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The chatter of lathe tools under orthogonal cutting conditions
Effects Forces.
of Chip
Compression
The Effect of Tool-Chip Metal Machining.
on
Contact
Cutting
Area
in
It. Takcyama and E. I lsui. .~l.SME, Trunsactzo,~s, \. So, no. j, July IO@ ,‘. ro8g-log6. The tool-chip contact area IS closely related not only with the machimng pcrformancc, but with the tool life. The frictional force on tho rake Cacc is directly proportional to the toolchip contxt area. Thcreforc, the friction 111 metal machining is not based upon Coulomb’s taw, but upon Ernst’s and Merchant’s, The normal force on the rake face consists of the uniformly tlistritmted normal stress and the singular force at the cutting etlgc, which is r_clatrYl to rake angle antL ar
‘l‘ypc .\ steels with stringer-likc~sulfitles bcinr: less effvctivv. I .cad inclusion mass appears t<) Ix tlcpentlent on sulfide inclusion nature ~7th
fine 1% tails being associatctl with fim stringer-like sulfitles. The somewhat greater machinabilit>- in~lex range of ‘I‘ypc :\ material as comparetl tll regular screw xtock may, 111 part, 1x2 (luc to a hixc clfcct 01 t II<,inclllsioni present.
A Theory of Cutting-Tool Oil Action.
Wear and Cutting-
The
inltlating step in cutting-tool wear is postulated as a temperature-tlepentlcnt migration of chip metal into the tool. The migrated metal softens the tool, which allows wear particles to adhere to the moving chip ant1 be carried away. The kinetics of these processes are developed quantitatively to y~ltl an expression which explains the Taylor equation in terms of the fundamental parameters of cutting. The Chatter of Lathe Tools Under Orthogonal Cutting Conditions. S. ,I. Tobias and W. Fishwick. ASME, ?‘ratzs-
Controlling Tool Life. I*. v. (‘olwcll. ?‘ool li,zgirzc?, v. ,q,, no. 1, July lC],jX, 1’. f>i-(I’$. ‘l‘hc majority 01’ the work requirctl to cut metal is convcl-tctl into heat at the shear plane. Heat idtirnately tlctermines the rate of tool wear which in turn determines tool lift. Wear on the tool flank is more significant than on the tool face. Flank wear provides most of the tliffcrcnt bases for determining tot11 life. Total tool failure takes place when a toot Ixeaks down and ceases cutting At<)grther. ‘l‘hls can occur as a result of the formation of a crater xcompanicd by strnctnral failure ur by the occurrcncr of a crlti<.all!, high tempcratnrc on the tool flank. High-Speed Cutting With Ceramic Tools. H. J. Sirkmann. Tool Errfiixrt<,r, v. 4o, no. 1, .\pr.
19.58,
,‘,
fs~-xx.
physical propertIes of ceraimc or cementer1 ositk materials, the higher negatlvc rake tools have been found to give longer tool 1Ifc and more relial,lc cutting pcrformancc. (‘uttlng tests were contluctctl on ver\ hard steels with negative rakes as high as 3’;” with optimum results. The cutting forces incurred with the higher negative rakes are not higher than those incurred with positive rakes. Over a speed range from o to ~X,rroo I.p.m., thr cutting forces clrop ral)i(ily as spvcd is incwascvl the
to
the
Ceramic Tooling. Use of Sintered-Oxide Tools for Heavy-Duty Metal Removal: Developments in Production Turning Methods at Alvis, Ltd. .lircrafl l’rotlwIroi~, v. LO, July rg+, 11. ~7 I2x2. In many respects sintered oxides are in the same position as WC: was some 25 years ago, and subject to similar forms of controversy with regard to usefulness. Xlvis I,td. made nse of this material for a number of production turning operations. For several years they have carried on an investigation of the capabilities of sintered-oxide cutting-tools and are adopting this material in prcferencrx to others wherever practicable.
of Chip
Compression
The Effect of Tool-Chip Metal Machining.
on
Contact
Cutting
Area
in
It. Takcyama and E. I lsui. .~l.SME, Trunsactzo,~s, \. So, no. j, July IO@ ,‘. ro8g-log6. The tool-chip contact area IS closely related not only with the machimng pcrformancc, but with the tool life. The frictional force on tho rake Cacc is directly proportional to the toolchip contxt area. Thcreforc, the friction 111 metal machining is not based upon Coulomb’s taw, but upon Ernst’s and Merchant’s, The normal force on the rake face consists of the uniformly tlistritmted normal stress and the singular force at the cutting etlgc, which is r_clatrYl to rake angle antL ar
‘l‘ypc .\ steels with stringer-likc~sulfitles bcinr: less effvctivv. I .cad inclusion mass appears t<) Ix tlcpentlent on sulfide inclusion nature ~7th
fine 1% tails being associatctl with fim stringer-like sulfitles. The somewhat greater machinabilit>- in~lex range of ‘I‘ypc :\ material as comparetl tll regular screw xtock may, 111 part, 1x2 (luc to a hixc clfcct 01 t II<,inclllsioni present.
A Theory of Cutting-Tool Oil Action.
Wear and Cutting-
The
inltlating step in cutting-tool wear is postulated as a temperature-tlepentlcnt migration of chip metal into the tool. The migrated metal softens the tool, which allows wear particles to adhere to the moving chip ant1 be carried away. The kinetics of these processes are developed quantitatively to y~ltl an expression which explains the Taylor equation in terms of the fundamental parameters of cutting. The Chatter of Lathe Tools Under Orthogonal Cutting Conditions. S. ,I. Tobias and W. Fishwick. ASME, ?‘ratzs-
Controlling Tool Life. I*. v. (‘olwcll. ?‘ool li,zgirzc?, v. ,q,, no. 1, July lC],jX, 1’. f>i-(I’$. ‘l‘hc majority 01’ the work requirctl to cut metal is convcl-tctl into heat at the shear plane. Heat idtirnately tlctermines the rate of tool wear which in turn determines tool lift. Wear on the tool flank is more significant than on the tool face. Flank wear provides most of the tliffcrcnt bases for determining tot11 life. Total tool failure takes place when a toot Ixeaks down and ceases cutting At<)grther. ‘l‘hls can occur as a result of the formation of a crater xcompanicd by strnctnral failure ur by the occurrcncr of a crlti<.all!, high tempcratnrc on the tool flank. High-Speed Cutting With Ceramic Tools. H. J. Sirkmann. Tool Errfiixrt<,r, v. 4o, no. 1, .\pr.
19.58,
,‘,
fs~-xx.
physical propertIes of ceraimc or cementer1 ositk materials, the higher negatlvc rake tools have been found to give longer tool 1Ifc and more relial,lc cutting pcrformancc. (‘uttlng tests were contluctctl on ver\ hard steels with negative rakes as high as 3’;” with optimum results. The cutting forces incurred with the higher negative rakes are not higher than those incurred with positive rakes. Over a speed range from o to ~X,rroo I.p.m., thr cutting forces clrop ral)i(ily as spvcd is incwascvl the
to
the
Ceramic Tooling. Use of Sintered-Oxide Tools for Heavy-Duty Metal Removal: Developments in Production Turning Methods at Alvis, Ltd. .lircrafl l’rotlwIroi~, v. LO, July rg+, 11. ~7 I2x2. In many respects sintered oxides are in the same position as WC: was some 25 years ago, and subject to similar forms of controversy with regard to usefulness. Xlvis I,td. made nse of this material for a number of production turning operations. For several years they have carried on an investigation of the capabilities of sintered-oxide cutting-tools and are adopting this material in prcferencrx to others wherever practicable.