- Email: [email protected]
The effects of cadmium chloride on the organogenesis of laboratory mice
154
155
THE EFFECT OF CADMI[g4 CHLORIDE ON THE ORGANOGENESIS OF LABORATORY MICE K, Parivar and R. Pilechian Langroudi
DEVEI/)PMENTAL TOXICITY OF LEAD NITRATE ON C~ICK EMBRYOS. Pyne, S.K. and A.K, Aditya. College of Veterinary Science & H.~, Department of Anatomy, Durg, M.P. India.
LDS0 standard of cdcl?, 2½ H?O was determined 8 mg/kg of body weigh~ .Thre~ series of experiments were set up. Experimental amimals received a single dose of cadmium chloride , 6mg/kg of body weight intraperitonealy. control animals received physiological saline solution. Each series of experiments was divided into two groups of preimplantation and postimplantation animals. The pregnant females of first group received cadmium chloride in 3rd day of gestation, the second group in 7th day of pregnancy. Morphological and histological observation on the embryos of ist group showed crown-rump decrease, incomplete development and atrophy. Studies on the embryos of 2nd group resulted exencephaly, cleft lip, cleft palate, oligodactyly,syndactyly, polydactyly anophthalmia, eye lens decrease, ear dislocation and complete absence of one ear.the effects were statistically significant at P < 0 . 0 5 for crown rump and body weight measurments, lens diameter, parachordal cartilage width and distance between inner ears.
Fertilized white leghorn eggs were subjected to a treatment of lead nitrate solution (I mg lead nitrate in 0.i ml distilled water) into the yolk sac of each embryo on the 10th day of incubation (37 # l°C with 65% relative humidity). Controls, injected with samedose of distilled water, were maintained. The significant abnormalities such as, the decreased rate of survivals, weight reduction, shorter beak formation, general retarded growth and development with hydrocephalus and binding toes in the treated individuals had been observed by the 19th day of exposure.
156
157
ONTOGENETIC PATTERNS OF LDH, MDH AND GPI ISOZYMES IN DIPIODOS FONTAZZO.
IN VITRO DETECTION OF RADIATION-INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE IN HUMAN T ~ O R CELLS. SchwachSfer, JHM, Schaapveld, RQJ, Crooijmans, RPMA, Hoogenhout, J, Van der Kogel, AJ. Inst. of Radiotherapy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Salvatorelli, G., F. Basaglia, G. Marchetti, A. Santulli and V. D'Amelio. Institute of Comparative Anatomy, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Damage to cellular DNA is one of the most important cytotoxic events induced by ionizing radiation. It is known that there are differences in tumor radiosensitivity and curability with X-rays. Differences in intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity or in repair capacity have been suggested as possible reasons° DNAdamage and repair were studied in two cell lines derived from tumors with a widely different radiosensitivity, neuroblastoma(NB-100) and squamous cell carcinoma(HN-l)o Radiation-induced breaks in the DNA strands of human cells can be detected by a method, designated as Fluorometric Analysis of DNA Unwinding (FADU, Birnboim & Jevcak,1981). • The initial DNA-damage, measured as % double stranded DNA after unwinding, at a dose of 2 Gray is 55% for the HN-I and 45% for the NB-100, respectively~ At 37 ° C, a faster repair of DNA-damage is observed in HN-I as compared to in ~ - i 0 0 o Complete repair was not observed. These results are consistent with the observed higher radiosensitivity of the neuroblastoma cells as compared to the squamous carcinoma cells~
The timing of the onset of developmental expression of S loci encoding three enzymes (IDH, MDH, GPI) was determined for the sheep shead bream, Diplodus puntazzo. The patterns of gene expression among the different tissues in adult were also investigated. The tissue and developmental expressions of these enzymes were visualized by histochemical staining after starch gel electrophoresis. In this species all LDH, MDH, GPI isosymes were detectable at the end of the first month. 1/)H-A4 is the first to appear during development. MDH-A2 and GPI-A2 are active throughout development. The ontogenetic patterns of differential gene expression for these species differ somewhat from those of a more distantly related species within the family Sparidae, discribed previously. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is an increase in divergance of gene expression in species which are progressively more distantly related.
$47
155
THE EFFECT OF CADMI[g4 CHLORIDE ON THE ORGANOGENESIS OF LABORATORY MICE K, Parivar and R. Pilechian Langroudi
DEVEI/)PMENTAL TOXICITY OF LEAD NITRATE ON C~ICK EMBRYOS. Pyne, S.K. and A.K, Aditya. College of Veterinary Science & H.~, Department of Anatomy, Durg, M.P. India.
LDS0 standard of cdcl?, 2½ H?O was determined 8 mg/kg of body weigh~ .Thre~ series of experiments were set up. Experimental amimals received a single dose of cadmium chloride , 6mg/kg of body weight intraperitonealy. control animals received physiological saline solution. Each series of experiments was divided into two groups of preimplantation and postimplantation animals. The pregnant females of first group received cadmium chloride in 3rd day of gestation, the second group in 7th day of pregnancy. Morphological and histological observation on the embryos of ist group showed crown-rump decrease, incomplete development and atrophy. Studies on the embryos of 2nd group resulted exencephaly, cleft lip, cleft palate, oligodactyly,syndactyly, polydactyly anophthalmia, eye lens decrease, ear dislocation and complete absence of one ear.the effects were statistically significant at P < 0 . 0 5 for crown rump and body weight measurments, lens diameter, parachordal cartilage width and distance between inner ears.
Fertilized white leghorn eggs were subjected to a treatment of lead nitrate solution (I mg lead nitrate in 0.i ml distilled water) into the yolk sac of each embryo on the 10th day of incubation (37 # l°C with 65% relative humidity). Controls, injected with samedose of distilled water, were maintained. The significant abnormalities such as, the decreased rate of survivals, weight reduction, shorter beak formation, general retarded growth and development with hydrocephalus and binding toes in the treated individuals had been observed by the 19th day of exposure.
156
157
ONTOGENETIC PATTERNS OF LDH, MDH AND GPI ISOZYMES IN DIPIODOS FONTAZZO.
IN VITRO DETECTION OF RADIATION-INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE IN HUMAN T ~ O R CELLS. SchwachSfer, JHM, Schaapveld, RQJ, Crooijmans, RPMA, Hoogenhout, J, Van der Kogel, AJ. Inst. of Radiotherapy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Salvatorelli, G., F. Basaglia, G. Marchetti, A. Santulli and V. D'Amelio. Institute of Comparative Anatomy, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Damage to cellular DNA is one of the most important cytotoxic events induced by ionizing radiation. It is known that there are differences in tumor radiosensitivity and curability with X-rays. Differences in intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity or in repair capacity have been suggested as possible reasons° DNAdamage and repair were studied in two cell lines derived from tumors with a widely different radiosensitivity, neuroblastoma(NB-100) and squamous cell carcinoma(HN-l)o Radiation-induced breaks in the DNA strands of human cells can be detected by a method, designated as Fluorometric Analysis of DNA Unwinding (FADU, Birnboim & Jevcak,1981). • The initial DNA-damage, measured as % double stranded DNA after unwinding, at a dose of 2 Gray is 55% for the HN-I and 45% for the NB-100, respectively~ At 37 ° C, a faster repair of DNA-damage is observed in HN-I as compared to in ~ - i 0 0 o Complete repair was not observed. These results are consistent with the observed higher radiosensitivity of the neuroblastoma cells as compared to the squamous carcinoma cells~
The timing of the onset of developmental expression of S loci encoding three enzymes (IDH, MDH, GPI) was determined for the sheep shead bream, Diplodus puntazzo. The patterns of gene expression among the different tissues in adult were also investigated. The tissue and developmental expressions of these enzymes were visualized by histochemical staining after starch gel electrophoresis. In this species all LDH, MDH, GPI isosymes were detectable at the end of the first month. 1/)H-A4 is the first to appear during development. MDH-A2 and GPI-A2 are active throughout development. The ontogenetic patterns of differential gene expression for these species differ somewhat from those of a more distantly related species within the family Sparidae, discribed previously. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is an increase in divergance of gene expression in species which are progressively more distantly related.
$47