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Testicular growth in puberty
702
ABSTRACTS
both girls and boys came from the same or from a similar environment. In the authors opinion, it is probable that a lowering of the living standard causes quicker reactions in boys, which result in retardation in the growth of body dimensions. Girls would be better channelled in their development and would therefore respond more slowly to the environmental changes, and this is still reflected in their body dimensions. This interpretation is confirmed by the fact that greater differences mainly concern body length and head circumference, that is features which are less ccosensitive, than body weight, which is more dependent on environmental conditions.
Testicular Growth in Puberty, by M. Novakovic (Univerzitct u Tuzli, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za biologiju i h u m a n u genetiku, 75000 Tuzla, Yugoslavia) Dynamics of testicular (volume) growlh in the population from Tuzla Region (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) has been studied on a sample of boys (n - 1349) aged between 11 and 19. The correlation between this maturity process and the development of some secondary sex characters (penis growth and appearance of" pubic hair) was examined. It was found that a significant testicular growth increase begins in the 1 I th year and is especially high during the 13th year; in 80% of the examined boys, maximal testicular volume was reached in the 17th year. In eotmection with testicular function the expected gonadotropin secretion phenomenon was established and these changes were followed by the development of the observed secondary sex characters.
Secular Trend in Slovenia and Ljubljana from 1939 to 1981 in School Children, by Tatjana Tomazo-Ravnik (Department of Anthropology, Biotechnical Faculty, University Edvard Kardelj, I~jub!jana, Yugoslavia) The phenomenon of the secular trend in children aged 7 14 in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia and its capital Ljubljana was investigated. The available data cover stature and body weight in the years 1939, 1940, 1959, 1970/1, 1977 and 1977/78 for Slovenia and in the years 1939/49, 1954/66, 1969/70 and 1974/81 for Ljubljana. T h e increase of stature and weight was analysed. The greatest increase in both parameters appears in the period from 1959 to 1970. Subsequently, the rate of growth diminishes. The influence of Second World W a r did not reflect on stature in a statistically significant way, while body weight shows significant change. Until the age of 11 in both sexes negative diffcrences which are statistically significant are observed.
Growth and Maturation of Hungarian Urban and Rural Children in Relation with Socio-economic Factors, by E. Panto & O. G. Eibcn (Department of Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary) The authors analyse growth process and maturation of urban and rural children in two regions of H u n g a r y (as a part of their nation-wide cross-sectional growth study), in relationship with the socio-economic factors influencing this process. Tile regions differ from each other: Region A is a highly industrialized, region B is an agricultural onc. Socio-economic and health status of the populations as well as interpersonal relations of the children are different. The authors demonstrate the effect of these factors upon the body measurements and maturation as well as in the body build of the children.
Genetic Aspects of Puberty and Sexual Differentiation: a Study of Twins, by L. Tzacheva (Institute of Morphology, Bas-Sofia, Bulgaria) The period ofscxual maturation is one of the most dynamic in the process of physical development in children. No doubt the factors of modern environment have an influence on the very early appearance of puberty. Nevertheless, according to some data from the literature, sexual differentiation and maturation are under genetic control. T h e degree of influence can be determined by genealogic studies and studies of twins. This work is part of a large longitudinal investigation of twins from Sofia traced through 12 years. The sample includes i27 twins aged six to 18, 64 of those monozygotes and 63 unisexual dizygotic. The results so tar obtained are very important for prognoses on the physical development of children as regards pathology and professional and sport orientation.
ABSTRACTS
both girls and boys came from the same or from a similar environment. In the authors opinion, it is probable that a lowering of the living standard causes quicker reactions in boys, which result in retardation in the growth of body dimensions. Girls would be better channelled in their development and would therefore respond more slowly to the environmental changes, and this is still reflected in their body dimensions. This interpretation is confirmed by the fact that greater differences mainly concern body length and head circumference, that is features which are less ccosensitive, than body weight, which is more dependent on environmental conditions.
Testicular Growth in Puberty, by M. Novakovic (Univerzitct u Tuzli, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za biologiju i h u m a n u genetiku, 75000 Tuzla, Yugoslavia) Dynamics of testicular (volume) growlh in the population from Tuzla Region (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) has been studied on a sample of boys (n - 1349) aged between 11 and 19. The correlation between this maturity process and the development of some secondary sex characters (penis growth and appearance of" pubic hair) was examined. It was found that a significant testicular growth increase begins in the 1 I th year and is especially high during the 13th year; in 80% of the examined boys, maximal testicular volume was reached in the 17th year. In eotmection with testicular function the expected gonadotropin secretion phenomenon was established and these changes were followed by the development of the observed secondary sex characters.
Secular Trend in Slovenia and Ljubljana from 1939 to 1981 in School Children, by Tatjana Tomazo-Ravnik (Department of Anthropology, Biotechnical Faculty, University Edvard Kardelj, I~jub!jana, Yugoslavia) The phenomenon of the secular trend in children aged 7 14 in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia and its capital Ljubljana was investigated. The available data cover stature and body weight in the years 1939, 1940, 1959, 1970/1, 1977 and 1977/78 for Slovenia and in the years 1939/49, 1954/66, 1969/70 and 1974/81 for Ljubljana. T h e increase of stature and weight was analysed. The greatest increase in both parameters appears in the period from 1959 to 1970. Subsequently, the rate of growth diminishes. The influence of Second World W a r did not reflect on stature in a statistically significant way, while body weight shows significant change. Until the age of 11 in both sexes negative diffcrences which are statistically significant are observed.
Growth and Maturation of Hungarian Urban and Rural Children in Relation with Socio-economic Factors, by E. Panto & O. G. Eibcn (Department of Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary) The authors analyse growth process and maturation of urban and rural children in two regions of H u n g a r y (as a part of their nation-wide cross-sectional growth study), in relationship with the socio-economic factors influencing this process. Tile regions differ from each other: Region A is a highly industrialized, region B is an agricultural onc. Socio-economic and health status of the populations as well as interpersonal relations of the children are different. The authors demonstrate the effect of these factors upon the body measurements and maturation as well as in the body build of the children.
Genetic Aspects of Puberty and Sexual Differentiation: a Study of Twins, by L. Tzacheva (Institute of Morphology, Bas-Sofia, Bulgaria) The period ofscxual maturation is one of the most dynamic in the process of physical development in children. No doubt the factors of modern environment have an influence on the very early appearance of puberty. Nevertheless, according to some data from the literature, sexual differentiation and maturation are under genetic control. T h e degree of influence can be determined by genealogic studies and studies of twins. This work is part of a large longitudinal investigation of twins from Sofia traced through 12 years. The sample includes i27 twins aged six to 18, 64 of those monozygotes and 63 unisexual dizygotic. The results so tar obtained are very important for prognoses on the physical development of children as regards pathology and professional and sport orientation.