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Twenty years of SSNTD studies in Yugoslavia
0735-245X/90 $3.00 + .00 Pergamon Press plc
Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 5--6, 1990 Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrum., Part D Printed in Great Britain
TWENTY YEARS OF SSNTD STUDIES IN YUGOSLAVIA R. ANTANASIJEVIC7 Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 57, 11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Received 28 July 1989)
Autoradiography and neutron radiography are IN 1968, a group of collaborators from the Laboratory for High Energy Physics of the Institute of being used in the investigation of materials and new Physics, Belgrade, at which nuclear emulsions have technologies (Rant et al., 1983; Loose et al., 1987; I!i¢ been used as detectors of charged particles, intro- and Altstetter, 1981). These methods are of special duced Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (polycar- interest due to their high spatial resolution (I1i6 et al., 1983, 1986). The application of SSNTD in dosimetry bonates) in investigation of fission processes of heavy was also studied (Antanasijevi6 et al., 1977). Various nuclei (Antanasijevi6 et al., 1971, 1972). At the same time, methodological problems of systems for data evaluation were developed (Skvar~ detection of ionized particles in nitrocellulose detec- et al., 1987; Najf~er et aL, 1980; Antanasijevi6 et al., 1979). tors become the subject of new studies (Vukovi6 and The application in geology was performed with the Antanasijevir, 1969). In 1974 at the Jo~ef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, the investigation of autoradi- purpose of determining the age of minerals (Antanaography with SSNTDs started ((~opi~ et al., 1976; sijevi6 et al., 1972), concentration of uranium (Jakupi Rant and I1i6, 1977). Later some other institutions et al., 1981) and especially in the prospection of and/or universities started with application of SS- uranium ore deposit (Najf~er et al., 1984; Sutej et al., NTDs, either in collaboration with the Institute of 1984; Naj~er et aL, 1979). Some cosmological problems were solved first of all Physics and J. Stefan Institute, or independently. During the last twenty years, SSNTDs were the by the analysis of the tracks of heavy ionized particles subject of investigation, the purpose of which was not in "outer" samples (Yadev et aL, 1983; Jakupi et al., 1984). only to determine their detection characteristics and The biological effects of radiation were investicalibration (Antanasijevi6 and Jurir, 1972; Krsti6 et al., 1983), but also to study their basic characteristics gated by autoradiographic technique (Vukovir, 1984). In addition, significant attention was paid to and application. Significant attention was paid to the studies of the development of new detectors. fission and fragmentation processes in interactions of medium- and high-energy particles with nuclei ((~opi~ REFERENCES et al., 1976; Debeauvais et al., 1981; Todorovi6 and Antanasijevir, 1985; Grabe~ et aL, 1980). Antanasijevi~ R. and Juri¢ M. (1972) Densitometric characteristics of the different kinds of cellulose nitrate. Effective cross-section of different reaction chanIn Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Nucl. Photog. Sol. St. Track nels were analysed with emitted fragment multiDet., Bucharest, Vol. 1, p. 223. plicities and their mass, energetic and angular Antanasijevi6 R., Juri6 M. and Gerc V. (1971) The terdistribution were measured. Based on the results nary fission of U-235 induced by thermal neutrons. In obtained, the corresponding mechanisms for proProc. Meet. Yugoslav Nucl. Phys., Opatija. Fizika 4, Suppl. 59. duction of low-energy fragments in these interactions were analysed. For the purpose of the identification Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi6 ~., Juri6 M. and Gerc M. (1972) An analysis of the binary and ternary fission of of nuclear reaction low-energy products, certain uranium induced by 12.2 GeV protons. Z. Phys. 254, methods were developed, making possible the direct 106-111. measurements of track parameters needed for their Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi~ ~., Stamatovi6 A. and Mio~inovi6 D. (1977) Factors affecting the sensitivity identification after a definite detector chemical treatof plastic detectors to ionizing particle registration. ment was performed. Nucl. lnstrum. Meth. 147, 139-140. A new method for identification of low-energy Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi6 ~., Stamatovi¢ A. and fragments was induced (Grabe~ et al., 1986; Mio~inovi¢ D. (1979) Semiautomatic scanning tracks in Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors. In Proc. lOth Todorovi6 and Antanasijevir, 1983). The method is Int. Conf. SSNTDs, Lyon. based on making tracks after a certain etching time. t~opi~ M., Horvat D., I1i6 R., Nailer M. and Rant J. (1976) The detector was etched twice. Between the two Uber die innere Unscharfe einiger radiographischer etchings, the detector was washed in a bath in alcohol und neutronographischer Prufverfahren fur aktive in an ultrasound field (Grabe~. et al., 1980). Spaltstoff-Elemente. Materialprufung 18, 171-175. N.T.
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R. A N T A N A S I J E V I ( ~ Yugoslav Nucl. Part. Phys., Dubrovnik. Fizika 11, Debeauvais M., Tripier J., Joki6 S., Todorovi6 ~. and Suppl. 11, p. 56. Antanasijevi6 R. (1981) Fission of U, Th, Bi, Pb and Nailer M., Ili6 R. and Remec I. (1980) Enhancement of Au induced by 200 and 300 GeV Protons. Phys. Rev. Track-Etch Image by Sparking Technique (Edited by C23, p. 1624. Francois H. et al.), Suppl. 2, pp. 363-369. Pergamon Grabe~ B., Beckmann R. and Brandt R. (1986) Light Press, Oxford. fragment production in the interaction of 84 MeV/ Nailer M., Tom,J6 J., Ili6 R., Dimikovski T. and Humar M. nucleon RC with Pb-208. Phys. Rev. C34, p. 170. (1984) Prospekcija urana z detektorji jedrskih sledi, Grabe~ B., Todorovi6 Z. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1980) Zbornik radova 1. Savetovanje, Rezultati dosada.~njih Interaction of 300 MeV Au ions with uranium studied i pravci daljih istra~ivanja nuklearnih sirovina, by use of plastic track detector. In Proc. lOth Int. Conf. Beograd, pp. 423-438. SSNTDs, Lyon. Nucl. Track Meth. Instrum. Appl. Rant J. and Ili6 R. (1977) Neutron Radiography in MetalSuppl. No. 2, p. 899. lurg,y. Atom. Energy Rev. 15, 327-359. Ili~ R. and Altstetter C. (1981) Prompt ion-induced autoRant J., Copi~ M., Dimi6 V., Ill6 R., Naj~er M. and Pregl G. radiography for the determination of deuterium. Nucl. (1983) Neutron Radiography and Autoradiography at Instrum. Meth. 185, 1-3 and 505-512. the J. Stefan Institute (Edited by Barton J. and Von der I1i6 R., Marinkovi6 V., Naj~er M. and gutej T. (1986) Hardt P.), pp. 281-290. Reidel, Dordrecht. Image quality factors of radiography with track-etch Skvar~ J., ~utej T. and Ili6 R. (1987) Personal Comdetectors. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 12, 1-6 and puter Aided Analysis System for Solid State Nuclear 937-940. Track Detectors. Computer Technology to RadiIli6 R., Naj~er M., Podgornik A. and Rant J. (1983) ation Protection, International Atomic Agency, Study of the Neutron Radiographic Parameters of Vienna, R-136. Some Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (Edited by ~utej T., Ill6 R. and Humar M. (1984) Meritve koncentracije Barton J. P. and Hardt P.), pp. 755-765. Reidel, radona v povr~inski plasti zemlje, Zbornik radova, 3. Dordrecht. Jug. simp. o primeni fizike, Beograd, IV/I-IV/4. Jakupi B., Bytyci M . . . . . . Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi6 Z. et al. (1984) Analysis of Cosmic rays with Z 50 Todorovi6 ~. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1983) A new method for identification of low energy fragments with 8 Z 18 in registrated in meteorite minerals. Fizika 16, p. 377. plastic track detector Macrofol. Nucl. lnstrum. Meth. Jakupi B., Perelygin V. P., Stetsenko S. C., Antanasijevi6 R., 212-217. Todorovi6 ~., Kosti6 A. and Studen M. (1981) Todorovi~ ~. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1985) Identification of Odredivanje koncentracije urana i geolo~ke starosti low energy ions (6 Z 10) in a plastic track detector nekih liskuna metodom tragova spontane fisije, Glasn. CR-39. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A234, p. 373. Prirodnj. muz. Beogr. Serija A, Knjiga 36,5. Krsti6 J., Antanasijevi~ R. and Todorovi6 ~. (1983) Influ- Vukovi6 J. (1984) (~vrsti detektori u radioautografiji biolo~kih uzoraka. Ph.D. thesis, University of ence of some cellulose nitrate track detectors characBelgrade. teristics on their sensitivity to alpha particles. Nucl. Vukovi6 J. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1969) Istra~ivanja nitroTracks Radiat. Meas. 7, p. 147. celuloze kao ~vrstog detektora tragova. I--JugoslovenLoose A., Ili6 R., Markinkovi6 V. and Trkov A. (1987) ski simpozij elektronski mikroskopiji. Ljubljana, Diffusion Measurements in UO-Gd 0, Improvements in pp. 20-21. Water Reactor Fuel Technology and Utilization. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, SM-288, Yadev J. S., Sharma A. P., Flerov G. N., Perelygin V. P., Stetsenko S. G., Pellas P., Perron C., Antanasijevi6 R., pp. 578-584. Jakupi B. and Todorovi6 ~. (1983) A search for Naj~er M., Dimkovski T., Tom~i~ J. and I1i6 R. (1979) superheavy nuclei track in extramultilial olivine cristal. Experience in the use of Solid State Nuclear Track Pramana 20, p. 287. detectors in Uranium Exploration. In 6th Meet.
Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 5--6, 1990 Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrum., Part D Printed in Great Britain
TWENTY YEARS OF SSNTD STUDIES IN YUGOSLAVIA R. ANTANASIJEVIC7 Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 57, 11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Received 28 July 1989)
Autoradiography and neutron radiography are IN 1968, a group of collaborators from the Laboratory for High Energy Physics of the Institute of being used in the investigation of materials and new Physics, Belgrade, at which nuclear emulsions have technologies (Rant et al., 1983; Loose et al., 1987; I!i¢ been used as detectors of charged particles, intro- and Altstetter, 1981). These methods are of special duced Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (polycar- interest due to their high spatial resolution (I1i6 et al., 1983, 1986). The application of SSNTD in dosimetry bonates) in investigation of fission processes of heavy was also studied (Antanasijevi6 et al., 1977). Various nuclei (Antanasijevi6 et al., 1971, 1972). At the same time, methodological problems of systems for data evaluation were developed (Skvar~ detection of ionized particles in nitrocellulose detec- et al., 1987; Najf~er et aL, 1980; Antanasijevi6 et al., 1979). tors become the subject of new studies (Vukovi6 and The application in geology was performed with the Antanasijevir, 1969). In 1974 at the Jo~ef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, the investigation of autoradi- purpose of determining the age of minerals (Antanaography with SSNTDs started ((~opi~ et al., 1976; sijevi6 et al., 1972), concentration of uranium (Jakupi Rant and I1i6, 1977). Later some other institutions et al., 1981) and especially in the prospection of and/or universities started with application of SS- uranium ore deposit (Najf~er et al., 1984; Sutej et al., NTDs, either in collaboration with the Institute of 1984; Naj~er et aL, 1979). Some cosmological problems were solved first of all Physics and J. Stefan Institute, or independently. During the last twenty years, SSNTDs were the by the analysis of the tracks of heavy ionized particles subject of investigation, the purpose of which was not in "outer" samples (Yadev et aL, 1983; Jakupi et al., 1984). only to determine their detection characteristics and The biological effects of radiation were investicalibration (Antanasijevi6 and Jurir, 1972; Krsti6 et al., 1983), but also to study their basic characteristics gated by autoradiographic technique (Vukovir, 1984). In addition, significant attention was paid to and application. Significant attention was paid to the studies of the development of new detectors. fission and fragmentation processes in interactions of medium- and high-energy particles with nuclei ((~opi~ REFERENCES et al., 1976; Debeauvais et al., 1981; Todorovi6 and Antanasijevir, 1985; Grabe~ et aL, 1980). Antanasijevi~ R. and Juri¢ M. (1972) Densitometric characteristics of the different kinds of cellulose nitrate. Effective cross-section of different reaction chanIn Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Nucl. Photog. Sol. St. Track nels were analysed with emitted fragment multiDet., Bucharest, Vol. 1, p. 223. plicities and their mass, energetic and angular Antanasijevi6 R., Juri6 M. and Gerc V. (1971) The terdistribution were measured. Based on the results nary fission of U-235 induced by thermal neutrons. In obtained, the corresponding mechanisms for proProc. Meet. Yugoslav Nucl. Phys., Opatija. Fizika 4, Suppl. 59. duction of low-energy fragments in these interactions were analysed. For the purpose of the identification Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi6 ~., Juri6 M. and Gerc M. (1972) An analysis of the binary and ternary fission of of nuclear reaction low-energy products, certain uranium induced by 12.2 GeV protons. Z. Phys. 254, methods were developed, making possible the direct 106-111. measurements of track parameters needed for their Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi~ ~., Stamatovi6 A. and Mio~inovi6 D. (1977) Factors affecting the sensitivity identification after a definite detector chemical treatof plastic detectors to ionizing particle registration. ment was performed. Nucl. lnstrum. Meth. 147, 139-140. A new method for identification of low-energy Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi6 ~., Stamatovi¢ A. and fragments was induced (Grabe~ et al., 1986; Mio~inovi¢ D. (1979) Semiautomatic scanning tracks in Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors. In Proc. lOth Todorovi6 and Antanasijevir, 1983). The method is Int. Conf. SSNTDs, Lyon. based on making tracks after a certain etching time. t~opi~ M., Horvat D., I1i6 R., Nailer M. and Rant J. (1976) The detector was etched twice. Between the two Uber die innere Unscharfe einiger radiographischer etchings, the detector was washed in a bath in alcohol und neutronographischer Prufverfahren fur aktive in an ultrasound field (Grabe~. et al., 1980). Spaltstoff-Elemente. Materialprufung 18, 171-175. N.T.
1711--B
5
R. A N T A N A S I J E V I ( ~ Yugoslav Nucl. Part. Phys., Dubrovnik. Fizika 11, Debeauvais M., Tripier J., Joki6 S., Todorovi6 ~. and Suppl. 11, p. 56. Antanasijevi6 R. (1981) Fission of U, Th, Bi, Pb and Nailer M., Ili6 R. and Remec I. (1980) Enhancement of Au induced by 200 and 300 GeV Protons. Phys. Rev. Track-Etch Image by Sparking Technique (Edited by C23, p. 1624. Francois H. et al.), Suppl. 2, pp. 363-369. Pergamon Grabe~ B., Beckmann R. and Brandt R. (1986) Light Press, Oxford. fragment production in the interaction of 84 MeV/ Nailer M., Tom,J6 J., Ili6 R., Dimikovski T. and Humar M. nucleon RC with Pb-208. Phys. Rev. C34, p. 170. (1984) Prospekcija urana z detektorji jedrskih sledi, Grabe~ B., Todorovi6 Z. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1980) Zbornik radova 1. Savetovanje, Rezultati dosada.~njih Interaction of 300 MeV Au ions with uranium studied i pravci daljih istra~ivanja nuklearnih sirovina, by use of plastic track detector. In Proc. lOth Int. Conf. Beograd, pp. 423-438. SSNTDs, Lyon. Nucl. Track Meth. Instrum. Appl. Rant J. and Ili6 R. (1977) Neutron Radiography in MetalSuppl. No. 2, p. 899. lurg,y. Atom. Energy Rev. 15, 327-359. Ili~ R. and Altstetter C. (1981) Prompt ion-induced autoRant J., Copi~ M., Dimi6 V., Ill6 R., Naj~er M. and Pregl G. radiography for the determination of deuterium. Nucl. (1983) Neutron Radiography and Autoradiography at Instrum. Meth. 185, 1-3 and 505-512. the J. Stefan Institute (Edited by Barton J. and Von der I1i6 R., Marinkovi6 V., Naj~er M. and gutej T. (1986) Hardt P.), pp. 281-290. Reidel, Dordrecht. Image quality factors of radiography with track-etch Skvar~ J., ~utej T. and Ili6 R. (1987) Personal Comdetectors. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 12, 1-6 and puter Aided Analysis System for Solid State Nuclear 937-940. Track Detectors. Computer Technology to RadiIli6 R., Naj~er M., Podgornik A. and Rant J. (1983) ation Protection, International Atomic Agency, Study of the Neutron Radiographic Parameters of Vienna, R-136. Some Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (Edited by ~utej T., Ill6 R. and Humar M. (1984) Meritve koncentracije Barton J. P. and Hardt P.), pp. 755-765. Reidel, radona v povr~inski plasti zemlje, Zbornik radova, 3. Dordrecht. Jug. simp. o primeni fizike, Beograd, IV/I-IV/4. Jakupi B., Bytyci M . . . . . . Antanasijevi6 R., Todorovi6 Z. et al. (1984) Analysis of Cosmic rays with Z 50 Todorovi6 ~. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1983) A new method for identification of low energy fragments with 8 Z 18 in registrated in meteorite minerals. Fizika 16, p. 377. plastic track detector Macrofol. Nucl. lnstrum. Meth. Jakupi B., Perelygin V. P., Stetsenko S. C., Antanasijevi6 R., 212-217. Todorovi6 ~., Kosti6 A. and Studen M. (1981) Todorovi~ ~. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1985) Identification of Odredivanje koncentracije urana i geolo~ke starosti low energy ions (6 Z 10) in a plastic track detector nekih liskuna metodom tragova spontane fisije, Glasn. CR-39. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A234, p. 373. Prirodnj. muz. Beogr. Serija A, Knjiga 36,5. Krsti6 J., Antanasijevi~ R. and Todorovi6 ~. (1983) Influ- Vukovi6 J. (1984) (~vrsti detektori u radioautografiji biolo~kih uzoraka. Ph.D. thesis, University of ence of some cellulose nitrate track detectors characBelgrade. teristics on their sensitivity to alpha particles. Nucl. Vukovi6 J. and Antanasijevi6 R. (1969) Istra~ivanja nitroTracks Radiat. Meas. 7, p. 147. celuloze kao ~vrstog detektora tragova. I--JugoslovenLoose A., Ili6 R., Markinkovi6 V. and Trkov A. (1987) ski simpozij elektronski mikroskopiji. Ljubljana, Diffusion Measurements in UO-Gd 0, Improvements in pp. 20-21. Water Reactor Fuel Technology and Utilization. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, SM-288, Yadev J. S., Sharma A. P., Flerov G. N., Perelygin V. P., Stetsenko S. G., Pellas P., Perron C., Antanasijevi6 R., pp. 578-584. Jakupi B. and Todorovi6 ~. (1983) A search for Naj~er M., Dimkovski T., Tom~i~ J. and I1i6 R. (1979) superheavy nuclei track in extramultilial olivine cristal. Experience in the use of Solid State Nuclear Track Pramana 20, p. 287. detectors in Uranium Exploration. In 6th Meet.