- Email: [email protected]
Tetracyclines and Egg Shell Calcification
Research Notes TETRACYCLINES AND EGG SHELL CALCIFICATION ILMARI LINDGREN AND TIMO NEVALAINEN Department of Pathological Anatomy AND JUHANI KOHONEN Department of Zoology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Received for publication June 30, 1970)
study whether tetracycline or oxytetracycline interfers with egg shell calcification. Tetracycline or oxytetracycline (Pfizer, 100 mg./kg. of body weight) was injected intramusculary in regularly laying White Leghorn hens. A bright yellow fluorescence indicated the presence of the tetracyclines
FIG. 1. A SO u.. section of an egg laid by a hen given an intramuscular injection of 100 mg./kg. of body weight of oxytetracycline 24 hours earlier. Ziess UV light (lamp HBO 200) with filter BG 12. The specific tetracycline fluorescence is in the egg shell.
1357
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Georgia on June 24, 2015
Tetracyclines incorporate in bones and inhibit bone calcification in vivo and in vitro (Saxen, 1966). Oxytetracycline is deposited also in calcifying egg shells (Urist and Ibsen, 1963), which consist mainly of calcium carbonate as calcite crystals rather than apatite (Richardson, 1935). We aimed to
1358
RESEARCH NOTES
It was concluded that tetracycline and oxytetracycline were deposited in the shell of the calcifying egg, but they did not inhibit egg shell calcification. REFERENCES Hayes, J. E., and M. G. DuBuy, 1964. A simple method for quantitative estimation of tetracycline antibiotics. Analyt. Biochem. 7: 322-327. Richardson, K. C, 193S. The secretory phenomena in the oviduct of fowl, including the process of shell formation examined by the micro-incineration technique. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London) Series B, 22 S: 149-195. Saxen, L., 1966. Effect of tetracycline on osteogenesis in vitro. J. Exp. Zool. 162: 269-294. Urist, M. R., and K. H. Ibsen, 1963. Chemical reactivity of mineralized tissue with oxytetracycline. Arch. Path. 76: 484-496.
DEPRESSION OF PLASMA a-TOCOPHEROL LEVEL IN CHICKS INFECTED WITH AVIAN LEUKOSIS M. SAADAT-NOORI AND M. AFNAN
Nutrition Research Laboratory and Avian Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Received for publication July 2, 1970)
During the course of a study on the nutritional status of poultry around Tehran, it was found that 1.0280 mg. a-tocopherol per 100 ml. of plasma was present in the chicks fed a basal diet supplemented with 10 mg. a-tocopherol acetate per kg. of feed. The same study also revealed that 0.420 ± 0.020 mg. a-tocopherol per 100 ml. of plasma was present in the chicks fed a commercial type diet (Saadat-Noori et al, 1970). With no preliminary objective to establish any correlation between a complex and a condition, a series of chicks infected with avian leukosis obtained from the flocks around Tehran were sacrificed and blood samples were analyzed for a-tocopherol. The chicks examined were of vari-
ous breeds and were, on the average, 8 weeks old. They represented a stratified random population of the flocks examined. Viral infection was diagnosed by gross observation confirmed by histopathological examination. A total of 130 samples obtained from 3 flocks of 5200 chicks with acute classical Marek's disease, which had been fed a commercial type diet, was analyzed. The results obtained indicated that the mean and standard deviation values of plasma atocopherol in infected chicks examined were 0.200 ± 0.015 mg. percent, respectively. No histological lesion due to nutritional encephalomalacia was observed. This is compatible with the finding of other investigators that feeding fats rich in
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Georgia on June 24, 2015
in the egg shells when the eggs were studied in UV-light (Fig. 1). Control eggs did not fluoresce. The concentration of oxytetracycline in the egg shell, albumen, and yolk was measured by UV-absorption spectrofluorometry (Hayes and DuBuy, 1964). Oxytetracycline was deposited mainly in the shell (0.182 ± 0.028 iig./gm., mean ± SD), and albumen (0.190 ± 0.030 !*g./gm.) whereas the yolk contained only traces of oxytetracycline. The dry weight of the control egg shells was 4.79 ± 0.39 gm. (mean ± SD). The dry weight of the egg shells showing fluorescence was 4.66 ± 0.63 gm. and 4.85 ± 0.41 gm. after tetracycline and oxytetracycline injections respectively.
study whether tetracycline or oxytetracycline interfers with egg shell calcification. Tetracycline or oxytetracycline (Pfizer, 100 mg./kg. of body weight) was injected intramusculary in regularly laying White Leghorn hens. A bright yellow fluorescence indicated the presence of the tetracyclines
FIG. 1. A SO u.. section of an egg laid by a hen given an intramuscular injection of 100 mg./kg. of body weight of oxytetracycline 24 hours earlier. Ziess UV light (lamp HBO 200) with filter BG 12. The specific tetracycline fluorescence is in the egg shell.
1357
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Georgia on June 24, 2015
Tetracyclines incorporate in bones and inhibit bone calcification in vivo and in vitro (Saxen, 1966). Oxytetracycline is deposited also in calcifying egg shells (Urist and Ibsen, 1963), which consist mainly of calcium carbonate as calcite crystals rather than apatite (Richardson, 1935). We aimed to
1358
RESEARCH NOTES
It was concluded that tetracycline and oxytetracycline were deposited in the shell of the calcifying egg, but they did not inhibit egg shell calcification. REFERENCES Hayes, J. E., and M. G. DuBuy, 1964. A simple method for quantitative estimation of tetracycline antibiotics. Analyt. Biochem. 7: 322-327. Richardson, K. C, 193S. The secretory phenomena in the oviduct of fowl, including the process of shell formation examined by the micro-incineration technique. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London) Series B, 22 S: 149-195. Saxen, L., 1966. Effect of tetracycline on osteogenesis in vitro. J. Exp. Zool. 162: 269-294. Urist, M. R., and K. H. Ibsen, 1963. Chemical reactivity of mineralized tissue with oxytetracycline. Arch. Path. 76: 484-496.
DEPRESSION OF PLASMA a-TOCOPHEROL LEVEL IN CHICKS INFECTED WITH AVIAN LEUKOSIS M. SAADAT-NOORI AND M. AFNAN
Nutrition Research Laboratory and Avian Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Received for publication July 2, 1970)
During the course of a study on the nutritional status of poultry around Tehran, it was found that 1.0280 mg. a-tocopherol per 100 ml. of plasma was present in the chicks fed a basal diet supplemented with 10 mg. a-tocopherol acetate per kg. of feed. The same study also revealed that 0.420 ± 0.020 mg. a-tocopherol per 100 ml. of plasma was present in the chicks fed a commercial type diet (Saadat-Noori et al, 1970). With no preliminary objective to establish any correlation between a complex and a condition, a series of chicks infected with avian leukosis obtained from the flocks around Tehran were sacrificed and blood samples were analyzed for a-tocopherol. The chicks examined were of vari-
ous breeds and were, on the average, 8 weeks old. They represented a stratified random population of the flocks examined. Viral infection was diagnosed by gross observation confirmed by histopathological examination. A total of 130 samples obtained from 3 flocks of 5200 chicks with acute classical Marek's disease, which had been fed a commercial type diet, was analyzed. The results obtained indicated that the mean and standard deviation values of plasma atocopherol in infected chicks examined were 0.200 ± 0.015 mg. percent, respectively. No histological lesion due to nutritional encephalomalacia was observed. This is compatible with the finding of other investigators that feeding fats rich in
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Georgia on June 24, 2015
in the egg shells when the eggs were studied in UV-light (Fig. 1). Control eggs did not fluoresce. The concentration of oxytetracycline in the egg shell, albumen, and yolk was measured by UV-absorption spectrofluorometry (Hayes and DuBuy, 1964). Oxytetracycline was deposited mainly in the shell (0.182 ± 0.028 iig./gm., mean ± SD), and albumen (0.190 ± 0.030 !*g./gm.) whereas the yolk contained only traces of oxytetracycline. The dry weight of the control egg shells was 4.79 ± 0.39 gm. (mean ± SD). The dry weight of the egg shells showing fluorescence was 4.66 ± 0.63 gm. and 4.85 ± 0.41 gm. after tetracycline and oxytetracycline injections respectively.