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The inspection of thin-walled stainless steel reactor grade tubing
R. S.,and AVEYARD, S. The hspection of thin-walled
SHARPE,
staialess steel reactor grade tubing. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 201, No. 10, p. 856 (1963) A comprehensive study of a number of non-destructive testing techniques. It is based on detailed examination of some 2,000 specimens ranging in diameter between O-25 in and l-25 in and in wall thickness betweenO~OlOinandO-35 in. Ultrasonic, radiographic, eddy current, fluorescent penetrant and optical methods are compared and as primary inspection for cracks and inclusions the ultrasonic technique is recommended. A sensitive ultrasonic micrometer capable of measuring 2 x 10d in thickness variations in 0.015 in walled tube is also described. (13 figures, 12 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 217) SRIVASTAVA, s. c., and BERKOWITZ,
N.
On the relationship between intemal pressare and ultrasonic velocity. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 41, No. 7, p. 1787 (1963) A mathematical expression is derived which permits the evaluation of internal pressures from readily available or easily measured quantities. Van der Waal’s equation serves as a starting point and although a number of approximations are made, the error introduced by them is comparable to that introduced by other methods of measurement. The relation of internal pressures to sonochemical kinetics has been tested in some 100 liquids and has proved quite acceptable. (4 tables, 3 graphs, 10 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 218) TARTAKOVSKII,B.D. The diffractionpattern
of a point image obtained from round lenses. Akusticheski Zhurnal, 9, No. 4, p. 473 (1963) Results are given of experiments to determine the diffraction phenomena of solid ultrasonic lenses in their focal region. A miniature microphone with 3-dimensional positioning mechanisms was placed in an anechoic tank in distilled water and was used to make measurements in the focal plane and the paraxial regions. The plotted curves were compared to those derived theoretically and it is shown that there exists a reasonable agreement between the two on the pressure distribution along the wavefront. This looks an important contribution to acoustic lens theory although there is still significant divergence between the measured and calculated results. (1 diagram, 11 graphs, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 219) TCHUDINOV,
A. A.
The temperatare dependence of allrasonic velocity in PbS single crystals at 8O-fI40” K. Fizika Twerdogo Tela, 5, No. 5, p. 1458 (1963) This paper is a continuation of work on a number of semiconductors (PbTe, PbSe) where the velocity of sound was measured in lead sulphate along the crystalographic axes (100) and (011) as a function of temperature. The elastic constants of PbS and the dependence of the velocity of ultrasound on temperature are explained. (5 figures, 5 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 220) LL, et al. The effect of altrasoaic3 on the genesis aad properties of heterogeneous catalysts. ZhurnaZ Fizicheskoi Khimii, 38, No. 1, p. 80 (1964) Ultrasonic energy can either raise or lower catalytic activity. Precipitation of platinum and palladium black was singled out for this study and it was found that ultrasonic energy considerably influenced the activity and physical properties of reducing agents. The optimum conditions for the preparation of platinum catalysts are a nitrogen atmosphere and 3 MC/S. (10 graphs, 7 tables, 8 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 22Z) VEN'CHZHOI,
preparation of bitumen em&ions by means of acoustic disperser. Automobil’nie Dorogi, 26, No. 6, p. 8 (1963) An ultrasonic liquid whistle and its pumping, heating and storing equipment is described. It has been specially designed for the emulsification of (BN-17) 49% bitumen with water: addition of 2 % of emulsifier has given best results. The equipment can process 1 ton of bitumen per hour, the quality of which is comparable in every respect to that achieved by more complex machinery. (1 diagram) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 222) The
ZAKHAROV,
I.v.
Ways to achieve TV signal delay using &rasonlcs. Tekhnika Kino i Televedenie, 7, No. 8, p. 29 (1963) The fundamentals of delay lines made from different materials are discussed, with particular reference to the SECAM colour television system. At present it is possible to store a video signal from a fraction of a line to a complete frame and a new magnetostrictive delay line developed for this purpose is thought to offer some advantages. (6 figures, 2 tables, 15 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 223) Ultrasonics in use. Modern Packaging, 37, No. 1, p. 136 (1963) Polyethylene plastic tubes containing the product can be sealed ultrasonically at standard production line speed (50 tubes/mm). The sealer uses a third of the power required by conventional heat sealers and it can seal right through the product by mechanical intermingling of plastics molecules between the two surfaces. The main advantage, however, is the neatness of the seal and the possibility of sealing contaminated plastics surfaces, making it possible to eliminate traces of air from the product. (4 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 224) The use of ultrasoond for blending chemical specialities. Soap and Chemical Specialities, 39, No. 10, p. 175 (1963) This is a description of the ultrasonic liquid whistle manufactured by the Sonic Engineering Corporation and claimed by the users to produce continuously controlled stable emulsions or dispersions of materials of different densities and properties at a fraction of the cost of common techniques. It operates at 20 kc/s, is driven by a general purpose pump that can be used for other duties as well. Cleaning the pump for processing different materials takes only a few minutes and the overall maintenance cost of the whole equipment is almost negligible. (5 photographs) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 225) Measuring liquid composition by ulirasoaics. Measurement and Control, 2, NO. 8, p. 324 (1963) The velocity of ultrasonic waves is proportional to the composition, temperature and pressure of the transmitting medium and it is claimed that impurities in liquids in the proportion of one part in 105 can be detected. Blending or identification of various mixtures or determining carbohydrate and butter content of milk is also possible. This ultrasonic velocimeter is based on equipment developed at the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratories and consists of a stainless steel cylinder the ends of which are closed by two quartz crystal transducers. Successive 50 nS pulses are transmitted by one crystal and after the initial calibration any discrepancy in composition, temperature or pressure will show as phase difference between two successive pulses; adjusting the frequency for phase coincidence is the measure of any change. (1 photograph, 1 diagram) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 226)
ULTRA~NICS/
April-June
I964
SHARPE,
staialess steel reactor grade tubing. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 201, No. 10, p. 856 (1963) A comprehensive study of a number of non-destructive testing techniques. It is based on detailed examination of some 2,000 specimens ranging in diameter between O-25 in and l-25 in and in wall thickness betweenO~OlOinandO-35 in. Ultrasonic, radiographic, eddy current, fluorescent penetrant and optical methods are compared and as primary inspection for cracks and inclusions the ultrasonic technique is recommended. A sensitive ultrasonic micrometer capable of measuring 2 x 10d in thickness variations in 0.015 in walled tube is also described. (13 figures, 12 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 217) SRIVASTAVA, s. c., and BERKOWITZ,
N.
On the relationship between intemal pressare and ultrasonic velocity. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 41, No. 7, p. 1787 (1963) A mathematical expression is derived which permits the evaluation of internal pressures from readily available or easily measured quantities. Van der Waal’s equation serves as a starting point and although a number of approximations are made, the error introduced by them is comparable to that introduced by other methods of measurement. The relation of internal pressures to sonochemical kinetics has been tested in some 100 liquids and has proved quite acceptable. (4 tables, 3 graphs, 10 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 218) TARTAKOVSKII,B.D. The diffractionpattern
of a point image obtained from round lenses. Akusticheski Zhurnal, 9, No. 4, p. 473 (1963) Results are given of experiments to determine the diffraction phenomena of solid ultrasonic lenses in their focal region. A miniature microphone with 3-dimensional positioning mechanisms was placed in an anechoic tank in distilled water and was used to make measurements in the focal plane and the paraxial regions. The plotted curves were compared to those derived theoretically and it is shown that there exists a reasonable agreement between the two on the pressure distribution along the wavefront. This looks an important contribution to acoustic lens theory although there is still significant divergence between the measured and calculated results. (1 diagram, 11 graphs, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 219) TCHUDINOV,
A. A.
The temperatare dependence of allrasonic velocity in PbS single crystals at 8O-fI40” K. Fizika Twerdogo Tela, 5, No. 5, p. 1458 (1963) This paper is a continuation of work on a number of semiconductors (PbTe, PbSe) where the velocity of sound was measured in lead sulphate along the crystalographic axes (100) and (011) as a function of temperature. The elastic constants of PbS and the dependence of the velocity of ultrasound on temperature are explained. (5 figures, 5 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 220) LL, et al. The effect of altrasoaic3 on the genesis aad properties of heterogeneous catalysts. ZhurnaZ Fizicheskoi Khimii, 38, No. 1, p. 80 (1964) Ultrasonic energy can either raise or lower catalytic activity. Precipitation of platinum and palladium black was singled out for this study and it was found that ultrasonic energy considerably influenced the activity and physical properties of reducing agents. The optimum conditions for the preparation of platinum catalysts are a nitrogen atmosphere and 3 MC/S. (10 graphs, 7 tables, 8 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 22Z) VEN'CHZHOI,
preparation of bitumen em&ions by means of acoustic disperser. Automobil’nie Dorogi, 26, No. 6, p. 8 (1963) An ultrasonic liquid whistle and its pumping, heating and storing equipment is described. It has been specially designed for the emulsification of (BN-17) 49% bitumen with water: addition of 2 % of emulsifier has given best results. The equipment can process 1 ton of bitumen per hour, the quality of which is comparable in every respect to that achieved by more complex machinery. (1 diagram) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 222) The
ZAKHAROV,
I.v.
Ways to achieve TV signal delay using &rasonlcs. Tekhnika Kino i Televedenie, 7, No. 8, p. 29 (1963) The fundamentals of delay lines made from different materials are discussed, with particular reference to the SECAM colour television system. At present it is possible to store a video signal from a fraction of a line to a complete frame and a new magnetostrictive delay line developed for this purpose is thought to offer some advantages. (6 figures, 2 tables, 15 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 223) Ultrasonics in use. Modern Packaging, 37, No. 1, p. 136 (1963) Polyethylene plastic tubes containing the product can be sealed ultrasonically at standard production line speed (50 tubes/mm). The sealer uses a third of the power required by conventional heat sealers and it can seal right through the product by mechanical intermingling of plastics molecules between the two surfaces. The main advantage, however, is the neatness of the seal and the possibility of sealing contaminated plastics surfaces, making it possible to eliminate traces of air from the product. (4 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 224) The use of ultrasoond for blending chemical specialities. Soap and Chemical Specialities, 39, No. 10, p. 175 (1963) This is a description of the ultrasonic liquid whistle manufactured by the Sonic Engineering Corporation and claimed by the users to produce continuously controlled stable emulsions or dispersions of materials of different densities and properties at a fraction of the cost of common techniques. It operates at 20 kc/s, is driven by a general purpose pump that can be used for other duties as well. Cleaning the pump for processing different materials takes only a few minutes and the overall maintenance cost of the whole equipment is almost negligible. (5 photographs) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 225) Measuring liquid composition by ulirasoaics. Measurement and Control, 2, NO. 8, p. 324 (1963) The velocity of ultrasonic waves is proportional to the composition, temperature and pressure of the transmitting medium and it is claimed that impurities in liquids in the proportion of one part in 105 can be detected. Blending or identification of various mixtures or determining carbohydrate and butter content of milk is also possible. This ultrasonic velocimeter is based on equipment developed at the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratories and consists of a stainless steel cylinder the ends of which are closed by two quartz crystal transducers. Successive 50 nS pulses are transmitted by one crystal and after the initial calibration any discrepancy in composition, temperature or pressure will show as phase difference between two successive pulses; adjusting the frequency for phase coincidence is the measure of any change. (1 photograph, 1 diagram) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 226)
ULTRA~NICS/
April-June
I964