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The relationship between resting state cortical hemodynamics and emotion regulation
International Journal of Psychophysiology 94 (2014) 120–261
These results suggest that brain activity in left DLPFC might be related to decision-making by both dimensions (time and money). Furthermore, hemodynamic response might reveal decision-making process in individuals with intellectual disabilities. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.782
Effect of emotion reappraisal on phasic cardiovascular responses to affective pictures Jonathan R. Krygiera, James A.J. Heathersa, James J. Grossb, Maree Abbotta, Andrew H. Kempa,c a School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia b Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States c CADE Clinic, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Heart rate variability (HRV) – a measure of the variation in the interbeat intervals of the heart – is an important index of autonomic state. HRV is reduced in psychopathology and is associated with individual differences in emotion regulation, which have in turn been linked to psychological wellbeing. The current study examined links between baseline HRV and emotion regulation, and the influence of emotion regulation on state frequency measures of HRV. Eighty-eight participants viewed 4 sets of pictures (2 positive, 2 negative) and were instructed to either “reappraise” so that they felt nothing in relation to the image, or simply view the image without regulating their emotional experience. HRV frequency measures and subjective responses to each picture and set of pictures were compared using a 2 (Valence, positive vs. negative) × 2 (Regulation, view vs. reappraisal) repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations between baseline HRV and individual differences in emotion regulation were also examined. Baseline HF-HRV was well correlated to reduction in arousal to negative images during reappraisal (r(57) = .311, p = .018) and somewhat correlated with reduced negative valence to negative images during reappraisal (r(58) = −.259, p = .050). Correlations of HF-HRV with valence and arousal were not significant for positive images. ANOVA revealed significant HRV differences between viewing positive and negative images for all HRV measures and for subjective responses. Subjective ratings of valence and arousal for all images were less extreme in reappraisal than freeviewing, indicating successful emotion regulation. Physiologically, however, there was an effect of reappraisal only for LF-HRV corresponding to image presentation. Overall these findings suggests that HRV related to individual differences in emotion regulation, and also that the regulation of emotional responses can modify a series of phasic cardiac responses over time. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.783
The relationship between resting state cortical hemodynamics and emotion regulation Noriaki Kanayama, Satoru Sakurai, Hirona Konishi, Tomoya Matsumoto, Yasumasa Okamoto, Shigeto Yamawaki Hiroshima University, Japan Background: Emotion regulation is an important function for us to perform any goal-directed behavior, ignoring irrelevant emotional information. Especially, this function could be closely related to affective disorder including depression and anxiety. Actually, in depressive patients, performance of n-back task as a short-term memory test is decreased if presented stimuli include negative emotional valance. The
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cortical activation of default mode network (DMN) has been considered to be a biomarker of affective disorder. In this study, we have studied the relationship between DMN activation and emotional regulation ability using functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: 25 undergraduate students (15 women, 13 men, mean age 21.48 (SD 1.13)) participated in the study. First, participants wore a NIRS holder on their head and the source-detector probes were attached on the holder. The probes were located on the frontal and centro-parietal midline. Participants were seated on a comfortable chair and put their chin on a chin-rest, and performed two resting tasks: the first was in eyes-open and the other was in eyes-closed condition. Next, participants performed cognitive tasks, including emotional 0-back and 2-back tasks. During the 0 back-task, participants viewed the faces with neutral or negative facial expression from 4 Japanese actors (2 women and 2 men, taken from the ATR Facial Expression Image Database (DB99)), and evaluated emotional valance of the presented face by pressing a corresponding key (neutral or negative). During the emotional 2-back task, participants were asked to memorize the past 2 faces and answer whether the presented face showed the same facial expression as the one that presented two back in the sequence. Results and Discussion: Oxy-Hb data during the resting state task were filtered by a low-pass filter of 0.4 Hz. Low-frequency oscillation (LFO: 0.04–0.15 Hz) and very low-frequency oscillation (VLFO: 0.02– 0.04 Hz) of Oxy-Hb change were calculated in each resting state task. Significant correlations between the VLFO at eyes-closed resting task and the task performances of n-back task were observed at the right medial prefrontal cortex (r = .40, p b 0.05). This result suggests that the resting state hemodynamics could be a predictor of emotion regulation. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.784
Neuroticism facilitates daytime wakefulness and sleep devaluation via higher neural efficiency in the bilateral prefrontal cortex Takuya Yoshiikea,b, Ken’ichi Kuriyamaa, Motoyasu Honmaa, Hiroki Ikedaa, Yoshiharu Kima a Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan b Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Kinko Hospital, Kanagawa Psychiatric Center, Japan Background: Neuroticism, a personality trait of emotional vulnerability, has been suggested to rescue some cognitive impairments due to sleep loss by increased wake-promotion, while it could contribute to devaluation of subjective sleep quality. To provide further insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the neuroticism-mediated interplay between wake promotion and sleep devaluation, we focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) function that simultaneously contributes to top-down regulation of wake promotion or attention under sleep loss and to perception of habitual sleep quality. Methods: Prefrontal activation during executing n-back working memory (WM) tasks was measured by using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy after a 2-h sleep restriction in 49 healthy subjects (21.3 ± 1.2 years; 26 females). Individual wake-promoting ability (WPA) was defined by a change in sleepiness levels assessed just before and after the WM task execution using Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Neuroticism personality trait and habitual sleep quality were evaluated using Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Personality Inventory and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Results: WPA was significantly correlated not only with WM performance (response time) in a high-load task (r = −.31; p = .032), but
These results suggest that brain activity in left DLPFC might be related to decision-making by both dimensions (time and money). Furthermore, hemodynamic response might reveal decision-making process in individuals with intellectual disabilities. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.782
Effect of emotion reappraisal on phasic cardiovascular responses to affective pictures Jonathan R. Krygiera, James A.J. Heathersa, James J. Grossb, Maree Abbotta, Andrew H. Kempa,c a School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia b Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States c CADE Clinic, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Heart rate variability (HRV) – a measure of the variation in the interbeat intervals of the heart – is an important index of autonomic state. HRV is reduced in psychopathology and is associated with individual differences in emotion regulation, which have in turn been linked to psychological wellbeing. The current study examined links between baseline HRV and emotion regulation, and the influence of emotion regulation on state frequency measures of HRV. Eighty-eight participants viewed 4 sets of pictures (2 positive, 2 negative) and were instructed to either “reappraise” so that they felt nothing in relation to the image, or simply view the image without regulating their emotional experience. HRV frequency measures and subjective responses to each picture and set of pictures were compared using a 2 (Valence, positive vs. negative) × 2 (Regulation, view vs. reappraisal) repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations between baseline HRV and individual differences in emotion regulation were also examined. Baseline HF-HRV was well correlated to reduction in arousal to negative images during reappraisal (r(57) = .311, p = .018) and somewhat correlated with reduced negative valence to negative images during reappraisal (r(58) = −.259, p = .050). Correlations of HF-HRV with valence and arousal were not significant for positive images. ANOVA revealed significant HRV differences between viewing positive and negative images for all HRV measures and for subjective responses. Subjective ratings of valence and arousal for all images were less extreme in reappraisal than freeviewing, indicating successful emotion regulation. Physiologically, however, there was an effect of reappraisal only for LF-HRV corresponding to image presentation. Overall these findings suggests that HRV related to individual differences in emotion regulation, and also that the regulation of emotional responses can modify a series of phasic cardiac responses over time. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.783
The relationship between resting state cortical hemodynamics and emotion regulation Noriaki Kanayama, Satoru Sakurai, Hirona Konishi, Tomoya Matsumoto, Yasumasa Okamoto, Shigeto Yamawaki Hiroshima University, Japan Background: Emotion regulation is an important function for us to perform any goal-directed behavior, ignoring irrelevant emotional information. Especially, this function could be closely related to affective disorder including depression and anxiety. Actually, in depressive patients, performance of n-back task as a short-term memory test is decreased if presented stimuli include negative emotional valance. The
187
cortical activation of default mode network (DMN) has been considered to be a biomarker of affective disorder. In this study, we have studied the relationship between DMN activation and emotional regulation ability using functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: 25 undergraduate students (15 women, 13 men, mean age 21.48 (SD 1.13)) participated in the study. First, participants wore a NIRS holder on their head and the source-detector probes were attached on the holder. The probes were located on the frontal and centro-parietal midline. Participants were seated on a comfortable chair and put their chin on a chin-rest, and performed two resting tasks: the first was in eyes-open and the other was in eyes-closed condition. Next, participants performed cognitive tasks, including emotional 0-back and 2-back tasks. During the 0 back-task, participants viewed the faces with neutral or negative facial expression from 4 Japanese actors (2 women and 2 men, taken from the ATR Facial Expression Image Database (DB99)), and evaluated emotional valance of the presented face by pressing a corresponding key (neutral or negative). During the emotional 2-back task, participants were asked to memorize the past 2 faces and answer whether the presented face showed the same facial expression as the one that presented two back in the sequence. Results and Discussion: Oxy-Hb data during the resting state task were filtered by a low-pass filter of 0.4 Hz. Low-frequency oscillation (LFO: 0.04–0.15 Hz) and very low-frequency oscillation (VLFO: 0.02– 0.04 Hz) of Oxy-Hb change were calculated in each resting state task. Significant correlations between the VLFO at eyes-closed resting task and the task performances of n-back task were observed at the right medial prefrontal cortex (r = .40, p b 0.05). This result suggests that the resting state hemodynamics could be a predictor of emotion regulation. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.784
Neuroticism facilitates daytime wakefulness and sleep devaluation via higher neural efficiency in the bilateral prefrontal cortex Takuya Yoshiikea,b, Ken’ichi Kuriyamaa, Motoyasu Honmaa, Hiroki Ikedaa, Yoshiharu Kima a Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan b Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Kinko Hospital, Kanagawa Psychiatric Center, Japan Background: Neuroticism, a personality trait of emotional vulnerability, has been suggested to rescue some cognitive impairments due to sleep loss by increased wake-promotion, while it could contribute to devaluation of subjective sleep quality. To provide further insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the neuroticism-mediated interplay between wake promotion and sleep devaluation, we focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) function that simultaneously contributes to top-down regulation of wake promotion or attention under sleep loss and to perception of habitual sleep quality. Methods: Prefrontal activation during executing n-back working memory (WM) tasks was measured by using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy after a 2-h sleep restriction in 49 healthy subjects (21.3 ± 1.2 years; 26 females). Individual wake-promoting ability (WPA) was defined by a change in sleepiness levels assessed just before and after the WM task execution using Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Neuroticism personality trait and habitual sleep quality were evaluated using Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Personality Inventory and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Results: WPA was significantly correlated not only with WM performance (response time) in a high-load task (r = −.31; p = .032), but