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The geo-information environment for taking ecologically sound decisions on natural resources management
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (2004) 361–364
The geo-information environment for taking ecologically sound decisions on natural resources management E.N. Cheremissina∗ , L.E. Chesallov, O.V. Mitrakova VNIIgeosystem, 8 nVarshavskoe Shosse, Moscow M-105117105, Russian Federation
Abstract The basic scientific principles and technique of integration of the multilevel diverse information are developed on the basis of model of statement and the decision of natural-exploration problems, a concrete definition of problems of a subject domain regulating process, the description and formalization of modeling representations in terms of the initial data, a choice and realization of analytical means of the decision of a problem. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. Keywords: Information-analytical system; GIS; Graphical database; Ecology
The strategic purpose of Russian state ecological policy is balanced solution of social and economic problems, and problems of preservation of a favorable environment and natural resources potential in order to satisfy the needs of present and future generations, i.e., sustainable development of the Russian Federation. Sustainable development is considered as a process of balance creation searched at all levels of decision-making. By development of regional plans of action on sustainable development, necessity of a regular establishment of priority problems is marked. Stability of an environment assumes preservation of natural riches, maintenance of a biodiversity, and health of the human being. The purpose of sustainable development is to achieve stable economy, social justice and stability of the environment. In this connection the applied information, software is represented within the framework of the concept of sustainable development which includes three key aspects: social and economic aspect (the ways of elimination of economic and social inequality between countries, races, classes, social groups),
∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: +7 95 952 6639; fax: +7 95 958 3522. E-mail address: [email protected] (E.N. Cheremissina).
0378-4754/$30.00 © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2004.06.009
362
E.N. Cheremissina et al. / Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (2004) 361–364
ecological aspect (interrelation in the systems society-nature and person-nature), and sociopolitical aspect (ways and methods to satisfy human needs). Solution to the priority problems of social and economic stabilization and steady growth, is determined by the real development of the country and regions, therefore, multi-purpose programs of stabilization and sustainable development should be worked out with the use of modern methodology of acceptance of effective decisions, developed on the basis of: -
integrated system analysis of multilevel and diverse geoecological information; mathematical modeling of social and economic stabilization and steady development processes; mathematical–statistical methods of co-ordination and optimization of expert decisions; and heuristic methods of multi-criteria divisions into districts for estimation and forecast of territory conditions based on a number of factors.
The basic scientific principles and techniques of integration of multilevel diverse information are developed on the basis of the model of statement and solution of the problems of nature exploration, concrete definition of the problems of a subject domain regulating process, description and formalization of modeling representations in terms of initial data, choice and realization of analytical means of problem solution. VNIIgeosystem has cultivated all of the above-listed activities. Moreover, it developed technology of representation and integrated analysis of geo-information, including precise sequence of necessary operations from gathering and coordinate binding of the initial data, their integration and qualitative processing, before creation of large GIS-PROJECTS and information-analytical systems. One of the directions of works is creation of applied computer technologies and systems focused on support of acceptance of administrative decisions in the field of geo-ecology and preservation of the environment. Effective information support of ecologically sound decisions of resource management in the interests of sustainable region development can render information-analytical systems with integrated cartographical and factual graphical databases, which contain the tools allowing to manipulate these data, and programs-analytical means for carrying out their target processing. Acceptance of strategic decisions on the most important problems of natural resources complex management represents a challenge, where productivity of decision depends not only on completeness of gathering of the initial information, but also on the application of highly effective means of the analysis, the forecast and display of intermediate and final results. The most perspective solution to such questions is the use of the systems of situational management. The system of situational management represents a complex of specially organized workplaces for personal and collective analytical work of the leader or group of leaders. The primary goal of such system is support of decision-making on the basis of visualization and profound analytical processing of the information. This system is effective because it enables to attract to active work on decision-making reserves of figurative, associative thinking. Representation of a situation as images or “compresses” of information provides a generalized perception of occurring events. Decisions are accepted with the account not only of the opinions of heads of divisions and representations of the first official, but also on the basis of objective internal and external information. The general principles of construction of a situational management system are the following: - the integral determining system acting as a uniform object, providing granting of services to the maximal number of officials and analytics on access to the information-analytical and support materials required for preparation and acceptance of strategic and administrative decisions;
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- openness to extension and development, including: - opportunity to expand the structure of information-analytical services provided by the system; - opportunity to expand the nomenclature of processed information; - opportunity to connect new analytical means and sources of information; - maintenance of the organization of interaction with new systems; and - opportunity to enlarge the volumes of stored and processed information, updating and development of available analytical means, and also increases in number of served users without essential decrease in operational characteristics of system. - presence of an exhaustive set of mathematical methods and models for carrying out of the profound analysis of situations, modeling, the decision optimization and prognosis problems, search of the latent laws. At present, a great number of automated systems designed for solution of various problems of wildlife management are operating. These systems work in different formats and interfaces and, as a rule, are selfsufficient. Problems arise if one attempts to carry out an integrated analysis of various data traditionally processed by such systems. The basic means for functioning of these systems—is the geo-information environment for solution of various (including ecology) problems. As, practically all processes and objects of wildlife management are spatially divided, geographical information systems (GIS) are an important element of information-analytical systems and systems of situational management. At the present stage of development of rational wildlife management, geology and geoecology, perspective directions of GIS-application are the problems of modeling and forecasting of raw mineral resources, dynamics of development of minerals and raw-material base and ecological situation on the territories of their mining, examinations of projects and plans for the development and accommodation of economic objects in the conditions of natural, ecological and other restrictions for optimization of the use of natural resources. The basic form of presentation solutions to such problems is electronic maps integrating great volumes of cartographical and factographical information. The real place of GIS is not established by representation of intermediate and final results on a map. The important component of information system is both traditional analytical opportunities of GIS and use of GIS-ENVIRONMENT as environments of a whole control system that gives qualitatively new opportunities for preparation and acceptances of administrative decisions due to maintenance of coordination and integration of information on the basis of geographical objects. According to the above-mentioned tendencies in order to achieve further development of information and analytical control of solution to complex problems of regional and territorial processes modeling, and forecast the conditions of ecological systems, it is necessary to connect estimations with creation of domestic unified information and technological GIS-PLATFORM for coordination and representation of diverse (ecological, geological, social and economic, etc.) and multilevel data. Such a platform will provide a uniform model of the data on the basis of existing international and domestic standards, joint representation and visualization of primary, intermediate and final results of data processing, uniform access to the data, integration into the system of analytical appendices, convenient GIS-INTERFACE. This technological approach can be realized on the base of complicated database means of multi-profile tool GIS-SYSTEMS and development of specialized GIS-INTEGRO, which already possesses the advanced GIS-INTERFACE; means of development of the appendices integrated into the GIS-PLATFORM; expanded model of the data; advanced means of data exchange with various GIS-and CAD-systems and a wide set of its own analytical appendices.
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E.N. Cheremissina et al. / Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (2004) 361–364
Speaking about characteristic features of GIS-INTEGRO, one should mention a wide set of mathematical and heuristic algorithms used for integrating spatially distributed information, means of electronic cartography and SMDB for operative access and management of cartographical and factographical data, intellectual interface-making systems accessible even for the experts, not connected with programming, openness and support of various formats of the data for interaction with other systems, providing easiness of configuration and completing new functional blocks. A number of projects on estimation and forecast of the environment conditions of Russian and foreign territories (the Russian Federation, Western Siberia, northeast USA, etc.) formed the basis for the development of information-analytical system of the state monitoring of a condition of subsoil of the Russian Federation, and the first turn of the Situational Center of NRD (Natural Resources Department) of Russia was organized. Methodological, methodical and technological developments are applied not only to the solution of various problems in the field of wildlife management, but they make contribution to the organization of educational courses in various higher educational institutions (Faculty of Geoinformatics of Moscow State University, International University “Dubna”, etc.). There are also organized international and Russian youth ecological conferences and schools seminars on professional training and improvement of professional skills of experts in the field of wildlife management and municipal management.
The geo-information environment for taking ecologically sound decisions on natural resources management E.N. Cheremissina∗ , L.E. Chesallov, O.V. Mitrakova VNIIgeosystem, 8 nVarshavskoe Shosse, Moscow M-105117105, Russian Federation
Abstract The basic scientific principles and technique of integration of the multilevel diverse information are developed on the basis of model of statement and the decision of natural-exploration problems, a concrete definition of problems of a subject domain regulating process, the description and formalization of modeling representations in terms of the initial data, a choice and realization of analytical means of the decision of a problem. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. Keywords: Information-analytical system; GIS; Graphical database; Ecology
The strategic purpose of Russian state ecological policy is balanced solution of social and economic problems, and problems of preservation of a favorable environment and natural resources potential in order to satisfy the needs of present and future generations, i.e., sustainable development of the Russian Federation. Sustainable development is considered as a process of balance creation searched at all levels of decision-making. By development of regional plans of action on sustainable development, necessity of a regular establishment of priority problems is marked. Stability of an environment assumes preservation of natural riches, maintenance of a biodiversity, and health of the human being. The purpose of sustainable development is to achieve stable economy, social justice and stability of the environment. In this connection the applied information, software is represented within the framework of the concept of sustainable development which includes three key aspects: social and economic aspect (the ways of elimination of economic and social inequality between countries, races, classes, social groups),
∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: +7 95 952 6639; fax: +7 95 958 3522. E-mail address: [email protected] (E.N. Cheremissina).
0378-4754/$30.00 © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2004.06.009
362
E.N. Cheremissina et al. / Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (2004) 361–364
ecological aspect (interrelation in the systems society-nature and person-nature), and sociopolitical aspect (ways and methods to satisfy human needs). Solution to the priority problems of social and economic stabilization and steady growth, is determined by the real development of the country and regions, therefore, multi-purpose programs of stabilization and sustainable development should be worked out with the use of modern methodology of acceptance of effective decisions, developed on the basis of: -
integrated system analysis of multilevel and diverse geoecological information; mathematical modeling of social and economic stabilization and steady development processes; mathematical–statistical methods of co-ordination and optimization of expert decisions; and heuristic methods of multi-criteria divisions into districts for estimation and forecast of territory conditions based on a number of factors.
The basic scientific principles and techniques of integration of multilevel diverse information are developed on the basis of the model of statement and solution of the problems of nature exploration, concrete definition of the problems of a subject domain regulating process, description and formalization of modeling representations in terms of initial data, choice and realization of analytical means of problem solution. VNIIgeosystem has cultivated all of the above-listed activities. Moreover, it developed technology of representation and integrated analysis of geo-information, including precise sequence of necessary operations from gathering and coordinate binding of the initial data, their integration and qualitative processing, before creation of large GIS-PROJECTS and information-analytical systems. One of the directions of works is creation of applied computer technologies and systems focused on support of acceptance of administrative decisions in the field of geo-ecology and preservation of the environment. Effective information support of ecologically sound decisions of resource management in the interests of sustainable region development can render information-analytical systems with integrated cartographical and factual graphical databases, which contain the tools allowing to manipulate these data, and programs-analytical means for carrying out their target processing. Acceptance of strategic decisions on the most important problems of natural resources complex management represents a challenge, where productivity of decision depends not only on completeness of gathering of the initial information, but also on the application of highly effective means of the analysis, the forecast and display of intermediate and final results. The most perspective solution to such questions is the use of the systems of situational management. The system of situational management represents a complex of specially organized workplaces for personal and collective analytical work of the leader or group of leaders. The primary goal of such system is support of decision-making on the basis of visualization and profound analytical processing of the information. This system is effective because it enables to attract to active work on decision-making reserves of figurative, associative thinking. Representation of a situation as images or “compresses” of information provides a generalized perception of occurring events. Decisions are accepted with the account not only of the opinions of heads of divisions and representations of the first official, but also on the basis of objective internal and external information. The general principles of construction of a situational management system are the following: - the integral determining system acting as a uniform object, providing granting of services to the maximal number of officials and analytics on access to the information-analytical and support materials required for preparation and acceptance of strategic and administrative decisions;
E.N. Cheremissina et al. / Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (2004) 361–364
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- openness to extension and development, including: - opportunity to expand the structure of information-analytical services provided by the system; - opportunity to expand the nomenclature of processed information; - opportunity to connect new analytical means and sources of information; - maintenance of the organization of interaction with new systems; and - opportunity to enlarge the volumes of stored and processed information, updating and development of available analytical means, and also increases in number of served users without essential decrease in operational characteristics of system. - presence of an exhaustive set of mathematical methods and models for carrying out of the profound analysis of situations, modeling, the decision optimization and prognosis problems, search of the latent laws. At present, a great number of automated systems designed for solution of various problems of wildlife management are operating. These systems work in different formats and interfaces and, as a rule, are selfsufficient. Problems arise if one attempts to carry out an integrated analysis of various data traditionally processed by such systems. The basic means for functioning of these systems—is the geo-information environment for solution of various (including ecology) problems. As, practically all processes and objects of wildlife management are spatially divided, geographical information systems (GIS) are an important element of information-analytical systems and systems of situational management. At the present stage of development of rational wildlife management, geology and geoecology, perspective directions of GIS-application are the problems of modeling and forecasting of raw mineral resources, dynamics of development of minerals and raw-material base and ecological situation on the territories of their mining, examinations of projects and plans for the development and accommodation of economic objects in the conditions of natural, ecological and other restrictions for optimization of the use of natural resources. The basic form of presentation solutions to such problems is electronic maps integrating great volumes of cartographical and factographical information. The real place of GIS is not established by representation of intermediate and final results on a map. The important component of information system is both traditional analytical opportunities of GIS and use of GIS-ENVIRONMENT as environments of a whole control system that gives qualitatively new opportunities for preparation and acceptances of administrative decisions due to maintenance of coordination and integration of information on the basis of geographical objects. According to the above-mentioned tendencies in order to achieve further development of information and analytical control of solution to complex problems of regional and territorial processes modeling, and forecast the conditions of ecological systems, it is necessary to connect estimations with creation of domestic unified information and technological GIS-PLATFORM for coordination and representation of diverse (ecological, geological, social and economic, etc.) and multilevel data. Such a platform will provide a uniform model of the data on the basis of existing international and domestic standards, joint representation and visualization of primary, intermediate and final results of data processing, uniform access to the data, integration into the system of analytical appendices, convenient GIS-INTERFACE. This technological approach can be realized on the base of complicated database means of multi-profile tool GIS-SYSTEMS and development of specialized GIS-INTEGRO, which already possesses the advanced GIS-INTERFACE; means of development of the appendices integrated into the GIS-PLATFORM; expanded model of the data; advanced means of data exchange with various GIS-and CAD-systems and a wide set of its own analytical appendices.
364
E.N. Cheremissina et al. / Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (2004) 361–364
Speaking about characteristic features of GIS-INTEGRO, one should mention a wide set of mathematical and heuristic algorithms used for integrating spatially distributed information, means of electronic cartography and SMDB for operative access and management of cartographical and factographical data, intellectual interface-making systems accessible even for the experts, not connected with programming, openness and support of various formats of the data for interaction with other systems, providing easiness of configuration and completing new functional blocks. A number of projects on estimation and forecast of the environment conditions of Russian and foreign territories (the Russian Federation, Western Siberia, northeast USA, etc.) formed the basis for the development of information-analytical system of the state monitoring of a condition of subsoil of the Russian Federation, and the first turn of the Situational Center of NRD (Natural Resources Department) of Russia was organized. Methodological, methodical and technological developments are applied not only to the solution of various problems in the field of wildlife management, but they make contribution to the organization of educational courses in various higher educational institutions (Faculty of Geoinformatics of Moscow State University, International University “Dubna”, etc.). There are also organized international and Russian youth ecological conferences and schools seminars on professional training and improvement of professional skills of experts in the field of wildlife management and municipal management.