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Two new species of Hypoxylon from Nigeria
N otes and brief art icles
139
TWO NEW SPE CIES OF HYPO XYL O N FROM NIGERIA B Y A. J. S. WHALL E Y AND D. HA MMEL E V Department of Biology , Liverpool Polytechnic, By rom S treet , Liverpool L] ] A P, U.K . AND H . K. TALIGO OLA
Departm ent of Botany, M akerere Univ ersity, Kampala, Uganda Hypoxy lon munkii sp .nov. and H. citrifor me sp.nov. are described and illustrated from specimens found in N iger ia. Their relat ion ships to other speci es are d iscu ssed . During 1979 H. K. Taligoola collected xylariaceous fungi in th e Idanre, G ambari and Oluwa for ests of Wes tern N igeria. T wo pre viou sly un described species of Hypoxy lon Bull. were amo ng the colle ction s and are described here. One is named in hon our of Professor Anders Munk in recognition of hi s contribution s to pyrenomy cete taxonomy wh ilst in the other taxon the speci fic epithet "citr iform e' reflects th e lemon- shaped ascos pores .
Hypoxylon munkii sp. nov. (F igs 1-2 ) Stromata late effusa, plana vel plano-convexa, orbicularia vel e substrato irregularia, 1·5-4 ern x 0"1-1 em et 0"5- 1 mm crassa, tumulis perithecialibus inconspicuis; ectostroma primum pallide lilacina, pallide purpureobrunnea, deinde griseo-pur purea et demum obscure porphyrea; entostrorna alba, carneo-coriacea usque lignosa. Perithecia semiglobosa vel conferta oblonga, 0·3--{)"4 mm diam et o"4--{)"8 mm alta, ostiolis umbilicatis,
Fig. TrailS. B r. my col. Soc. 90 (1), (1988)
1.
vetustis punc ta tis, Asci cylindrici, p. sp, 33- 40 x 5-7 pm , stipite 40- 50 pm Iongo; annulo apicali ope iode cyanescente, triangulari in sectione opticali. Ascosporae oblique uniseriatae, 5·5- 7"5 x 3-3·5 p m, inaequilaterialiter ellipticae rima germinativa longa praeditae, pallide brunneae vel obscure brunneae, leves.
Stromata widely effuse d, plane or plano-convex, orbicular or irregular in outline depending on the character istics of th e subs tratum , 1·5-4 ern x 0·51 em and 0"5- 1 mm th ick, perithecial elevations not prom inent ; ectos troma initially lilac, pale red br own , later grey-purple and finally dark redbr own wh en old; entos troma whi te, soft leathery or woody . Perithecia semiglobose or oblong when crow ded , 0·3--0"4 mm dia m and 0"4--0·8 mm high, ostioles umbilicat e, surrounded by a wh ite mycelial fringe, slightly sunken and becom ing punctate with age. Asci cylindrical, sp. p . 33-40 x 5- 7 /tm with sti pe 40-50 pm lon g ; ap ical ascu s ring turning blue with Melzer's iodine reagent, tri angular in
Hy poxy lon munhii, stromata x 5.
Prim ed ill Great Br itain 6-2
Notes and brief articles
14°
optical section. Ascospores obliquely uni seriate, 5'5-7'5 x 3-3'5/lm, inaequilaterally elliptic with straight germination slit running the whole length of the spore, light to dark brown, smooth-walled. Sp ecimens examined : On twig of unidentified angi osperm, Idanre Forest, Akure , Nigeria, Aug. 1979, H . K. Taligoola 680, 1M1 315972, holotype . On undetermined wood , Idanre Forest, Akure, Nigeria, Aug . 1979, H . K . Taligoola 160, A. ]. S. Whalley 1259.
Fig .
2.
Hypoxylon munkii. (A) Ascus ; (8) apical apparatus ; (C) ascospores.
Hypoxylon munk ii can be accommodated in Miller's section Hypoxylon (M iller, 1961 ) on account of its strongly pigmented stromata, umbilicate ostiole s and inequilaterally elliptic ascospores with a germination slit on the convex side of the spore. Superficially it resembles H . rubiginosum Pers . : Fr. and has ascospore dimensions similar to those of the small-spored variety, H. rubiginosum var . microsporum Whalley. However, the white entostroma which extends throughout the stroma is a very distinctive feature and is one more usually associated with species of Xylaria Hill ex Schrenk and Peneigia Sacco & Pao\. than Hypoxylon . Three species of Hypoxylon belonging to the Primocinerea subsection of the section Papillata, H . quisquiliarum Mont., H . conostomum Mont. and H . rosellinioides Henn. possess a white interior of differing degrees of development, and Miller (1961) remarked that they ' are intermediate between Hypoxylon and Penzigia and could just as well be in the last genus as in the first'. Hypoxylon
Fig. 3. Hyp oxylon citrifo rme, stromata x 5. Trans. Br. my col. S oc. 90 (1), (1988)
Pr int ed in Great Britain
N otes and brief articles
141
Hypoxylon citriforme sp. nov.
(F igs 3- 5)
Stromata erumpentia, ap planata usque convexa, orbicularia, irregularia, 0'8-3 cm x 0'5- 1 em and 0'5- 1 mm crassa, grisea, griseo brunnea, demum obscure fusca, carbonacea, ostiolis umbilicatis, impressio, demum punctat is, Perith ecia ovata, 0'4-0'5 mm diam . Asci cylindrici, p . sp . 70--85 pm x 6-10 pm, st ipite, br eve 20--30 pm longo, annulo apicali ope iode cyanescente, cubico basim versus deminuto, 3-4 p m crasso x 2 pm alto. Ascosporae un iseriatae, 10--13 x 6-8'5 pm , citri formes rim a germinat iva longa praeditae, brunneae, leves.
A
Stromata erumpent , applanate to convex, irregul ar orbicular to elliptic, 0'8-3 em x 0'5-1 cm and 0'5-1 mm thick, grey, grey-brown, dull dark br own at matu rit y, carbonaceous, ostioles sunken and becoming punctate with age. Perithecia ovate, 0'4-0'5 mm diam . As ci cylindrical, sp. p. 70-8 5 lim x 6-10 flm with short stipe 20-30 flm long ; apical ascu s ring staining blue in Melzer's iodine reagent, cubical with tapering base, 3-4 fl m wide x 2 fl m high. A scospores uniseriate, 10-13 x 6-8'5 flm , lemon-shaped with germination slit running the whole length of the spore, br own , smooth-walled .
B
S pecimen examined : On undeterm ined wood, Id anr e Fore st, Akure, N iger ia, Aug. 1979, H . K . T aligoola 170D, 1M1 31597 1, holotype . IOll m
Fig. 4. Hy poxy lon cit rifo rme . (A) Ascus ; (B) ascospores.
munkii is we bel ieve the first record of a Hypoxylon species from another section to possess a white interio r, but in th is case its affinity to othe r wellestablished species of Hypoxy lon is beyond doubt.
Hypoxylon citrifo rme can be accommodated in the Applanata section (M iller, 1961). The slightly sunken ostioles whi ch become punctate at maturity, the cubical iodine-positive apical apparatus, and the lemon- shaped ascospo res are its main distinguishing features. REFE R E NC E
MILLER , J. H . (1961). A Monograph of the World Species of H ypoxylon . Ath ens, U .S.A. : University of Georgia Pr ess.
Fig . 5. Hyp oxylon citriforme. Ascospor es x 1500. T rans. Br . mycol. Soc. 90 (1), (1988)
Prim ed in Great B ritain
139
TWO NEW SPE CIES OF HYPO XYL O N FROM NIGERIA B Y A. J. S. WHALL E Y AND D. HA MMEL E V Department of Biology , Liverpool Polytechnic, By rom S treet , Liverpool L] ] A P, U.K . AND H . K. TALIGO OLA
Departm ent of Botany, M akerere Univ ersity, Kampala, Uganda Hypoxy lon munkii sp .nov. and H. citrifor me sp.nov. are described and illustrated from specimens found in N iger ia. Their relat ion ships to other speci es are d iscu ssed . During 1979 H. K. Taligoola collected xylariaceous fungi in th e Idanre, G ambari and Oluwa for ests of Wes tern N igeria. T wo pre viou sly un described species of Hypoxy lon Bull. were amo ng the colle ction s and are described here. One is named in hon our of Professor Anders Munk in recognition of hi s contribution s to pyrenomy cete taxonomy wh ilst in the other taxon the speci fic epithet "citr iform e' reflects th e lemon- shaped ascos pores .
Hypoxylon munkii sp. nov. (F igs 1-2 ) Stromata late effusa, plana vel plano-convexa, orbicularia vel e substrato irregularia, 1·5-4 ern x 0"1-1 em et 0"5- 1 mm crassa, tumulis perithecialibus inconspicuis; ectostroma primum pallide lilacina, pallide purpureobrunnea, deinde griseo-pur purea et demum obscure porphyrea; entostrorna alba, carneo-coriacea usque lignosa. Perithecia semiglobosa vel conferta oblonga, 0·3--{)"4 mm diam et o"4--{)"8 mm alta, ostiolis umbilicatis,
Fig. TrailS. B r. my col. Soc. 90 (1), (1988)
1.
vetustis punc ta tis, Asci cylindrici, p. sp, 33- 40 x 5-7 pm , stipite 40- 50 pm Iongo; annulo apicali ope iode cyanescente, triangulari in sectione opticali. Ascosporae oblique uniseriatae, 5·5- 7"5 x 3-3·5 p m, inaequilaterialiter ellipticae rima germinativa longa praeditae, pallide brunneae vel obscure brunneae, leves.
Stromata widely effuse d, plane or plano-convex, orbicular or irregular in outline depending on the character istics of th e subs tratum , 1·5-4 ern x 0·51 em and 0"5- 1 mm th ick, perithecial elevations not prom inent ; ectos troma initially lilac, pale red br own , later grey-purple and finally dark redbr own wh en old; entos troma whi te, soft leathery or woody . Perithecia semiglobose or oblong when crow ded , 0·3--0"4 mm dia m and 0"4--0·8 mm high, ostioles umbilicat e, surrounded by a wh ite mycelial fringe, slightly sunken and becom ing punctate with age. Asci cylindrical, sp. p . 33-40 x 5- 7 /tm with sti pe 40-50 pm lon g ; ap ical ascu s ring turning blue with Melzer's iodine reagent, tri angular in
Hy poxy lon munhii, stromata x 5.
Prim ed ill Great Br itain 6-2
Notes and brief articles
14°
optical section. Ascospores obliquely uni seriate, 5'5-7'5 x 3-3'5/lm, inaequilaterally elliptic with straight germination slit running the whole length of the spore, light to dark brown, smooth-walled. Sp ecimens examined : On twig of unidentified angi osperm, Idanre Forest, Akure , Nigeria, Aug. 1979, H . K. Taligoola 680, 1M1 315972, holotype . On undetermined wood , Idanre Forest, Akure, Nigeria, Aug . 1979, H . K . Taligoola 160, A. ]. S. Whalley 1259.
Fig .
2.
Hypoxylon munkii. (A) Ascus ; (8) apical apparatus ; (C) ascospores.
Hypoxylon munk ii can be accommodated in Miller's section Hypoxylon (M iller, 1961 ) on account of its strongly pigmented stromata, umbilicate ostiole s and inequilaterally elliptic ascospores with a germination slit on the convex side of the spore. Superficially it resembles H . rubiginosum Pers . : Fr. and has ascospore dimensions similar to those of the small-spored variety, H. rubiginosum var . microsporum Whalley. However, the white entostroma which extends throughout the stroma is a very distinctive feature and is one more usually associated with species of Xylaria Hill ex Schrenk and Peneigia Sacco & Pao\. than Hypoxylon . Three species of Hypoxylon belonging to the Primocinerea subsection of the section Papillata, H . quisquiliarum Mont., H . conostomum Mont. and H . rosellinioides Henn. possess a white interior of differing degrees of development, and Miller (1961) remarked that they ' are intermediate between Hypoxylon and Penzigia and could just as well be in the last genus as in the first'. Hypoxylon
Fig. 3. Hyp oxylon citrifo rme, stromata x 5. Trans. Br. my col. S oc. 90 (1), (1988)
Pr int ed in Great Britain
N otes and brief articles
141
Hypoxylon citriforme sp. nov.
(F igs 3- 5)
Stromata erumpentia, ap planata usque convexa, orbicularia, irregularia, 0'8-3 cm x 0'5- 1 em and 0'5- 1 mm crassa, grisea, griseo brunnea, demum obscure fusca, carbonacea, ostiolis umbilicatis, impressio, demum punctat is, Perith ecia ovata, 0'4-0'5 mm diam . Asci cylindrici, p . sp . 70--85 pm x 6-10 pm, st ipite, br eve 20--30 pm longo, annulo apicali ope iode cyanescente, cubico basim versus deminuto, 3-4 p m crasso x 2 pm alto. Ascosporae un iseriatae, 10--13 x 6-8'5 pm , citri formes rim a germinat iva longa praeditae, brunneae, leves.
A
Stromata erumpent , applanate to convex, irregul ar orbicular to elliptic, 0'8-3 em x 0'5-1 cm and 0'5-1 mm thick, grey, grey-brown, dull dark br own at matu rit y, carbonaceous, ostioles sunken and becoming punctate with age. Perithecia ovate, 0'4-0'5 mm diam . As ci cylindrical, sp. p. 70-8 5 lim x 6-10 flm with short stipe 20-30 flm long ; apical ascu s ring staining blue in Melzer's iodine reagent, cubical with tapering base, 3-4 fl m wide x 2 fl m high. A scospores uniseriate, 10-13 x 6-8'5 flm , lemon-shaped with germination slit running the whole length of the spore, br own , smooth-walled .
B
S pecimen examined : On undeterm ined wood, Id anr e Fore st, Akure, N iger ia, Aug. 1979, H . K . T aligoola 170D, 1M1 31597 1, holotype . IOll m
Fig. 4. Hy poxy lon cit rifo rme . (A) Ascus ; (B) ascospores.
munkii is we bel ieve the first record of a Hypoxylon species from another section to possess a white interio r, but in th is case its affinity to othe r wellestablished species of Hypoxy lon is beyond doubt.
Hypoxylon citrifo rme can be accommodated in the Applanata section (M iller, 1961). The slightly sunken ostioles whi ch become punctate at maturity, the cubical iodine-positive apical apparatus, and the lemon- shaped ascospo res are its main distinguishing features. REFE R E NC E
MILLER , J. H . (1961). A Monograph of the World Species of H ypoxylon . Ath ens, U .S.A. : University of Georgia Pr ess.
Fig . 5. Hyp oxylon citriforme. Ascospor es x 1500. T rans. Br . mycol. Soc. 90 (1), (1988)
Prim ed in Great B ritain