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Two phase flow performance of nuclear reactor cooling pumps
06 Electrical power supply and utilization (scientific, technical) hydraulic models and presents a comparison and discussion of the obtained steady-state results as well as the transient results for the inlet sub-cooling transient. 00100279
Two
The last decade of the twentieth century saw many changes in the nuclear fuel market. While the outlook for consumers is that supply should continue to be adequate, it is time to ask: if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Phase Flow Performance of Nuclear Reactor
Cooling Pumps Poullikkas, A. Progr. Nucl. Energy, 2000, 36, (2), 123-130. One of the most severe accidents in nuclear power generation is the loss of coolant accident, where the recirculating coolant of the pressurized water reactor may flash into steam. Under such two-phase flow conditions, it is well-known that the recirculation pump becomes unable to generate the same head as that of the single phase flow case. In this work, an improved model for the calculation of the two-phase pump head is developed which is based on the one-dimensional control volume method. The model takes into account pump geometry, phase separation, density variation, condensation and compressibility effects of the gas phase. 80100280 Variation of the albedo and the transmission factor with forward and backward scattering in neutron transport theory-the FN method Yildiz, C. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 2000, 27, (9), 831-840. equation with anisotropic scattering has been considered for the slab albedo problem. The scattering functiti is assumed to be a combination of forward-backward and with isotropic scattering (FBIS model). The transport equation is transformed into a Boltzmann-type equation, corresponding to isotropic single scattering and the resulting equation is solved by using the recently developed FN method. The albedo and transmission factor are calculated for a slab and various types of scattering parameters. Numerical results are given, accurate to five significant figures and compared with those already available in the literature. Finally, it is shown that the FN method gives ‘more accurate results and easily applicable to this type of anisotropic scattering kernel.
OOlOO288 Making use of new ideas in examining data Fell, N. Nucl. Eng. ht., 2000, 45, (552). 34-35. There is continual pressure to improve production efficiencies in an industrial process and nuclear power is no exception. A new technique for analysing plant data used in other industries may offer nuclear plant operators a new perspective on the variables that impact plant performance and their interaction with each other. 00100287 UK-designed fuel goes EAST Nucl. Eng. Inf., 2000, 45, (554), 44-45. Between 2001 and 2005, the fresh fuel for one of Fortum’s two VVER440 units at Finland’s Loviisa will be supplied by BNFL - the first time a Western fuel supplier has provided reload quantities of fuel for a VVER-440.
* The one speed neutron transport
Vibration analysis of the pressure vessel internals of WWER-1000 type reactors with consideration of fluid-structure interaction
06
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION Scientific, technical
00100281
Perov, S. et al. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 2000, 27, (16), 1441-1457. The influence of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on vibration modes is investigated using the finite element method. The method of modelling is verified by comparing the finite element results with the exact analytical solution of a simple fluid-shell test system. It is shown that the method of coupling between structural and fluid elements is important for the accuracy of the eigen-frequencies. The vibration modes of the reactor pressure vessel and its internals of a WWER-1000 type reactor gre calculated. The FSI causes a considerable down shift of the shell ‘mode frequencies of pressure vessel, core barrel and thermal shield. Some bending modes which exhibit a relative displacement between pressure vessel and core barrel or between core barrel and thermal shield are significantly affected too. Some simple analytical approaches to coqsider the FSI are discussed on the basis of the numerical results.
Economics, policy, supplies, forecasts 08180282 America’s plan for MOX Clark, R. Nucl. Eng. hr., 2000, 45, (554), 38-40. With the end of the Cold War, the US and Russia dismantled a number of their nuclear warheads, resulting in the creation 0: a stockpile of 50t weapons-grade material. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has been given the task of disposing of this plutonium. As part of the task, 25t will be converted to mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. 00100283 And then there were three Schwartz, M. H. and Supko, E. M. Nucl. Eng. hf., 2000,45, (554), 2427. Consolidation has finally become reality among the rapidly transforming market for .nuclear fuel fabrication services, the culmination of years of pressure, however, it may be sometime next year before the full impact of these events is clear. W/W284 Decommissioning: the Nucl. Eng. ht., 2000, 45, (552), 32-33. Italy’s nuclear power plants have been Now the government has put forward nuclear waste and carry out immediate
time is now walled up for over a decade. plans to create repository. for decommissioning.
W1W285 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? Steyn, J. Nucl. Eng. In!., 2000, 45, (554), 18-19.
A comparative study of voltage stability indices in a power system 00100288
Sinha, A. K. Hazarika, D. Elec. Power and Energy Syst., 2000, 22, (8), 589-596. The paper compares the effectiveness of voltage stability indices in providing information about the proximity of voltage instability of a power system. Three simple voltage stability indices are proposed and their effectiveness is compared with some of the recently proposed indices. The comparison is carried out over a wide range of system operating conditions by changing the load power factor and feeder X/R ratios. Test results for the IEEE 57 bus and IEEE 118 bus system are presented.
00100289 A constrained orthogonal state estimator for external system modeling SimBes Costa, A. J. A. and Gouvea, J. P.. S. Elec. Power and Energy Syst., 2000, 22, (8), 555-562. Attention is focused on the application of constrained orthogonal state estimation to external system modelling. Inequality constraints enforce realistic limits on the estimates of External System (ES) variables that otherwise can become off bounds due to the limited ES monitoring capabilities at the Internal System confrol centre. Equality constraints are used to model known zero bus injections in both systems. The use of orthogonal methods is advocated to ensure numerical stability, since the estimator has to handle a larger range of measurement weights than in conventional applications of state estimation. Tests to evaluate the performance of the proposed constrained estimator using three power networks of different sizes are also reported in the paper.
00100290 A facile route to thin-film solid state lithium microelectronic batteries Raffaelle, R. P. el al. J. Power Sources, 2000, 89, (l), 52-55. The synthesis and characterization of a thin-film solid state lithium rechargeable battery is described. This battery was designed for integration into a multi-chip module (MCM). The battery consists of a spin-on Ag2W04 - polymer cathode, a lithium hexafluorophosphate polymer-impregnated microporous nylon membrane electrolytic separator, and a lithium foil anode. KaptonTM was used as the substrate and encapsulating top la er of the battery. The battery had a total area of approximately 4.0 cm 1 thickness of 0.6 mm and weighed 0.4 g. The battery had an open circuit voltage of 3.5 V and was able to deliver a current density of 0.05 MA /cm for 1.5 hours while maintaining a voltage above 2.0 V. The battery was cycled over 12 000 times between 3.5 and 2.0 V using a constant discharging current density of 0.1 mA/ cm* and charging current density of 0.05 mA/cm’. The battery was designed for integration into a standard 96-pin Kovar/Glass Bead
Fuel end Energy Abstracts
January 2001 29
Two
The last decade of the twentieth century saw many changes in the nuclear fuel market. While the outlook for consumers is that supply should continue to be adequate, it is time to ask: if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Phase Flow Performance of Nuclear Reactor
Cooling Pumps Poullikkas, A. Progr. Nucl. Energy, 2000, 36, (2), 123-130. One of the most severe accidents in nuclear power generation is the loss of coolant accident, where the recirculating coolant of the pressurized water reactor may flash into steam. Under such two-phase flow conditions, it is well-known that the recirculation pump becomes unable to generate the same head as that of the single phase flow case. In this work, an improved model for the calculation of the two-phase pump head is developed which is based on the one-dimensional control volume method. The model takes into account pump geometry, phase separation, density variation, condensation and compressibility effects of the gas phase. 80100280 Variation of the albedo and the transmission factor with forward and backward scattering in neutron transport theory-the FN method Yildiz, C. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 2000, 27, (9), 831-840. equation with anisotropic scattering has been considered for the slab albedo problem. The scattering functiti is assumed to be a combination of forward-backward and with isotropic scattering (FBIS model). The transport equation is transformed into a Boltzmann-type equation, corresponding to isotropic single scattering and the resulting equation is solved by using the recently developed FN method. The albedo and transmission factor are calculated for a slab and various types of scattering parameters. Numerical results are given, accurate to five significant figures and compared with those already available in the literature. Finally, it is shown that the FN method gives ‘more accurate results and easily applicable to this type of anisotropic scattering kernel.
OOlOO288 Making use of new ideas in examining data Fell, N. Nucl. Eng. ht., 2000, 45, (552). 34-35. There is continual pressure to improve production efficiencies in an industrial process and nuclear power is no exception. A new technique for analysing plant data used in other industries may offer nuclear plant operators a new perspective on the variables that impact plant performance and their interaction with each other. 00100287 UK-designed fuel goes EAST Nucl. Eng. Inf., 2000, 45, (554), 44-45. Between 2001 and 2005, the fresh fuel for one of Fortum’s two VVER440 units at Finland’s Loviisa will be supplied by BNFL - the first time a Western fuel supplier has provided reload quantities of fuel for a VVER-440.
* The one speed neutron transport
Vibration analysis of the pressure vessel internals of WWER-1000 type reactors with consideration of fluid-structure interaction
06
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION Scientific, technical
00100281
Perov, S. et al. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 2000, 27, (16), 1441-1457. The influence of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on vibration modes is investigated using the finite element method. The method of modelling is verified by comparing the finite element results with the exact analytical solution of a simple fluid-shell test system. It is shown that the method of coupling between structural and fluid elements is important for the accuracy of the eigen-frequencies. The vibration modes of the reactor pressure vessel and its internals of a WWER-1000 type reactor gre calculated. The FSI causes a considerable down shift of the shell ‘mode frequencies of pressure vessel, core barrel and thermal shield. Some bending modes which exhibit a relative displacement between pressure vessel and core barrel or between core barrel and thermal shield are significantly affected too. Some simple analytical approaches to coqsider the FSI are discussed on the basis of the numerical results.
Economics, policy, supplies, forecasts 08180282 America’s plan for MOX Clark, R. Nucl. Eng. hr., 2000, 45, (554), 38-40. With the end of the Cold War, the US and Russia dismantled a number of their nuclear warheads, resulting in the creation 0: a stockpile of 50t weapons-grade material. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has been given the task of disposing of this plutonium. As part of the task, 25t will be converted to mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. 00100283 And then there were three Schwartz, M. H. and Supko, E. M. Nucl. Eng. hf., 2000,45, (554), 2427. Consolidation has finally become reality among the rapidly transforming market for .nuclear fuel fabrication services, the culmination of years of pressure, however, it may be sometime next year before the full impact of these events is clear. W/W284 Decommissioning: the Nucl. Eng. ht., 2000, 45, (552), 32-33. Italy’s nuclear power plants have been Now the government has put forward nuclear waste and carry out immediate
time is now walled up for over a decade. plans to create repository. for decommissioning.
W1W285 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? Steyn, J. Nucl. Eng. In!., 2000, 45, (554), 18-19.
A comparative study of voltage stability indices in a power system 00100288
Sinha, A. K. Hazarika, D. Elec. Power and Energy Syst., 2000, 22, (8), 589-596. The paper compares the effectiveness of voltage stability indices in providing information about the proximity of voltage instability of a power system. Three simple voltage stability indices are proposed and their effectiveness is compared with some of the recently proposed indices. The comparison is carried out over a wide range of system operating conditions by changing the load power factor and feeder X/R ratios. Test results for the IEEE 57 bus and IEEE 118 bus system are presented.
00100289 A constrained orthogonal state estimator for external system modeling SimBes Costa, A. J. A. and Gouvea, J. P.. S. Elec. Power and Energy Syst., 2000, 22, (8), 555-562. Attention is focused on the application of constrained orthogonal state estimation to external system modelling. Inequality constraints enforce realistic limits on the estimates of External System (ES) variables that otherwise can become off bounds due to the limited ES monitoring capabilities at the Internal System confrol centre. Equality constraints are used to model known zero bus injections in both systems. The use of orthogonal methods is advocated to ensure numerical stability, since the estimator has to handle a larger range of measurement weights than in conventional applications of state estimation. Tests to evaluate the performance of the proposed constrained estimator using three power networks of different sizes are also reported in the paper.
00100290 A facile route to thin-film solid state lithium microelectronic batteries Raffaelle, R. P. el al. J. Power Sources, 2000, 89, (l), 52-55. The synthesis and characterization of a thin-film solid state lithium rechargeable battery is described. This battery was designed for integration into a multi-chip module (MCM). The battery consists of a spin-on Ag2W04 - polymer cathode, a lithium hexafluorophosphate polymer-impregnated microporous nylon membrane electrolytic separator, and a lithium foil anode. KaptonTM was used as the substrate and encapsulating top la er of the battery. The battery had a total area of approximately 4.0 cm 1 thickness of 0.6 mm and weighed 0.4 g. The battery had an open circuit voltage of 3.5 V and was able to deliver a current density of 0.05 MA /cm for 1.5 hours while maintaining a voltage above 2.0 V. The battery was cycled over 12 000 times between 3.5 and 2.0 V using a constant discharging current density of 0.1 mA/ cm* and charging current density of 0.05 mA/cm’. The battery was designed for integration into a standard 96-pin Kovar/Glass Bead
Fuel end Energy Abstracts
January 2001 29