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Studies on the biomagnification of 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol in fish bile
403 Aquatic disposal of BRH sediments resulted in little or no detectable biological impact. None of the sublethal biological end points were substantially affected in space or time. There was a slight but transient increase in contaminant residues immediately after disposal. Recolonization of the disposal mound was rapid (days to weeks) and benthic community development is proceeding normally. In the confined upland disposal alternative, increased soil conductivity and decreased pH made the site uninhabitable for both upland plants and animals. Remedial action in the form of soil amendments and conditioners is successfully restoring soil vitality. Introduced and recolonizing flora and fauna now inhabit the intertidal disposal area. Site management rather than the nature of BRH dredged material had the greatest impact on recovery in the intertidal disposal alternative. I: N o . 11
Studies on the biomagnification of 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol in fish bile. L. F 6 r l i n 1, J. L a r s s o n 2, T . Andersson I and C.A. W a c h t m e i s t e r 3. Department oJ Zoophysiology, University of Gdteborg, S-400 31 Gdteborgl; Swedish Environment Protection Board, Brackish Water Toxicology Laboratory, Studsvik, S-611 82 Nyk6ping2; Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 3. The aim of the study was to investigate the biomagnification in fish bile of compounds directly liable to phase II metabolism and to study the use of fish bile for chemical monitoring in field exposed fish. The investigations were performed using 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol (TCG) as a model compound. This compound is found in bleach kraft mill effluents. The present study shows that TCG in two species of fish is excreted into the bile mainly as conjugate(s). In rainbow trout (SalmogairdnerOTCG was excreted into the bile almost only as the glucuronide. In fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalusquadricornis),however, significant amounts of both glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were identified. In vitro studies of the conjugation of TCG in fish showed high catalytic activity of UDP glucuronyl transferase towards the guaiacol. This enzyme activity was slightly increased in fish pretreated with/~-naphthoflavone, a potent cytochrome P-450 inducer. In fourhorn sculpin exposed to 2, 0.2 or 0.05 #g/L of radioactive labeled TCG for 20 or 33 days, bile to water bioconcentration factors were 100- to 10 000 times higher than those for liver and muscle. The results from fish exposed to 2 #g/L seem to indicate an impaired biotransformation. During the course of exposure of fish to 0.2 or 0.05 #g/L, the pattern of conjugates excreted into the bile changed. In the beginning of the 33-day exposure period, a glucuronide/sulfate ratio of 3.6 was found. After 20 days, this ratio was 1.7. The data seem to indicate that changes in water concentrations of the guaiacol are reflected by changes in bile metabolites concentration. The results seem promising for use with fish from areas where this compound is released. This work is supported by grants from the Swedish Environment Protection Board. I: N o . 12
T u m o r development in American oysters and winter flounder exposed to a contaminated marine sediment under laboratory and field conditions. G.R. G a r d n e r 1, P.P.
Y e v i c h 1, A . R .
M a l c o l m 1, P . F . g o g e r s o n 1, L . J . M i l l s 2, A . G .
S e n e c a l 3, T . C .
Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. E.P.A., Narragansett, RI 028821, Science Applications International Corporation, Narragansett, RI 028822; College of Resource Development, University oJ Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 028813; Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 205604; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, AID 20814, U.S.A. 5 L e e 3, J . C . H a r s h b e r g e r 4 a n d T . P . C a m e r o n 5.
Studies on the biomagnification of 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol in fish bile. L. F 6 r l i n 1, J. L a r s s o n 2, T . Andersson I and C.A. W a c h t m e i s t e r 3. Department oJ Zoophysiology, University of Gdteborg, S-400 31 Gdteborgl; Swedish Environment Protection Board, Brackish Water Toxicology Laboratory, Studsvik, S-611 82 Nyk6ping2; Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 3. The aim of the study was to investigate the biomagnification in fish bile of compounds directly liable to phase II metabolism and to study the use of fish bile for chemical monitoring in field exposed fish. The investigations were performed using 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol (TCG) as a model compound. This compound is found in bleach kraft mill effluents. The present study shows that TCG in two species of fish is excreted into the bile mainly as conjugate(s). In rainbow trout (SalmogairdnerOTCG was excreted into the bile almost only as the glucuronide. In fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalusquadricornis),however, significant amounts of both glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were identified. In vitro studies of the conjugation of TCG in fish showed high catalytic activity of UDP glucuronyl transferase towards the guaiacol. This enzyme activity was slightly increased in fish pretreated with/~-naphthoflavone, a potent cytochrome P-450 inducer. In fourhorn sculpin exposed to 2, 0.2 or 0.05 #g/L of radioactive labeled TCG for 20 or 33 days, bile to water bioconcentration factors were 100- to 10 000 times higher than those for liver and muscle. The results from fish exposed to 2 #g/L seem to indicate an impaired biotransformation. During the course of exposure of fish to 0.2 or 0.05 #g/L, the pattern of conjugates excreted into the bile changed. In the beginning of the 33-day exposure period, a glucuronide/sulfate ratio of 3.6 was found. After 20 days, this ratio was 1.7. The data seem to indicate that changes in water concentrations of the guaiacol are reflected by changes in bile metabolites concentration. The results seem promising for use with fish from areas where this compound is released. This work is supported by grants from the Swedish Environment Protection Board. I: N o . 12
T u m o r development in American oysters and winter flounder exposed to a contaminated marine sediment under laboratory and field conditions. G.R. G a r d n e r 1, P.P.
Y e v i c h 1, A . R .
M a l c o l m 1, P . F . g o g e r s o n 1, L . J . M i l l s 2, A . G .
S e n e c a l 3, T . C .
Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. E.P.A., Narragansett, RI 028821, Science Applications International Corporation, Narragansett, RI 028822; College of Resource Development, University oJ Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 028813; Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 205604; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, AID 20814, U.S.A. 5 L e e 3, J . C . H a r s h b e r g e r 4 a n d T . P . C a m e r o n 5.