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The diffusion of renewable energy technology: an analytical framework and key issues for research
08 Steam raising (boiler operation/design) 00100435 plastics
Method and aooaratus for treatment of waste ..
Nishio, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 279,564 [99 279,564] (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 12 Ott 1999, Appl. 1998/81,376, 27 Mar 1998. 6. (In Jauanese) A-method and apparatus for the treatment of waste plastics, such as waste PVC is presented. The technology comprises of a dechlorination zone for removing chlorine from melted plastics, a zone for converting waste plastics to oils by pyrolysis, a RDF conversion zone in which the waste plastics are condensed, and a control zone for selectively feeding the melted waste plastics to oil-conversion zone for RDF conversion zone.
00100436 elastics
Method of processing of fire-resistant waste
kantaku, J. and Hiraguchi, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 293,259 199 293,259] (cl. ClOGl/lO), 26 Ott 1999, Appl. -_ 1997/346,954, 10 Nov i997. 4. (In Japanese) The paper describes a method for processing fire-resistant waste plastics. The thermal decomposition of thermosetting resins and/or thermoplastic resins that contain halogens for the recovery of fuel oils and halogens, comprises of thermally decomposing the plastics with alkaline earth metal hydroxides or alkali in the presence of N-type or P-type catalysts at a temperature of more than 300” for the recovery of oils. 00100437 Phoebus - an autonomous supply system with renewable energy: six years of operational experience and advanced concepts Meurer, C. ef al. Solar Energy, 1999, 67, (l-3) 131-138. The PHOEBUS demonstration plant has been supplying the Central Library of Forschungszentrum Jiilich (FZJ) with solar-generated electric energy all year round and independent of the public grid since 1993. The central task was to test the required storage using hydrogen as the energy carrier in conjunction with an electrolyser and a fuel cell under realistic irradiance and consumption conditions and to demonstrate the feasibility of such a zero-emission supply system. The general objective was to determine weak points from the operating experience and measured data obtained, to model the system in a componentoriented manner for simulation, to energetically optimize the plant, to achieve high operational reliability and, above all, to propose and implement cost-reducing and advanced system modifications. With the aid of validated simulation programs, it was possible to carry out optimization analyses for plant operation (annual scenarios) and plant configuration. Two advanced concepts were developed: PHOEBUS-2, a simplified system with reduced energy losses, and PHOEBUS-3, a wind-PV hybrid system supplying both electricity and heat. The advanced concepts PHOEBUS-2 and PHOEBUS-3 are the theoretical basis for applications such as a solar home system, a solar village, a scientific polar station or a storage module for grid-connected operation that can be realized in the near future. W/W438 Renewables and air quality Wooley, D. R. Solar Today, 2000, 14, (4), 28-31. The production of electricity from fossil fuels - coal, oil and to a lesser extent, natural gas - exacts a growing toll on human health and our environment. Most people in the USA do not associate electricity use with air pollution. But our light switches, air conditioner controls and production lines are wire-linked to the nation’s largest source of acid rain, smog, regional haze and climate change. OOlW439 Renewables in the land of the midnight sun Yarkin, J. Solar Today, 2000, 14, (4), 24-27. Small renewable energy systems at summer science camps in Antarctica provide clean, quiet power and reduce the noise, air pollution and expense of generators.
The chemistry of the destruction of organophosphorus compounds in flames-Ill: The destruction of DMMP and TMP in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen
OOlW440
Korobeinichev, 0. P. et al. Combustion and Flame, 2000, 121, (4), 593609. The structure of a premixed H2/OdAr (0.26/0.13/0.61 by volume) flame doped with dimetbyl methyl phospbonate (DMMP) stabilized on a flat burner at 47 Torr has been studied by molecular-beam mass spectrometry and modelling. Using previous experimental measurements, the mechanism for the destruction of trimethyl phosphate (TMP) in H2/02/Ar flames was refined. The present experiments with Twarowski’s reaction mechanism for hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorus and Werner and Cool’s mechanism for the destruction of DMMP, enabled updated kinetic mechanisms for the destruction of both DMMP and TMP in a flame to be developed. Based on the available thermochemical data and using the computer codes PREMIX and CHEMKIN-II, the computer modelling of the destruction of DMMP 46
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
and TMP in a flame was achieved. Matching the experimental and calculated concentration profiles for all the species found in flames allowed the rate constants for the reactions of intermediates to be evaluated and refined. The final result is that the calculated and measured concentration profiles are in satisfactory agreement for DMMP, TMP, Hz, Oz, HsO, OH, 0, H, PO, POz, HOPO, and HOPOz. The results provide an understanding of important regularities of the destruction of organophosphorus compounds, used here as simulants of sarin in flames.
00100441 The diffusion of renewable energy technology: an analytical framework and key issues for research Jacobsson, S. and Johnson, A. Energy Policy, 2000, 28, (9), 625-640. During the last two decades there has been a great deal of research on renewable energy technologies. It is commonly thought that very little has come out of this research in terms of commercially interesting technologies. The first objective of this paper is to demonstrate that this perception is no longer entirely correct; in the 1990s there has been a double-digit growth rate in the market for some renewable energy technologies. The consequent alteration in the energy system, is, however, a slow, painful and highly uncertain process. It has been argued that this process needs to be studied using an innovation system perspective where the focus is on networks, institutions and firms’ perceptions, competencies and strategies. The second objective of the paper is therefore to present the bare bones of such an analytical framework. A third objective is to identify a set of key issues related to the speed and direction of that transformation process which needs to be studied further.
Utilization of waste-derived fuels in cement kilns 00100442 Case, H. G. and Batra, V. K. In?. Cem. J., 1997, 1, 51-54. This review describes how the technical, economic and environmental benefits for the utilization of waste-derived fuels (WDF) in the manufacture of cement have been successfully demonstrated throughout the world.
08
STEAM RAISING Boiler operation/design
Case of the fire-side corrosion of waterwall-tubes 00100443 Liu, S. and Zhu, Z. Fushi Kexue Yu Fanghu Jishu, 1999, 11, (3) 189192. (In Chinese) This paper analyses the local corrosion of the fire-side of waterwall tubes in a coal-fired boiler of a power plant. The results of electronic probe microanalysis, energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the fire-side of waterwall tubes was covered by corrosion products of iron oxide and iron sulfide. Incomplete fuel combustion which resulted in corrosion at high temperatures was the main cause of fire-side corrosion. Conversion of pulverized coal-fired boilers to ones with solid slag removal
00100444
Yanko, P. I. and Misak, I. S. Energ. Elekrrif. (Kiev), 1998, 2-3, 14-17. (In Ukrainian) Coal samples of lower quality, i.e. higher ash content and lower heating value, are often used in utility boilers, because of this, conversion of operation mode to one with solid slag removal was considered.
Development and application of clean coal technology for power in Harbin Boiler Co. Ltd (HBC) 00100445
Li, W. and Yang, Z. FACT (Am. Sot. Mech. Eng.), 1999, 23, 3540. The development and application of denitric oxides burners and large circulating fluidized beds and desulfurization techniques in Harbin Boiler Co. Ltd (HBC) is described. In addition, this paper provides details of plans to develop the power generation technology with high efficiency and low pollution for future markets.
Development of coal-burning additives for boilers 00100446 Wen, B. Guangdong Huagong, 1999, 26, (4), 46-47. (In Chinese) This paper introduces the chemical process of burning coal, the composition and application of coal-burning additives for boilers and the corrosion of coal burning products to boilers.
Method and aooaratus for treatment of waste ..
Nishio, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 279,564 [99 279,564] (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 12 Ott 1999, Appl. 1998/81,376, 27 Mar 1998. 6. (In Jauanese) A-method and apparatus for the treatment of waste plastics, such as waste PVC is presented. The technology comprises of a dechlorination zone for removing chlorine from melted plastics, a zone for converting waste plastics to oils by pyrolysis, a RDF conversion zone in which the waste plastics are condensed, and a control zone for selectively feeding the melted waste plastics to oil-conversion zone for RDF conversion zone.
00100436 elastics
Method of processing of fire-resistant waste
kantaku, J. and Hiraguchi, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 293,259 199 293,259] (cl. ClOGl/lO), 26 Ott 1999, Appl. -_ 1997/346,954, 10 Nov i997. 4. (In Japanese) The paper describes a method for processing fire-resistant waste plastics. The thermal decomposition of thermosetting resins and/or thermoplastic resins that contain halogens for the recovery of fuel oils and halogens, comprises of thermally decomposing the plastics with alkaline earth metal hydroxides or alkali in the presence of N-type or P-type catalysts at a temperature of more than 300” for the recovery of oils. 00100437 Phoebus - an autonomous supply system with renewable energy: six years of operational experience and advanced concepts Meurer, C. ef al. Solar Energy, 1999, 67, (l-3) 131-138. The PHOEBUS demonstration plant has been supplying the Central Library of Forschungszentrum Jiilich (FZJ) with solar-generated electric energy all year round and independent of the public grid since 1993. The central task was to test the required storage using hydrogen as the energy carrier in conjunction with an electrolyser and a fuel cell under realistic irradiance and consumption conditions and to demonstrate the feasibility of such a zero-emission supply system. The general objective was to determine weak points from the operating experience and measured data obtained, to model the system in a componentoriented manner for simulation, to energetically optimize the plant, to achieve high operational reliability and, above all, to propose and implement cost-reducing and advanced system modifications. With the aid of validated simulation programs, it was possible to carry out optimization analyses for plant operation (annual scenarios) and plant configuration. Two advanced concepts were developed: PHOEBUS-2, a simplified system with reduced energy losses, and PHOEBUS-3, a wind-PV hybrid system supplying both electricity and heat. The advanced concepts PHOEBUS-2 and PHOEBUS-3 are the theoretical basis for applications such as a solar home system, a solar village, a scientific polar station or a storage module for grid-connected operation that can be realized in the near future. W/W438 Renewables and air quality Wooley, D. R. Solar Today, 2000, 14, (4), 28-31. The production of electricity from fossil fuels - coal, oil and to a lesser extent, natural gas - exacts a growing toll on human health and our environment. Most people in the USA do not associate electricity use with air pollution. But our light switches, air conditioner controls and production lines are wire-linked to the nation’s largest source of acid rain, smog, regional haze and climate change. OOlW439 Renewables in the land of the midnight sun Yarkin, J. Solar Today, 2000, 14, (4), 24-27. Small renewable energy systems at summer science camps in Antarctica provide clean, quiet power and reduce the noise, air pollution and expense of generators.
The chemistry of the destruction of organophosphorus compounds in flames-Ill: The destruction of DMMP and TMP in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen
OOlW440
Korobeinichev, 0. P. et al. Combustion and Flame, 2000, 121, (4), 593609. The structure of a premixed H2/OdAr (0.26/0.13/0.61 by volume) flame doped with dimetbyl methyl phospbonate (DMMP) stabilized on a flat burner at 47 Torr has been studied by molecular-beam mass spectrometry and modelling. Using previous experimental measurements, the mechanism for the destruction of trimethyl phosphate (TMP) in H2/02/Ar flames was refined. The present experiments with Twarowski’s reaction mechanism for hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorus and Werner and Cool’s mechanism for the destruction of DMMP, enabled updated kinetic mechanisms for the destruction of both DMMP and TMP in a flame to be developed. Based on the available thermochemical data and using the computer codes PREMIX and CHEMKIN-II, the computer modelling of the destruction of DMMP 46
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
and TMP in a flame was achieved. Matching the experimental and calculated concentration profiles for all the species found in flames allowed the rate constants for the reactions of intermediates to be evaluated and refined. The final result is that the calculated and measured concentration profiles are in satisfactory agreement for DMMP, TMP, Hz, Oz, HsO, OH, 0, H, PO, POz, HOPO, and HOPOz. The results provide an understanding of important regularities of the destruction of organophosphorus compounds, used here as simulants of sarin in flames.
00100441 The diffusion of renewable energy technology: an analytical framework and key issues for research Jacobsson, S. and Johnson, A. Energy Policy, 2000, 28, (9), 625-640. During the last two decades there has been a great deal of research on renewable energy technologies. It is commonly thought that very little has come out of this research in terms of commercially interesting technologies. The first objective of this paper is to demonstrate that this perception is no longer entirely correct; in the 1990s there has been a double-digit growth rate in the market for some renewable energy technologies. The consequent alteration in the energy system, is, however, a slow, painful and highly uncertain process. It has been argued that this process needs to be studied using an innovation system perspective where the focus is on networks, institutions and firms’ perceptions, competencies and strategies. The second objective of the paper is therefore to present the bare bones of such an analytical framework. A third objective is to identify a set of key issues related to the speed and direction of that transformation process which needs to be studied further.
Utilization of waste-derived fuels in cement kilns 00100442 Case, H. G. and Batra, V. K. In?. Cem. J., 1997, 1, 51-54. This review describes how the technical, economic and environmental benefits for the utilization of waste-derived fuels (WDF) in the manufacture of cement have been successfully demonstrated throughout the world.
08
STEAM RAISING Boiler operation/design
Case of the fire-side corrosion of waterwall-tubes 00100443 Liu, S. and Zhu, Z. Fushi Kexue Yu Fanghu Jishu, 1999, 11, (3) 189192. (In Chinese) This paper analyses the local corrosion of the fire-side of waterwall tubes in a coal-fired boiler of a power plant. The results of electronic probe microanalysis, energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the fire-side of waterwall tubes was covered by corrosion products of iron oxide and iron sulfide. Incomplete fuel combustion which resulted in corrosion at high temperatures was the main cause of fire-side corrosion. Conversion of pulverized coal-fired boilers to ones with solid slag removal
00100444
Yanko, P. I. and Misak, I. S. Energ. Elekrrif. (Kiev), 1998, 2-3, 14-17. (In Ukrainian) Coal samples of lower quality, i.e. higher ash content and lower heating value, are often used in utility boilers, because of this, conversion of operation mode to one with solid slag removal was considered.
Development and application of clean coal technology for power in Harbin Boiler Co. Ltd (HBC) 00100445
Li, W. and Yang, Z. FACT (Am. Sot. Mech. Eng.), 1999, 23, 3540. The development and application of denitric oxides burners and large circulating fluidized beds and desulfurization techniques in Harbin Boiler Co. Ltd (HBC) is described. In addition, this paper provides details of plans to develop the power generation technology with high efficiency and low pollution for future markets.
Development of coal-burning additives for boilers 00100446 Wen, B. Guangdong Huagong, 1999, 26, (4), 46-47. (In Chinese) This paper introduces the chemical process of burning coal, the composition and application of coal-burning additives for boilers and the corrosion of coal burning products to boilers.