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Taenia solium cysticercosis: from basic to clinical science
VIRULENCE OF VARIOLA VIRUSES FOR SUCKLING MICE i n o c u l a t e d variola virus f r o m the first egg passage in t h e i r e x p e r i m e n t s (J. K. Sarkar, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a tion). W e suggest t h a t some of Sarkar & M i t r a ' s specim e n s m a y have c o n t a i n e d a lot of inactive virus, some of w h i c h was carried over into t h e first harvest f r o m C A M a n d interfered with t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of the intracranial infection in t h e i r i n o c u l a t e d mice. T h i s interp r e t a t i o n c o n f o r m s to some u n p u b l i s h e d e x p e r i m e n t s of o n e of us (K. D.). Virulence for b a b y mice paralleled t h a t previously r e p o r t e d for chick e m b r y o s ( D u m b e l l & H u q , 1986), except t h a t all the African isolates were significantly m o r e v i r u l e n t for mice t h a n for chick embryos. Virulence of variola for b a b y mice thus differed f r o m isolate to isolate and, for some variola isolates, was m a r k e d l y different f r o m t h e i r virulence for chick embryos. T h e s e two laboratory virulence tests m a y t h u s act as i n d e p e n d e n t markers for variola virus isolates, b u t show only a n i n c o m p l e t e correlation w i t h virulence for h u m a n s .
Acknowledgements Most of the experiments were done at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Study and Research on Variola Viruses at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, U K during the tenure (1969-72) of a WHO training grant by F. H. The remaining experiments were done in the Institute of Public Health, Mokahali, Dhaka, Bangladesh by F. H. during a period of study leave while working for her PhD thesis. Gratitude is expressed to the WHO for financial support of F. H. and of the work reported here, and to St Mary's Hospital Medical School for hosting the Collaborating Centre.
References Bauer, D. J. (1960). Some applications of a single-dilution method of titrating neurotropic viruses in zero mortality (DO) units. British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 41, 130-139. Bauer, D. J., Dumbell, K. R., Fox-Hulme, P. & Sadler, P. W. (1962). The chemotherapy of variola major infection. Bulletin of the WorldHealth Organization, 26, 727-732. Brown, A., Eisner, V. & Officer, J. E. (1960). Growth and
Book Review] T a e n i a s o l i u m Cysticercosis: F r o m Basic to C l i n ical S c i e n c e . G. S i n g h & S. P r a b h a k a r (editors). Wallingford: C A B I Publishing, 2002. xv + 458 pp. Price 85.00/US$149. ISBN 0-85199-628-0. T h e title includes the p h r a s e ' f r o m basic to clinical science' a n d this is pretty m u c h w h a t you get in this book. M o s t of the great a n d the good in the field have c o n t r i b u t e d to a total of 44 chapters organized into six sections; Basic Science, Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, Pathology, Neurocysticercosis: Investigational
99 passage of variola virus in mouse brain. Proceedings of the Societyfor Experimental Biology and Medicine, 104, 605. Dumbell, K. R. & Huq, F. (1986). The virology of variola minor. AmericanJournal of Epidemiology, 123, 403-415. Dumbell, K. R., Bedson, H. S. & Rossier, E. (1961). The laboratory differentiation between variola major and variola minor. Bulletin of the WorldHealth Organization, 25, 73-78. Helbert, D. (1957). Smallpox and alastrim. Use of the chick embryo to distinguish between the viruses of variola major and variola minor. Lancet, 1, 1012-1014. Marennikova, S. S. & Kaptsova, T. I. (1965). Age-dependence of susceptibility of white mice to variola virus. Acta Virologica, 9, 230-234. Marshall, R. R. & Gerone, P. J. (1961). Susceptibility of suckling mice to variola virus. Journal of Bacteriology, 82, 15-19. Mayr, A. & Herrlich, A. (1960). Zfichtung des variolavirus in der infantilen maus. Archiv fur die Gesgimte Virusforschung, 10, 226-235. Nakano, J. H. (1978). Comparative diagnosis of poxvirus diseases. In: Comparative Diagnosis of Viral Diseases: Human and Related Viruses, vol. 1, part A, Kurstak, E. & Kurstak, C. (editors). New York: Academic Press, p. 287. Nelson, J. B. (1939). The behavior of pox viruses in the respiratory tract. II. Response of mice to the nasal installation of variola virus. Journal of Experimemal Medicine, 70, 107-115. Rabinovitz, E. & Bernkopf, H. (1952). Susceptibility of suckling mice to infection with vaccinia and variola viruses. Bulletin of the Research Councilof Israel, 2, 207. Sarkar, J. K. & Mitra, A. C. (1967). Virulence of variola viruses isolated from smallpox cases of varying severity. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 55, 13-20. Sarkar, J. K. & Mitra, A. C. (1968). A search for the causes of severity in smallpox. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 51, 272-274. Sarkar, J. K., Neogy, K. N. & Lahini, D. C. (1959). Behaviour of variola and vaccinia viruses in mice. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 32, 279.
Received 23 April 2002; revised 23 August 2002; accepted for publication 29 August 2002
Aspects, a n d Taeniasis-Cysticercosis: T h e r a p y a n d Prevention. Inevitably there is some overlap b e t w e e n sections, b u t this is p e r h a p s u n a v o i d a b l e a n d to b e w e l c o m e d to e n a b l e cross-referencing to b e m a d e . As a parasitologist, r a t h e r t h a n a clinician, I s h o u l d h a v e appreciated m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n o n basic science. T h e b o o k is p r o d u c e d to t h e usual h i g h s t a n d a r d s of C A B I , a n d it s h o u l d b e a h i g h priority for library and, w h e r e appropriate, individual purchase.
Chris A r m e School of Life Sciences Keele University Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
Acknowledgements Most of the experiments were done at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Study and Research on Variola Viruses at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, U K during the tenure (1969-72) of a WHO training grant by F. H. The remaining experiments were done in the Institute of Public Health, Mokahali, Dhaka, Bangladesh by F. H. during a period of study leave while working for her PhD thesis. Gratitude is expressed to the WHO for financial support of F. H. and of the work reported here, and to St Mary's Hospital Medical School for hosting the Collaborating Centre.
References Bauer, D. J. (1960). Some applications of a single-dilution method of titrating neurotropic viruses in zero mortality (DO) units. British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 41, 130-139. Bauer, D. J., Dumbell, K. R., Fox-Hulme, P. & Sadler, P. W. (1962). The chemotherapy of variola major infection. Bulletin of the WorldHealth Organization, 26, 727-732. Brown, A., Eisner, V. & Officer, J. E. (1960). Growth and
Book Review] T a e n i a s o l i u m Cysticercosis: F r o m Basic to C l i n ical S c i e n c e . G. S i n g h & S. P r a b h a k a r (editors). Wallingford: C A B I Publishing, 2002. xv + 458 pp. Price 85.00/US$149. ISBN 0-85199-628-0. T h e title includes the p h r a s e ' f r o m basic to clinical science' a n d this is pretty m u c h w h a t you get in this book. M o s t of the great a n d the good in the field have c o n t r i b u t e d to a total of 44 chapters organized into six sections; Basic Science, Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, Pathology, Neurocysticercosis: Investigational
99 passage of variola virus in mouse brain. Proceedings of the Societyfor Experimental Biology and Medicine, 104, 605. Dumbell, K. R. & Huq, F. (1986). The virology of variola minor. AmericanJournal of Epidemiology, 123, 403-415. Dumbell, K. R., Bedson, H. S. & Rossier, E. (1961). The laboratory differentiation between variola major and variola minor. Bulletin of the WorldHealth Organization, 25, 73-78. Helbert, D. (1957). Smallpox and alastrim. Use of the chick embryo to distinguish between the viruses of variola major and variola minor. Lancet, 1, 1012-1014. Marennikova, S. S. & Kaptsova, T. I. (1965). Age-dependence of susceptibility of white mice to variola virus. Acta Virologica, 9, 230-234. Marshall, R. R. & Gerone, P. J. (1961). Susceptibility of suckling mice to variola virus. Journal of Bacteriology, 82, 15-19. Mayr, A. & Herrlich, A. (1960). Zfichtung des variolavirus in der infantilen maus. Archiv fur die Gesgimte Virusforschung, 10, 226-235. Nakano, J. H. (1978). Comparative diagnosis of poxvirus diseases. In: Comparative Diagnosis of Viral Diseases: Human and Related Viruses, vol. 1, part A, Kurstak, E. & Kurstak, C. (editors). New York: Academic Press, p. 287. Nelson, J. B. (1939). The behavior of pox viruses in the respiratory tract. II. Response of mice to the nasal installation of variola virus. Journal of Experimemal Medicine, 70, 107-115. Rabinovitz, E. & Bernkopf, H. (1952). Susceptibility of suckling mice to infection with vaccinia and variola viruses. Bulletin of the Research Councilof Israel, 2, 207. Sarkar, J. K. & Mitra, A. C. (1967). Virulence of variola viruses isolated from smallpox cases of varying severity. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 55, 13-20. Sarkar, J. K. & Mitra, A. C. (1968). A search for the causes of severity in smallpox. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 51, 272-274. Sarkar, J. K., Neogy, K. N. & Lahini, D. C. (1959). Behaviour of variola and vaccinia viruses in mice. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 32, 279.
Received 23 April 2002; revised 23 August 2002; accepted for publication 29 August 2002
Aspects, a n d Taeniasis-Cysticercosis: T h e r a p y a n d Prevention. Inevitably there is some overlap b e t w e e n sections, b u t this is p e r h a p s u n a v o i d a b l e a n d to b e w e l c o m e d to e n a b l e cross-referencing to b e m a d e . As a parasitologist, r a t h e r t h a n a clinician, I s h o u l d h a v e appreciated m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n o n basic science. T h e b o o k is p r o d u c e d to t h e usual h i g h s t a n d a r d s of C A B I , a n d it s h o u l d b e a h i g h priority for library and, w h e r e appropriate, individual purchase.
Chris A r m e School of Life Sciences Keele University Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK