THE ABANDONED MENTAL DEFICIENCY BILL.

102

Correspondence. "Audi alteram

partcm."

TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS BY MR. SPAHLINGER’S METHODS. To the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,—In his article which appeared in your issue of Jan. 1st. Dr. Thomas Nelson records the history c.f ten cases treated by the Spahlinger methods at It would be St. George’s Hospital in 1913-14. interesting to know why he did not include the eleventh case. While admitting into the category of those which he appears to regard as relevant to the issue, two cases one of which received three injections and the other six, he makes no mention of one which may legitimately be described as one of Spahlinger’s most striking successes. This was that of a man Edward Thomas Allen, now aged 44, whom I had treated at the French Hospital by the Spahlinger methods for some weeks, and whom I handed over to my friend Arthur Latham at St. George’s because the lay authorities at the French Hospital objected to his continued presence there, on the ground that he did not comply with the French-speaking qualification. I have to-day seen and spoken with this man, who is now, and for the last eight years has been, a luggage porter at Claridge’s Hotel. He reminded me that when I first saw him his weight had fallen from his normal of 13 st. 4 lb. to 8 st. 1 lb. ;that he was treated at St. George’s by the Spahlinger remedies for several weeks, receiving an injection on the average of one every two days. At the end of that time his improvement was such that he was discharged. The improvement has been fully maintained. He has completely regained his weight, and is engaged in very active physical work. That this case fails to appear in Dr. Nelson’s account is susceptible of but two explanations. The one is that it was deliberately suppressed by Dr. Nelson, which I decline to believe ; the other, that the records of the Spahlinger cases at St. George’s are so defective as to render them completely valueless for any

Harley House, N.W.1,

Jan.

LEONARD WILLIAMS. 3rd, 1927.

THE ABANDONED MENTAL DEFICIENCY BILL. To the Editor of THE LANCET. of the misunderstanding which ’, in certain quarters regarding the now abandoned Mental Deficiency Bill, perhaps you will be good enough to allow me to attempt to explain the purpose and scope of this measure. It is apparently thought by some persons that the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913, if not actually designed to obtain control of individuals who are quite capable of looking after themselves, has at all events been used for such a purpose, and that consequently any amendment which would facilitate its working should There could be no more be strenuously resisted. mistaken view. The Act of 1913 was a long overdue measure passed in the interests not only of the community but also of defectives themselves, and it has not inaptly been termed " The Charter of the Feebleminded." Speaking from a large experience of the working of this Act, I have never known, or heard of, a single instance in which a person has been dealt with under it who was not in need of supervision. It should also be pointed out that, contrary to what is often thought, certification under the Act is by no means irrevocable. Every first order automatically expires at the end of a year and each case must then be reviewed and, if considered necessary, another A further review takes place at the order signed. expiration of another year and subsequently at five-

SIR,—In

appears to

view

prevail

yearly periods.

As a matter of fact, far from being applied improper too widely, ciucuxnstamces have combined ) interfere very seriously with the working of the and to withhold from thousands of defectives t protection of which they are in need. As evidence. this I may state that while the total number defectives in the country is estimated at approx mately 174,000. about half of whom are in urgent ne of care, the total number dealt with under the Atof Jan. 1st, 1926, was only 36,815, of whom 15, were under supervision in their own homes. One is ti There are two main reasons for this. utter inadequacy of existing accommodation; ti. other is the wording of the delinitions of the Ac According to the Act of 1913, the mental defect m have existed " from birth or from an early ag Personally, I have always contended, and taugl’ that the chief purpose of these words was to differ, tiate between arrested mental development and d order or decay arising after the mind had a.ttain to that degree of development which would ena the individual to transact the ordinary affairs of )i; and that the words should be interpreted in tL But many magistrates, and some medic, sense. men, have placed a much narrower construction upthem ; they have taken " an early age " to meanti,, first few years of life, and it is this which has led, considerable difficulty in the administration of the A For instance, there are individuals in whom t: defect. although undoubtedly of such a nature as’ render them in need of care, supervision, and cont has not made itself evident until the years, adolescence. The increased demands of life, even a simple one, have then rendered patent a defici which had hitherto been latent. There are cases in which an arrest of mental development actually been caused during early adolescence, as, example, by encephalitis lethargica. There are others where no early history is obtainable. It obvious that cases of this kind, and they are numer will be excluded from the protection of the Act a narrow interpretation of the words ’’ from an e age," and a recent Home Office Committee were: much impressed by this that they recommended tL In r. these words should be entirely deleted. opinion, however, such deletion, in the absence of &, definition of mental defect, would have broug within the scope of the Act persons who really mentally defectiveand to whom it was meant to apply, and I think the Minister of Hea was wise in introducing a clause which, whilst do away with the difficulty resulting from the origin definition, yet made it clear that mental defectivene " arrested was not disorder or decay of mind, but " mental incomplete development. The question has been raised as to the applicabilr of the new definition to adults. I am very definite of the opinion that, with the exception of adults: whom the defect has been brought about before termination of adolescence, the new definition wo no more apply to adults than did the old one. Sin mind reaches a stage of development which may regarded as normal or adequate for the purposes of life before the termination of adolescea it is clear that any change taking place after not mental arrest. Personally, I should certaitj object to any definition which extended the scope’ the Act to cases of mental disorder or decay, wh are already provided for by the Lunacy Act; I am convinced that it is not intended to do and that the Bill does not, in fact, do so. It is important to point out that the definition mental defectiveness in the Bill must be read conjunction with the definitions contained in preceding clause. For a person to come within scope of the Act the arrested or incomplete deveM ment of mind must be of such a degree as to prev6l’ him from " guarding himself against comm physical dangers " ; or from " managing himself°’ his affairs " ; or be so pronounced as to necessit " care, supervision, and control " for his protection or for the protection of others. or

A

were

ordin

thq

103 be

doubt that the a sound measure of social reform, but that it is in the highest degree a humane measure. I find it simply amazing that any person who has read the Report of the Royal t’ommission of 1904, or who has any practical knowledge of mental defectives, or who is even really concerned for the welfare of the community, should obstruct a Bill, the sole purpose of which is the rf-mpdying of defects which experience has revealed in the original Act. I am convinced from the comments and letters which have reached me that workers who have spent years in endeavouring to improve the lot of the unfortunate mental defectives will view the abandonment of the Bill with dismay. In

conclusion, there

can

no

Mental Deficiency Act of 1913 is not only

I

am

Sir

yours

faithfully

A. F. TREDGOLD, M.D. New Cavendish-street, W., Jan. -1th, 1927.

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA. To the Editor

of THE LANCET.

SIR.—I have read with interest the

case

recorded

uria.. The fact remains, however, that in the very

great majority of

cases

the after-rest

from albumin.—I am Sir

yours

specimen

is free

faitbfully

H. H. BASHFORD. Medical Department, General Post Office.

Jan. 1st, 1927.

DIFFUSE

GASTRIC

To the Editor

POLYPOSIS.

of THE LANCET.

your recent annotation on a paper by Brunn and Pearl on Diffuse Gastric Polyposis1 not reference is made to the only case of the kind recorded in England. In the Guy’s HospitalReports for July, 1926, I described a typical case in which complete gastrectomy was successfully performed by Mr. Lancelot Bromley. A man aged 36, had suffered from anæmia since 1917, together with diarrhoea, On nausea, and occasional attacks of vomiting.

SIR,—In

admission he was found to have complete achlorhydria and constant occult blood in his stools, and the X rays showed a well-marked deformity on the greater curvature of his stomach. Evacuation occurred with extreme rapidity. The haemoglobin

bv Dr. Donald Hunter in your issue of Jan. 1st. There is atpresent in the Wakefield Hospital a some- percentage, what similar case. A. J., aged 13, has blue sclerotics.’ which had been His head is large and his eyes are prominent. His 65 in May, 1925, father and two brothers have also blue sclerotics, was now only 44. hut appear otherwise quite normal. The first fracture As it seemed occurred when he was about a year old, and altogether v e r y probable about 23 fractures affecting the lower extremities only. that a growth A few months ago lie was admitted with fractures of was present in both femora and both tibiae. This time his left fenmur spite of the long and right tibia were fractured and the right femur history, M r . snapped after admission without any very obvious Bromley opersevere but of short Fracwas duration. Pain cause. ated on April tures have been simple, except on one occasion when 18th, 1926. He he had a severe compound fracture of the right leg. found that the tnion has always occurred within the ordinary period. wall the of The RTassermann reaction is negative. stomach was I am- Sir- vours faithfullv. very thick, with J. W. THOMSON. Wakefield, Jan- 3rd, 1927. ADOLESCENT ALBUMINURIA. l’o the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,—In reply to Dr. Geoffrey Evans’s very interesting letter I rather gather, perhaps mistakenly, that he is inclined to believe that the presence of albumin in an after-rest specimen definitely lifts the case out of the class of adolescent albuminuria. This is undoubtedly true, of course, in a number of instances, but not, I think, in a good many others ; and it is rather the consistent appearance of albumin in afterrest specimens that should be regarded, as I suggested

in my original article, from a more stringent point of view. Thus I find in the last 26 cases before me in which the after-rest specimen contained albumin in otherwise healthy-seeming boys and men, in 16 of them it had disappeared from a subsequent afterrest specimen. And I think there is very little doubt that these were all cases of ordinary albuminuria. Even when the after-rest specimen consistently contains albumin it is sometimes difficult, and one would welcome any light on the problem to differentiate it in the absence of any other signs or symptoms from ordinary adolescent albuminuria. Thus I have before me the case of a boy of 16 in whom albumin was first found in October, 1925, the afterExamined again, rest specimen being then free. however, on March 4th, March 17th, March 31st, May 14th, and August 12th, 1926, every after-rest specimen as well as every after-exercise specimen contained albumin, the boy’s general health being apparently excellent and his blood-urea, urine-urea

adolescent

concentration test, and microscopical examination being all normal. Had he throughout all these months been suffering from some toxaemic condition or definite damage to renal tissue, it is hard to believe that he would not have exhibited some othermanifestations of ill-health. And this case, too, I am inclined to think, is really one of harmless adolescent albumin-

the vessels on the outside much injected ; it did not, however, feel like a growth. As the condition was

clearly abnormal,

very and was probably the cause of the anaemia, it was decided to perform a complete

gastrectomy. The patient recovered s a t i s f ac torily,

A

portion of the excised stomach photographed after fixation. Reduced onehalf. (Taken from the Guy’s Hospital

and when ten months later Reports. he was looking very well and felt better than he had done since 1917. His haemoglobin percentage was 85, and no occult blood was present in the stools. Prof. Adrian Stokes reported that the mucous membrane of the excised stomach was greatly thickened and covered with closely packed polypi (a portion of a half scale photograph is here reproduced), which had failed to develop stalks on account of their close Numerous superficial proximity to each other. haemorrhages were present. Microscopical examination showed that the condition was one of extreme hypertrophic gastritis. There was hyperplasia and hypertrophy of all the coats, most evident in the there was clear mucous coat at the cardiac end ; evidence of subacute and chronic inflammatory changes in the mucosa ; there was no evidence of tumour formation and no metaplasia of the epithelium. seen

I am Sir.

New Lodge

vours

fa,ithfnllv-

ARTHUR F. HURST. Clinic, Windsor Forest, Dec. 27th, 1926. 1

THE LANCET, 1926, ii., 1280.