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Unidirectional fibre reinforced metal matrix tape
or graphite bonded in a carbonized binder. T h e composite is formed of small straight carbon filaments, of virtually uniform length, mixed with a binder and sprayed on to a suitable surface, followed by carbonization of the binder. Random fibre orientation results in a high strength composite. High temperature resistant composite
Siegel, R. A. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 573 123 (30 March 1971) A composite heat resistant element is formed by winding composite tape round a mandrel, each tape having discrete portions of silica and carbon. T o resist delamination the interface is interlocked within a zone within the body rather than on a continuous line. Method for filaments
surface
nitriding
boron
Camahort, J. and Gomez, M. P. (Lockhead Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 573 969 (6 April 1971) Boron filaments are nitrided to make them useful for reinforcement in composite applications. Liquid boron oxide is formed on the filaments by heating at 560-800°C in an oxidizing atmosphere followed by converting the liquid oxide coating to one of solid continuous boron nitride by heating the filaments in a nitrogencontaining atmopshere at 600-1100°C. Fluorine-containing resin coated composites
Covina, C. P. (General Magnaplate Corp) US Patent 3574071 (6 April 1971) A process is described for preparing a composite aluminium article having an inner layer of aluminium, an intermediate integral layer of aluminium oxide and an outer layer of fluorinecontaining resinous material deposited electrolytically to a thickness of 0.0001 in. Glass fibre constructional member
Medler, A. (Plastigage Corp) US Patent 3 574 104 (6 April 1971) Superior strength characteristics are obtained by interposing glass fibre rod elements between glass fibre fabric layers impregnated with a hardened skin. T h e resin bonds the fabric layers together and to the rods to produce an all-cRy member capable of .high bending moment and lateral forces without excess deflection. Composite filament
Paine, R. M. (Brush Beryllium Co) US Patent 3 574 565 (13 April 1971) A process is described for the continuous formation of composite filaments using a continuous filament substrate and a metal deposited on to the filament from the vapour state, layers being built up by vacuum deposition.
46
COMPOSITESJanuary/February 1972
Process for producing continuous boron filaments
Method for making 3-D filament reinforced composites
Fanti, R. and Kuntz, U. E. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 574 649 (13 April 1971) A chemical deposition process is described for producing continuous filamentary materials, such as boron, by reducing a decomposable gas, such as boron trichloride, on to a resistively heated wire, the wire being drawn through a reactor incorporating reactor gas at both ends. A central exhaust system provides current and counter-current gas flow and different gas compositions at the ends.
Constant, D. US Patent 3577 294 (4 May 1971) An apparatus and method are described for making 3-D filament ~esin reinforced shells. This is done by securing short reinforcing fibres on to a form in which fibres project normally from the surface and then helically winding strands coated with resin either as individual strands, or as tape consisting of several strands, these strands being normal to the fibres.
Process for coating filaments with resin
Streib, H. and Hechelhammer, W. (Farbenfabriken Bayer AG) US Patent 3 577 378 (4 May 1971) Glass-fibre-reinforced polycarbonates are prepared by introducing milled, filamentary water-sized glass fibres into a solution or melt of polycarbonate resin, removing the solvent if necessary and extruding the glass fibre melt through a nozzle.
Glass fibre reinforced polycarbonates
Basche, M. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 574 665 (13 April 1971I A moving substrate is covered with a smooth and uniform coating of resin by passing a filament successively through liquid resin and liquid mercury, the latter acting both as a wiper and supporting sealant for the resin. Unidirectional matrix tape
fibre
reinforced
metal
Kreider, K. G. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 575 783 (20 April 1971) A unidirectional fibre reinforced heterogeneous matrix tape having superior off-axis strength consists of high strength, high modulus filaments. A first metal matrix largely encases the filaments, a second metal matrix of substantially higher strength than the first is bonded to the filament and the first matrix in a laminar direction. Uncured resin coated filament reinforced composite
Goldsworthy, W. B. US Patent 3 576 705 (27 April 1971) A glass fibre filament is impregnated with a resin, excess resin, air being removed by bushing rolls. The resin.coated filament is enclosed in a unidirectional oriented plastics film which is sealed longitudinally by ultrasonic welding. Enough heat is supplied to shrink the film, leaving the resin in an uncured or semi-cured state, this material is then wound up and stored for future processing.
Resin coated filamentary material
Gelb, L. L. (Hercules Inc) US Patent •3 578 489 (11 May 1971) Boron filaments are coated with a phenolic-polyvinyl acetyl resin as a bonding medium for an epoxy matrix material. A process is described for wetting the filaments to regulate the thickness of coating, followed by solvent removal and partial resin cure. Glass filled random copolymers of an olefin and an unsaturated acid
Rieke, J. K. and Justin, F. H. (Dow Chemical Co) US Patent 3 578 630 (11 May 1971) Improved tensile properties and impact resistance are obtained by loading 10-40% by weight of glass fibre into random copolymers consisting of ethylene (60-90%) and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid. These composites may be extruded or moulded to give articles such as gears, bearings and other mechanical products.
Semicarbonization of thermally stable aromatic molecules
UK PA TENTS
Hirsch, S. S. and Holsten, J. R. ( M o n santo Co) US Patent 3576769 (27 April 1971) Thermally stable aromatic fibrous polyamides are subjected to controlled heat treatment in air resulting in semicarbonization. T h e resultant fibres are essentially non-flammable, thermally and chemically stable and have good t h e r m a l dimensional stability. These fibres are useful in high temperature, flame resistant composites.
Composite refractor), for use in a molten ~lass feeder
(Emhart Corp) UK Patent 1 243951 (25 August 1971) A refractory plunger used in molten glass feeding applications is made up of a lower portion normally in contact with the molten glass which consists of alumina, silica and 10-15% zirconia: it is resistant to erosion, corrosion and thermal shock. The upper portion consists of alumina, silica and approximately 2% only of zirconia and
Siegel, R. A. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 573 123 (30 March 1971) A composite heat resistant element is formed by winding composite tape round a mandrel, each tape having discrete portions of silica and carbon. T o resist delamination the interface is interlocked within a zone within the body rather than on a continuous line. Method for filaments
surface
nitriding
boron
Camahort, J. and Gomez, M. P. (Lockhead Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 573 969 (6 April 1971) Boron filaments are nitrided to make them useful for reinforcement in composite applications. Liquid boron oxide is formed on the filaments by heating at 560-800°C in an oxidizing atmosphere followed by converting the liquid oxide coating to one of solid continuous boron nitride by heating the filaments in a nitrogencontaining atmopshere at 600-1100°C. Fluorine-containing resin coated composites
Covina, C. P. (General Magnaplate Corp) US Patent 3574071 (6 April 1971) A process is described for preparing a composite aluminium article having an inner layer of aluminium, an intermediate integral layer of aluminium oxide and an outer layer of fluorinecontaining resinous material deposited electrolytically to a thickness of 0.0001 in. Glass fibre constructional member
Medler, A. (Plastigage Corp) US Patent 3 574 104 (6 April 1971) Superior strength characteristics are obtained by interposing glass fibre rod elements between glass fibre fabric layers impregnated with a hardened skin. T h e resin bonds the fabric layers together and to the rods to produce an all-cRy member capable of .high bending moment and lateral forces without excess deflection. Composite filament
Paine, R. M. (Brush Beryllium Co) US Patent 3 574 565 (13 April 1971) A process is described for the continuous formation of composite filaments using a continuous filament substrate and a metal deposited on to the filament from the vapour state, layers being built up by vacuum deposition.
46
COMPOSITESJanuary/February 1972
Process for producing continuous boron filaments
Method for making 3-D filament reinforced composites
Fanti, R. and Kuntz, U. E. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 574 649 (13 April 1971) A chemical deposition process is described for producing continuous filamentary materials, such as boron, by reducing a decomposable gas, such as boron trichloride, on to a resistively heated wire, the wire being drawn through a reactor incorporating reactor gas at both ends. A central exhaust system provides current and counter-current gas flow and different gas compositions at the ends.
Constant, D. US Patent 3577 294 (4 May 1971) An apparatus and method are described for making 3-D filament ~esin reinforced shells. This is done by securing short reinforcing fibres on to a form in which fibres project normally from the surface and then helically winding strands coated with resin either as individual strands, or as tape consisting of several strands, these strands being normal to the fibres.
Process for coating filaments with resin
Streib, H. and Hechelhammer, W. (Farbenfabriken Bayer AG) US Patent 3 577 378 (4 May 1971) Glass-fibre-reinforced polycarbonates are prepared by introducing milled, filamentary water-sized glass fibres into a solution or melt of polycarbonate resin, removing the solvent if necessary and extruding the glass fibre melt through a nozzle.
Glass fibre reinforced polycarbonates
Basche, M. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 574 665 (13 April 1971I A moving substrate is covered with a smooth and uniform coating of resin by passing a filament successively through liquid resin and liquid mercury, the latter acting both as a wiper and supporting sealant for the resin. Unidirectional matrix tape
fibre
reinforced
metal
Kreider, K. G. (United Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 575 783 (20 April 1971) A unidirectional fibre reinforced heterogeneous matrix tape having superior off-axis strength consists of high strength, high modulus filaments. A first metal matrix largely encases the filaments, a second metal matrix of substantially higher strength than the first is bonded to the filament and the first matrix in a laminar direction. Uncured resin coated filament reinforced composite
Goldsworthy, W. B. US Patent 3 576 705 (27 April 1971) A glass fibre filament is impregnated with a resin, excess resin, air being removed by bushing rolls. The resin.coated filament is enclosed in a unidirectional oriented plastics film which is sealed longitudinally by ultrasonic welding. Enough heat is supplied to shrink the film, leaving the resin in an uncured or semi-cured state, this material is then wound up and stored for future processing.
Resin coated filamentary material
Gelb, L. L. (Hercules Inc) US Patent •3 578 489 (11 May 1971) Boron filaments are coated with a phenolic-polyvinyl acetyl resin as a bonding medium for an epoxy matrix material. A process is described for wetting the filaments to regulate the thickness of coating, followed by solvent removal and partial resin cure. Glass filled random copolymers of an olefin and an unsaturated acid
Rieke, J. K. and Justin, F. H. (Dow Chemical Co) US Patent 3 578 630 (11 May 1971) Improved tensile properties and impact resistance are obtained by loading 10-40% by weight of glass fibre into random copolymers consisting of ethylene (60-90%) and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid. These composites may be extruded or moulded to give articles such as gears, bearings and other mechanical products.
Semicarbonization of thermally stable aromatic molecules
UK PA TENTS
Hirsch, S. S. and Holsten, J. R. ( M o n santo Co) US Patent 3576769 (27 April 1971) Thermally stable aromatic fibrous polyamides are subjected to controlled heat treatment in air resulting in semicarbonization. T h e resultant fibres are essentially non-flammable, thermally and chemically stable and have good t h e r m a l dimensional stability. These fibres are useful in high temperature, flame resistant composites.
Composite refractor), for use in a molten ~lass feeder
(Emhart Corp) UK Patent 1 243951 (25 August 1971) A refractory plunger used in molten glass feeding applications is made up of a lower portion normally in contact with the molten glass which consists of alumina, silica and 10-15% zirconia: it is resistant to erosion, corrosion and thermal shock. The upper portion consists of alumina, silica and approximately 2% only of zirconia and