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The role of food palatability on cephalic postprandial thermogenesis in human subjects
222 Serotonin Hydration Psychology
ABSTRACTS and Carbohydrate Demand-Effects Modulated by Degree of of Test Diets. C. L. LAWTON and J. E. BLUNDELL. Biopsycho/ogyGroup, Department,
University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
An experimental procedure was adapted to investigate the relationship between serotonin (5-HT) and carbohydrate intake. A sweet (sucrose) and a bland (Polycose) solution was offered as a supplement to a complete diet (chow). Initial studies using d-fenfluramine, RU 24969 and fluoxetine resulted in a sparing of the carbohydrate solutions. When chow was hydrated to a similar degree as the carbohydrates, making all choices equal in caloric density (5.12 kJ/g), the sparing effect almost disappeared. This effect, therefore, appears to be due to animals preferentially satisfying their water requirements via the carbohydrate solutions. The results suggest that in dietary self-selection, drug effects are dependent upon composition of the diets.
The Role of Food Palatability on Cephalic Postprandial Thermogenesis in Human Subjects. J. LEBLANC. School of Medicine, Lava/ University, QuBbec, Canada.
Oxygen consumption was measured before and for 1 h following the ingestion of a piece of sugar pie (400 calories) (mealfeeding). On another day the subjects were asked to chew the food but to spit it out without swallowing it (shamfeeding). During the first 30min the increase in 0, consumption was higher with sham feeding than with meal feeding. During the 30 to 60min period, a second peak was found with meal feeding but not with sham feeding. Plasma norepinephrine increase was larger with sham than with meal feeding. Subjective ratings by the subjects indicated that meal feeding reduced hunger and increased the feeling of fullness more than sham feeding. Role of Hypothalamic Steroids in Feeding: Circadian Analysis of Impact on Macronutrient Intake. SARAH F. LEIBOWITZ and DONNA L. TEMPEL. The Rockefeller
University,
New York, NY 10021, U.S.A.
To identify the function of brain steroid receptors in the control of feeding, we have conducted experiments with hormone implants in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). These studies have revealed a selective stimulatory effect of the glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT), on carbohydrate intake, with no change in fat or protein intake. This effect occurs in adrenalectomized (ADX) but not in sham-operated rats, and it is apparent only at the start of the active (dark) cycle when circulating CORT levels normally peak. This contrasts with the effects of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, which potentiates fat intake to a greater extent than carbohydrate intake, and which is effective both in sham and ADX rats, as well as throughout the dark cycle.
Sex-dependent of Kainic Acid
Body Weight Changes After into the Medial or Lateral
lontophoretic Hypothalamus.
Application
L. LENARD, G. JAND6, P. SANDOR, A. HAJNAL and Z. KARADI. Neurophysiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, University Medical School, H- 7643 P&s, Hungary.
Body weight changes and food and water intake were studied in CFY male and female rats after kainic acid (KA) induced destruction of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) or the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). To minimize the damaged area, KA was iontophoretically applied by means of glass micropipettes. Lesions were restricted to the LHA or VMH. Effects were sex-dependent. LHA lesions resulted in hypophagia, hypodipsia and body weight loss only in male rats. On the other hand, only female animals exhibited weight increase when the VMH was destroyed. The role of sex-dependency in hypothalamic body weight regulation is discussed.
ABSTRACTS and Carbohydrate Demand-Effects Modulated by Degree of of Test Diets. C. L. LAWTON and J. E. BLUNDELL. Biopsycho/ogyGroup, Department,
University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
An experimental procedure was adapted to investigate the relationship between serotonin (5-HT) and carbohydrate intake. A sweet (sucrose) and a bland (Polycose) solution was offered as a supplement to a complete diet (chow). Initial studies using d-fenfluramine, RU 24969 and fluoxetine resulted in a sparing of the carbohydrate solutions. When chow was hydrated to a similar degree as the carbohydrates, making all choices equal in caloric density (5.12 kJ/g), the sparing effect almost disappeared. This effect, therefore, appears to be due to animals preferentially satisfying their water requirements via the carbohydrate solutions. The results suggest that in dietary self-selection, drug effects are dependent upon composition of the diets.
The Role of Food Palatability on Cephalic Postprandial Thermogenesis in Human Subjects. J. LEBLANC. School of Medicine, Lava/ University, QuBbec, Canada.
Oxygen consumption was measured before and for 1 h following the ingestion of a piece of sugar pie (400 calories) (mealfeeding). On another day the subjects were asked to chew the food but to spit it out without swallowing it (shamfeeding). During the first 30min the increase in 0, consumption was higher with sham feeding than with meal feeding. During the 30 to 60min period, a second peak was found with meal feeding but not with sham feeding. Plasma norepinephrine increase was larger with sham than with meal feeding. Subjective ratings by the subjects indicated that meal feeding reduced hunger and increased the feeling of fullness more than sham feeding. Role of Hypothalamic Steroids in Feeding: Circadian Analysis of Impact on Macronutrient Intake. SARAH F. LEIBOWITZ and DONNA L. TEMPEL. The Rockefeller
University,
New York, NY 10021, U.S.A.
To identify the function of brain steroid receptors in the control of feeding, we have conducted experiments with hormone implants in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). These studies have revealed a selective stimulatory effect of the glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT), on carbohydrate intake, with no change in fat or protein intake. This effect occurs in adrenalectomized (ADX) but not in sham-operated rats, and it is apparent only at the start of the active (dark) cycle when circulating CORT levels normally peak. This contrasts with the effects of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, which potentiates fat intake to a greater extent than carbohydrate intake, and which is effective both in sham and ADX rats, as well as throughout the dark cycle.
Sex-dependent of Kainic Acid
Body Weight Changes After into the Medial or Lateral
lontophoretic Hypothalamus.
Application
L. LENARD, G. JAND6, P. SANDOR, A. HAJNAL and Z. KARADI. Neurophysiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, University Medical School, H- 7643 P&s, Hungary.
Body weight changes and food and water intake were studied in CFY male and female rats after kainic acid (KA) induced destruction of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) or the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). To minimize the damaged area, KA was iontophoretically applied by means of glass micropipettes. Lesions were restricted to the LHA or VMH. Effects were sex-dependent. LHA lesions resulted in hypophagia, hypodipsia and body weight loss only in male rats. On the other hand, only female animals exhibited weight increase when the VMH was destroyed. The role of sex-dependency in hypothalamic body weight regulation is discussed.