The substitution of materials

Resources reading This

section

articles

gives

details

connected

with

inclusion

in ‘Resources

of

recent

publications

resources

(eg

issues.

titles,

are arranged

ignoring

definite

Economics, agement

Saving

in alphabetical and indefinite

planning

of raw materials:

order

Cost/benefits

and man-

the part played

progress

an example

as a source of metallic

of

struc-

tures (in French)

Levy, J. Annales des Mines No 6 (June 1975)pp35-42 There has been considerable progress in science as a result of materials aeronautical and space research, and nuclear research programmes. Part of this progress has been the more efficient use and maintenance of materials with subsequent economies in the use of raw materials.

General

The substitution of materials (in French) Roche, B. Annaies des Mines No 6 (June 1975) pp 43-54 The author discusses the economic and scientific factors involved in substitution technology and uses the case of substitutes for copper as an example.

374

abstracts

welcomes

of published

contributions

for

nable glass containers, an increase in the recovery of glass and plastics materials. Such a solution would, it is argued, be acceptable to all concerned.

and reclamation

of

articles.

(in French) Chamen, M. Annales des Mines No 6 (June 1975)~~ 12-18 It is suggested that to implement a global policy of raw materials conservation will require considerable effort to change established habits of production and consumption. Promotion of recycling, of substitution technology and increasing the durability of products are all important factors that must be considered. It is argued that public Authorities must play a wider part by training, research, standardisation and the spread of information to assist the recovery and use of waste products.

savings:

POLICY

Recycling

by public Authorities

Technological

reports)and

and

reading’

Abstracts Abstracts

books

RESOURCES

of solid waste

re-use

Shulz, H.W. Environmental Science and Technology Vol 9 No 5 (MaJj 1975) pp 423-42 7 The economies of recovering energy, glass and metals from municipal solid waste arc such that the refuse can be considered as an ‘urban ore’. Fuels from recycling

systems

Tillman, D.A. Environmental Science and Techttologv Vol9 No 5 (May 1975) pp 418-422 The author describes three recycling systems being used in the USA for the recovery of energy. The systems produce a wet fuel (50% solids in water); a pyrolytic gas: and a dry fuel (light paper and plastics). An

ill-regarded

trade:

the

waste

(in French) le Gouvello de la Porte, M. Annales Mines No 6 (June 1975) pp 25-28 The author reviews the problems countered by scrap-merchants ticularly problems of recruitment equipment. He outlines the need assistance from local Authorities. materials

recoverer

The

possibilities

costs

in the food packaging

of

reducing

des enparand for

energy

industry

(in

French) Gaucheron. J.J. Annales des Mines No 6 (June 1975)~~ 69-74 The author gives an account of a study undertaken in France to analyse the economic and social factors to be considered in the formulation of a new policy for liquids packaging. The study concludes that reverting completely to a system of returnable glass containers would he economically irrational and socially unacceptable. It is suggested that energy consumption could be reduced by 20% over a 5-year period by packaging improvement of the technology, partial reversion to retur-

Recovery

-

a means

of protecting

the

(in French) AfTholder, M. Annales des Mines No 6 (June 1975) Whilst recovery is well organised in very poor communities, this is seemingly not the case in industrialised societies where wastes can cause serious harm to author the environment. The emphasises the fact that the use of recycled material can help reduce the need for virgin raw materials and reduce environmental pollution. environment

The recovery amples

of household

of processes

and

refuse - exdevelopment

prospects (in French) Cony. J.N. Atmales des Mines No 6 (.lLrtte 1975) pp 75-8 I The recycling of household refuse offers industrialised countries the possibility of overcoming problems of materials supply and environmental pollution. The authors describe several schemes being used in France and elsewhere to re-use refuse, either as a source of materials or as a source of energy. Recycling

-

polystyrene

reclaimed

impact

from used containers

Owen, T. and Bevis, M. Polymer Age Volume 6 (56) Nos 7 & 8. July/August 1975 pp 212-213 Following a previous article on recycling of. polyolefins, the authors describe here the results of their work on reclaimed polystyrene. It is shown that the cleaned scrap can be n-used to give new products with acceptable properties. Recycling

- recycling

urethane

foams

Editorial. Po&mer Age Volume 6 (56) Nos 7 & 8, Julj*/August 1975~~ 215 Unlike thermoplastics, which can be recycled by melt processing, thermosets

RESOURCES

POLICY

December

1975

such as urethanes treatment. two

require

The article

processes,

m&e

briefly

developed

in the USA,

that can be used to recover diamine

radical

describes polyol

and

from the urethanes.

The author questions systems

the energy

November 1974 pp 5 PB-238 46519 PS.

this

$3. IO/Microfiche

sets out to answer -

‘regardless

we

choose,

of can

his own planet

the required raw SUPPlY us with materials to build all the facilities needed to sustain a continuous

Publications .-

received

The Contrasumers - a citizen’s guide to resource conservation Fritsch, A.J. Praeger Publishers, II I Fourth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA (1974) 182 pp The book

sets out to identify

into which led

by

the world

its

future

energy

and

requirements suggestions tion

munity.

assessed

and

levels ~ individual,

national

com-

and international.

Copper deposits J.H. Tatsch Associates, 120 Thunder Sudbury, Road, Massachusetts 01776, USA (1975) 339 pp. $72.00 Tatsch.

Using

his Tectonospheric

the author

Earth

sets out to explain

evolution

and

emplacement

of copper

Environment: resources, pollution and society (second edition) Murdoch, W.W. W.H. Freeman and Company Ltd, 58 Kings Road, Reading, England RGI 3AA (July 1975) 496pp, ‘f5.50 ‘Population

vironmental topics,

and resources’.

degradation’

vironment

and

society’

the book

the possible

technological

headings,

and simultaneously

the

arising

disciplines

considers

law.

management

are of

mineral,

energy

and

all

and

represented.

subjects,

individually

are

us?’

Alternative

clude

fusion,

sources

of

power,

vironmental nuclear

systems solar

water and,

such

as

resources, in some

reviewed

in-

hazards

coal.

interim The

associated

ission are forcefully

en-

(A

bibliography

with

Lehmann, E.J. National Technical Irrformation Service, Springfield, Va, Janrtarj, 1975 pp 106 Paper

NTIS/PSm75/054/PS. $25.OO/Microfiche

copy

$25.00

with

described.

Environmental mining of coal

protection

in surface

E.C., and Hill. R.D. National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, October I974 pp 292 PS. Paper copy PB-238 53813

NT Publicat ions

%6.00/Microtiche

The following reports can be obtained from NTIS, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22 16 1, USA. Unless a foreign sales price is quoted, all purchases from outside the USA must include an extra $2.50 for each document and $1.50 for each microfiche. The publication code for each report must be given with all orders.

Regional and Urban Solid Waste disposal. Part I. Management Planning (A bibliography with abstracts) Smith. M.F. National Technical Information Service, Springfield Va. Jan 1975~~ 86 NTIS/PS75/184/2PS.

Paper

$25.00/Microfiche

copy

$25.00

Remote sensing for natural resource, environmental, and regional planning (A bibliography with abstracts) Lehmann. E.J. National Technical Information Service, Spriq$eld, Va. January 1975 pp 96 NTIS/PS75/104/0

PS.

%25.OO/Microfiche

Paper

copy

$25.00

$2.25

Economic significance phosphate industry

RESOURCES

1975

Wang. A.F.

K.L.,

Bureau

Klein.

RI 8039 Converting Stainless Steel Furnace Flue Dusts and Wastes to a Recyclable Alloy Bureau of Mines Report on Investigations (1975) The

report

describes

recovering nickel.

some

and

Powell,

Arlington,

Va

a

of

molybdenum

tion

of stainless

recovery lead.

for

chromium,

and other

metals

in the produc-

steel. The

product

of

is in the form of an alloy steel

is suitable when

recovered

process

the

from the dusts generated

for recycling.

present

Zinc

and

in the wastes,

are

as by-products

in the form of

oxide fumes.

SP 4-75 Status of the Mineral Industries Bureau of Mines Staff Special Publications (1975) 20pp Bureau

has

highlighting

certain

of mineral

industries.

information

B.W.

of Mines,

The following publications are available, free, from the Publications Distribution Branch, Bureau of Mines, US Department of the Interior, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 1 52 13, USA. (The Bureau can only undertake to supply one copy of few publication and only a any publications to any one applicant since their stocks are limited.)

The

of the Florida

$2.25

US Bureau of Mines

that

Assessment of Uranium and Thorium resources in the United States and the effect of policy alternatives Burnham, J.B. et al. Battelle-Pacific Northwest Labs, Richland, Wash. December I974 pp 223 PB-238 65819 PS. Paper copy

Fuels, minerals and human survival Reed, C.B. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, BafJ?ns Lane, Chichester, Sussex, England (August 1975) 200 pp. f6.40

December

Strip mining abstracts)

copy

Grim,

$7,25/Microfiche

cases. discussed by the editor.

POLICY

to

energy, and

aher-

available

factors.

economics,

groups

treated

to

under these

ecology,

resources

meteorologY

for

of

Various are

main

legal and political

demography. sociology.

its

solutions

problems

Thus

‘En-

a forum

the many

the economic,

‘En-

and as

provides

systems

Model,

the origin,

deposits.

Taking

and. ‘what

energy

The

resources

are made for their conserva-

on four

output?’

nate

being

habits.

materials

are

in our power

the crises

is apparently

consumption

growth

Paper

$2.25

minerals.

prepared Diagrams

concerning metals.

charts

aspects of the status

and mineral

present mining, rectama-

tion.

375