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Ultrasonics for homogenization and dispersion
MARENINA,K. N., and MICIUILOV, I. 0. The application of ultrasound for the investigation of dyestuff crystallization. Vestnik Leningradrkogo Universiteta, IO, No. 2, p. 52 (1963) After a brief introduction to the theoretical aspects of absorption of ultrasound in liquids and suspensions, experimental results are given to support the correctness of the principal theoretical statements. An attempt is made to apply the results obtained to the investigation of crystalization processes in various substances. The presence and the physical size of the suspended particles in relation to the wavelength is a function of absorption coefficient and can be used to monitor the growth and to measure the size of the crystals. (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 209)
MARSHALL, K. Ultrasonics for homogenization and dispersion. Manufacturing Chemist, 34, No. 12, p. 562, (1963) A survey of the numerous applications in chemical industry of ultrasonic liquid whistle. It has largely replaced conventional methods of producing liquid/liquid and liquid/solid dispersions; products containing up to 80% solid can be successfully processed, and blendings previously thought impossible to achieve can now be successfully and economically produced by ultrasound. A number of models and accessories are available at competitive prices and the simplicity, lack of temperature effects or aeration and low operating costs are some of its advantages. The author has had personal experience of ultrasonic whistles in production and lists 10 good reasons why they should be of interest to every production chemist. (8 figures, 23 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 210)
MASON, W.
P. Ultraso~~Ics in communications and production. Electronics, 36, No. 42, p. 33 (1963) A general state-of-the-art survey, mentioning some applications of ultrasonic technology in communication, manufacturing and research. New devices, components and materials and their applications in sonar, inspection, delay lines, filters, machining and others are briefly examined under separate headings. According to this eminent author and authority on ultrasonics, sales will treble by the end of this decade, so that the subject has a very bright future indeed. (5 figures, 20 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 211)
MYRRS,R. R., and SCHULTZ, R. R. A kinetic study of film drying by measurement of changes in mechanical properties. Paint Technology, 27, No. 11, p. 24 (1963) Conventional drying tests and a new non-destructive ultrasonic method are compared. An instrument described previously and called the Impedometer consists of an optical flat 10 x 2 cm of fused quartz bar, to the 79” angular ends of which are soldered Y-cut 5 MC/S quartz crystal transducers. The material under test is applied on the Impedometer and the attenuation of a 4~s shear wave pulse is measured and can be interpreted in terms of the kinetics of drying. Drying of acrylic lattices and linseed oils has received specific attention and the ultrasonic method enables the entire process to be continuously monitored. (7 figures, 4 tables, 29 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 212)
OLOPSSON,
S.
An dtrasonic opticd mirror system. Acustica, 13, No. 5, p. 361 (1963) A two-dimensional picture with good axial and lateral resolution and minimum phase interference is obtained by a system of two reflectors and two piezoelectric crystals. The echo-collecting 142 mm diameter ellipsoid reflector and a 28 mm hyperboloid positioned at its second focus reflect the signal onto the 3 mm diameter receiving crystal; the 20 mm transmitter is on the axis in front of the system and for optimum results the object must be situated at the first focus of the ellipsoid. The system, which works at 1 MC/S, can be mechanically moved and the movement synchronized with an electron beam on the c.r.t. The absorption of the signal by the Araldite-tungsten reflectors and the loss due to the increased probe length appear to be well compensated for by the greater resolving power and the larger apertures. (1 table, 7 figures, 15 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 213)
POSPISILOVA, J., et al. Changes in water permeability in the coanective tissae in vitro after ultrasonic irradiation. Rehabilitation, 16, No. 2-3, p. 63 (1963) More than 60 specimens of human peritoneal and rats’ mesenteric membrane were irradiated with 800 kc/s ultrasound at 1 W/cm* and in all experiments the water permeability increased immediately. Changes in permeability were observed by Day’s method. Under the experimental conditions thermal and pH changes were excluded, but at this stage it is impossible to arrive at any conclusions, The authors suggest that the method is useful in the study of ultrasonic therapy and the fundamentals of biophysics. (1 graph, 2 tables, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 214)
POWERS,J. UltrasonIc Image converter. Research and Development, 14, No. 11, p. 24 (1963) An ultrasonic image camera system is briefly described that enables objects placed in or behind a substance opaque to light to be seen on a c.r.t. The principle of operation is similar to the closed circuit television camera, but instead of being sensitive to light waves the converter is sensitive to sound waves. Although still at the development stage it already shows good definition and reliability in the nondestructive testing of materials, revealing cracks, voids and bonds in castings, forgings and welding, as well as in a great number of other applications, including medicine. (2 diagrams, 6 photographs, 1 table) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 215)
P., and CL~R~VICH, v. v. Dradg of copper wire in an ultrasonic field. Do&l& Academii Nauk U.S.S.R., 7, No. 2, p. 95 (1963) The power required to draw copper wire in an ultrasonic field is reduced by 50% compared with conventional methods, but there is also increase in elongation with a corresponding reduction in quality, estimated to be approximately 15%. A 23 kc/s magnetostrictive transducer with a concentrator was attached to the drawing plate; the amplitude of vibration was of the order of 0~012-0~02 mm. Standard copper wire l-57 mm in diameter was reduced to 1.25 mm diameter, or by 36.5 %. The equipment and the problems attendant on the wire emerging from the drawing plate are described and a mathematical derivation for the damping of standing waves is given. (2 figures, 1 reference) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 216)
SEVERDBNKO, v.
urxrusorws/
April-June
I%4
MARSHALL, K. Ultrasonics for homogenization and dispersion. Manufacturing Chemist, 34, No. 12, p. 562, (1963) A survey of the numerous applications in chemical industry of ultrasonic liquid whistle. It has largely replaced conventional methods of producing liquid/liquid and liquid/solid dispersions; products containing up to 80% solid can be successfully processed, and blendings previously thought impossible to achieve can now be successfully and economically produced by ultrasound. A number of models and accessories are available at competitive prices and the simplicity, lack of temperature effects or aeration and low operating costs are some of its advantages. The author has had personal experience of ultrasonic whistles in production and lists 10 good reasons why they should be of interest to every production chemist. (8 figures, 23 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 210)
MASON, W.
P. Ultraso~~Ics in communications and production. Electronics, 36, No. 42, p. 33 (1963) A general state-of-the-art survey, mentioning some applications of ultrasonic technology in communication, manufacturing and research. New devices, components and materials and their applications in sonar, inspection, delay lines, filters, machining and others are briefly examined under separate headings. According to this eminent author and authority on ultrasonics, sales will treble by the end of this decade, so that the subject has a very bright future indeed. (5 figures, 20 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 211)
MYRRS,R. R., and SCHULTZ, R. R. A kinetic study of film drying by measurement of changes in mechanical properties. Paint Technology, 27, No. 11, p. 24 (1963) Conventional drying tests and a new non-destructive ultrasonic method are compared. An instrument described previously and called the Impedometer consists of an optical flat 10 x 2 cm of fused quartz bar, to the 79” angular ends of which are soldered Y-cut 5 MC/S quartz crystal transducers. The material under test is applied on the Impedometer and the attenuation of a 4~s shear wave pulse is measured and can be interpreted in terms of the kinetics of drying. Drying of acrylic lattices and linseed oils has received specific attention and the ultrasonic method enables the entire process to be continuously monitored. (7 figures, 4 tables, 29 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 212)
OLOPSSON,
S.
An dtrasonic opticd mirror system. Acustica, 13, No. 5, p. 361 (1963) A two-dimensional picture with good axial and lateral resolution and minimum phase interference is obtained by a system of two reflectors and two piezoelectric crystals. The echo-collecting 142 mm diameter ellipsoid reflector and a 28 mm hyperboloid positioned at its second focus reflect the signal onto the 3 mm diameter receiving crystal; the 20 mm transmitter is on the axis in front of the system and for optimum results the object must be situated at the first focus of the ellipsoid. The system, which works at 1 MC/S, can be mechanically moved and the movement synchronized with an electron beam on the c.r.t. The absorption of the signal by the Araldite-tungsten reflectors and the loss due to the increased probe length appear to be well compensated for by the greater resolving power and the larger apertures. (1 table, 7 figures, 15 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 213)
POSPISILOVA, J., et al. Changes in water permeability in the coanective tissae in vitro after ultrasonic irradiation. Rehabilitation, 16, No. 2-3, p. 63 (1963) More than 60 specimens of human peritoneal and rats’ mesenteric membrane were irradiated with 800 kc/s ultrasound at 1 W/cm* and in all experiments the water permeability increased immediately. Changes in permeability were observed by Day’s method. Under the experimental conditions thermal and pH changes were excluded, but at this stage it is impossible to arrive at any conclusions, The authors suggest that the method is useful in the study of ultrasonic therapy and the fundamentals of biophysics. (1 graph, 2 tables, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 214)
POWERS,J. UltrasonIc Image converter. Research and Development, 14, No. 11, p. 24 (1963) An ultrasonic image camera system is briefly described that enables objects placed in or behind a substance opaque to light to be seen on a c.r.t. The principle of operation is similar to the closed circuit television camera, but instead of being sensitive to light waves the converter is sensitive to sound waves. Although still at the development stage it already shows good definition and reliability in the nondestructive testing of materials, revealing cracks, voids and bonds in castings, forgings and welding, as well as in a great number of other applications, including medicine. (2 diagrams, 6 photographs, 1 table) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 215)
P., and CL~R~VICH, v. v. Dradg of copper wire in an ultrasonic field. Do&l& Academii Nauk U.S.S.R., 7, No. 2, p. 95 (1963) The power required to draw copper wire in an ultrasonic field is reduced by 50% compared with conventional methods, but there is also increase in elongation with a corresponding reduction in quality, estimated to be approximately 15%. A 23 kc/s magnetostrictive transducer with a concentrator was attached to the drawing plate; the amplitude of vibration was of the order of 0~012-0~02 mm. Standard copper wire l-57 mm in diameter was reduced to 1.25 mm diameter, or by 36.5 %. The equipment and the problems attendant on the wire emerging from the drawing plate are described and a mathematical derivation for the damping of standing waves is given. (2 figures, 1 reference) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 216)
SEVERDBNKO, v.
urxrusorws/
April-June
I%4