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Tetanus in a Young Calf
ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS.
IODOFORM ED ETHER TO PREVENT LOSS OF SKIN AFTER FIRING. To prevent the loss of skin, which is one of the gravest accidents that may follow firing, Professor Nocard recommends a spray of iodoformed ether. It causes the pain to disappear almost immediately in most cases, and when the eschar separates the wound is found to be already covered by epidermis and in a fair way to cicatrisation. Its good effects appear due to its power of suppressing pruritis and opposing bacterial infection.-Recueil de lI£Cd. Vet., August 189 I.
A CASE OF SPORADIC PLEURO-PNEUMONIA IN A COW. A three-year-old cow, which had been thirty-six weeks in the possession of the last owner, was slaughtered on account of cough and progressive emaciation. When the district veterinary surgeon (Avril) came to examine the carcase, he found in the under half of the left lung a lesion presenting all the characters of contagious pleuro-pneumonia. On the cut surface the interstitial and interlobular tissue appeared considerably thickened by a serous exudation of a whitish-yellow colour; these thickened septa circumscribed angular fields filled with hepatised lobules. The bronchial twigs in the diseased part had their lumen narrowed through hyper::emia of the mucosa; and contained yellowish, purulent, frothy, foul-smelling serum. The other portions of the lung and also the lymphatic glands were perfectly normal. There was neither suppuration nor gangrene, and there was no exudation or deposit in the pleural cavity. It was not known from what place this cow had been brought before her last owner bought her in the market, but she was noticed to have a cough immediately after she was purchased. Before she was killed she stood for thirty-six weeks in the same byre with other five cattle, but neither then nor afterwards did any of these animals show signs of lung affection.Wochensdlrift ./tir Thierlzeilkunde lind Viehztlcltf, September 189 I.
TETANUS IN A YOUNG CALF. PROFESSOR HESS of the Berne Veterinary College, in recording the following case, observes that in the clinique at that institution cases of tetanus are now and again observed in horses, and also in ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). Two of the cases observed in cattle were in cows eight days after calving, and in one of these the placenta was partially retained. In young calves only the following case had been encountered. On the 12th November 1889 Hess was called to see a calf, which had been calved on the 30th of October. The animal had taken very little milk since the loth November, and on examination the owner had found that there was disease of the navel, the stump of the cord having then dropped oft: The calf, on the occasion of Hess's visit, was carried out of the byre into a yard, and when placed there it was unable to walk. There was marked general sturbance; the rectal temperature was 39'5° c., pulse small and 120 per
ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS.
minute, respirations laboured and 32. There was pronounced opisthotonos; the calf stood with its feet planted out, the expression was anxious, and the eyes were retracted in their sockets. The muzzle was dry, and even by exercising great force the jaws could not be separated (trismus). The muscles of mastication were as hard as a board, as were also those of the neck, back, and limbs, rendering the joints immobile. A large quantity of yellowish stinking pus flowed from the inflamed and painful umbilical vein, which was as large as the little finger. The condition was diagnosed as tetanus in consequence of purulent omphalo-phlebitis, and the calf was therefore slaughtered. It was regarded as probable that the animal while lying down had forcibly and prematurely torn off the umbilical cord with its feet, after which a purulent inflammation of the umbilical vein and tetanus had developed.-SclzweizerArchizi fiir Tlzierlzeilkunde, 1890.
A CASE OF SUPERFCETATION IN A MARE. IN the Rez'ue Vl:tfrinaire for August 1891 Professor Malet records a very interesting case, which proves incontestably the possibility of superfcetation in the mare. As a rule impregnation puts a stop to cestrum, and that does not reappear until after parturition. According to M. Saint-Cyr, the female domestic animals refuse the male six to eight days after a fruitful copulation, but, as Professor Malet remarks, exceptions to this rule are not rare, and well known to breeders. Mares that have already conceived frequently take the stallion readily, even although the pregnancy has already lasted for several months, and the same is seen in the cow, but more rarely. The question whether impregnation may follow such a second copulation has been disputed. It is necessary to draw a distinction between this phenomenon, which is properly termed supojlJ'tatio1Z, and two others with which it is sometimes confounded, viz., simultaneous fecundation, and supojeculldation. Simultaneous fecundation is applied to cases in which several ova simultaneously extruded are fertilised by the same male, while superfecundation denotes the fertilisation of ova of the same period by different males. The following case is undoubtedly an example of superfcetation : A mare, aged 14 years, was covered with a donkey on the 18th, 19th, and 25th March, and 8th April, 1890; and then with a stallion on the 8th May. These dates were registered in the establishment to which the mare belonged, and they have been verified by Professor Malet. Eleven months after the first service by the donkey, and ten months after the single service by the stallion, the mare gave birth to two young, viz., a mule and a foal. Parturition was laborious, owing to a mal-presentation of the mule. This mule, which was small for the breed, was never able to stand alone, but it lived for three days. The foal, born dead, was expelled without difficulty. Its development was incomplete, the only hairs present being on the tail and mane.
THE TREATMENT OF EQUINE PURPURA HlEMORRHAGICA. IN his annual report for 1888 Dr Huytra, of the Veterinary College in BudaPesth refers to the treatment of purpura ha;morrhagica of the horse. Four cases of this disease were treated with extract. fluid. hydrastis canadensis; the dose given was 5 grammes (a gramme = 15 grains nearly) dissolved in 10 grammes of water, and this was given twice daily by subcutaneous injection. In the four horses thus treated a diminution in the size of the cedema-
IODOFORM ED ETHER TO PREVENT LOSS OF SKIN AFTER FIRING. To prevent the loss of skin, which is one of the gravest accidents that may follow firing, Professor Nocard recommends a spray of iodoformed ether. It causes the pain to disappear almost immediately in most cases, and when the eschar separates the wound is found to be already covered by epidermis and in a fair way to cicatrisation. Its good effects appear due to its power of suppressing pruritis and opposing bacterial infection.-Recueil de lI£Cd. Vet., August 189 I.
A CASE OF SPORADIC PLEURO-PNEUMONIA IN A COW. A three-year-old cow, which had been thirty-six weeks in the possession of the last owner, was slaughtered on account of cough and progressive emaciation. When the district veterinary surgeon (Avril) came to examine the carcase, he found in the under half of the left lung a lesion presenting all the characters of contagious pleuro-pneumonia. On the cut surface the interstitial and interlobular tissue appeared considerably thickened by a serous exudation of a whitish-yellow colour; these thickened septa circumscribed angular fields filled with hepatised lobules. The bronchial twigs in the diseased part had their lumen narrowed through hyper::emia of the mucosa; and contained yellowish, purulent, frothy, foul-smelling serum. The other portions of the lung and also the lymphatic glands were perfectly normal. There was neither suppuration nor gangrene, and there was no exudation or deposit in the pleural cavity. It was not known from what place this cow had been brought before her last owner bought her in the market, but she was noticed to have a cough immediately after she was purchased. Before she was killed she stood for thirty-six weeks in the same byre with other five cattle, but neither then nor afterwards did any of these animals show signs of lung affection.Wochensdlrift ./tir Thierlzeilkunde lind Viehztlcltf, September 189 I.
TETANUS IN A YOUNG CALF. PROFESSOR HESS of the Berne Veterinary College, in recording the following case, observes that in the clinique at that institution cases of tetanus are now and again observed in horses, and also in ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). Two of the cases observed in cattle were in cows eight days after calving, and in one of these the placenta was partially retained. In young calves only the following case had been encountered. On the 12th November 1889 Hess was called to see a calf, which had been calved on the 30th of October. The animal had taken very little milk since the loth November, and on examination the owner had found that there was disease of the navel, the stump of the cord having then dropped oft: The calf, on the occasion of Hess's visit, was carried out of the byre into a yard, and when placed there it was unable to walk. There was marked general sturbance; the rectal temperature was 39'5° c., pulse small and 120 per
ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS.
minute, respirations laboured and 32. There was pronounced opisthotonos; the calf stood with its feet planted out, the expression was anxious, and the eyes were retracted in their sockets. The muzzle was dry, and even by exercising great force the jaws could not be separated (trismus). The muscles of mastication were as hard as a board, as were also those of the neck, back, and limbs, rendering the joints immobile. A large quantity of yellowish stinking pus flowed from the inflamed and painful umbilical vein, which was as large as the little finger. The condition was diagnosed as tetanus in consequence of purulent omphalo-phlebitis, and the calf was therefore slaughtered. It was regarded as probable that the animal while lying down had forcibly and prematurely torn off the umbilical cord with its feet, after which a purulent inflammation of the umbilical vein and tetanus had developed.-SclzweizerArchizi fiir Tlzierlzeilkunde, 1890.
A CASE OF SUPERFCETATION IN A MARE. IN the Rez'ue Vl:tfrinaire for August 1891 Professor Malet records a very interesting case, which proves incontestably the possibility of superfcetation in the mare. As a rule impregnation puts a stop to cestrum, and that does not reappear until after parturition. According to M. Saint-Cyr, the female domestic animals refuse the male six to eight days after a fruitful copulation, but, as Professor Malet remarks, exceptions to this rule are not rare, and well known to breeders. Mares that have already conceived frequently take the stallion readily, even although the pregnancy has already lasted for several months, and the same is seen in the cow, but more rarely. The question whether impregnation may follow such a second copulation has been disputed. It is necessary to draw a distinction between this phenomenon, which is properly termed supojlJ'tatio1Z, and two others with which it is sometimes confounded, viz., simultaneous fecundation, and supojeculldation. Simultaneous fecundation is applied to cases in which several ova simultaneously extruded are fertilised by the same male, while superfecundation denotes the fertilisation of ova of the same period by different males. The following case is undoubtedly an example of superfcetation : A mare, aged 14 years, was covered with a donkey on the 18th, 19th, and 25th March, and 8th April, 1890; and then with a stallion on the 8th May. These dates were registered in the establishment to which the mare belonged, and they have been verified by Professor Malet. Eleven months after the first service by the donkey, and ten months after the single service by the stallion, the mare gave birth to two young, viz., a mule and a foal. Parturition was laborious, owing to a mal-presentation of the mule. This mule, which was small for the breed, was never able to stand alone, but it lived for three days. The foal, born dead, was expelled without difficulty. Its development was incomplete, the only hairs present being on the tail and mane.
THE TREATMENT OF EQUINE PURPURA HlEMORRHAGICA. IN his annual report for 1888 Dr Huytra, of the Veterinary College in BudaPesth refers to the treatment of purpura ha;morrhagica of the horse. Four cases of this disease were treated with extract. fluid. hydrastis canadensis; the dose given was 5 grammes (a gramme = 15 grains nearly) dissolved in 10 grammes of water, and this was given twice daily by subcutaneous injection. In the four horses thus treated a diminution in the size of the cedema-