K.H. Nuechterlein 3, & D.L. Filion 2
Disrupted smooth pursuit eye tracking characterizes a greater proportion of individualswith schizophrenia than that of the normal population. The
~The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; 2University of Southern California; SUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA