- Email: [email protected]
Urinary Metabolites in Chronically Depressed Children
610
Donald H . McKnew, Jr. and Leon Cytryn
dures and found to be free of psychopathology. These children were bedridden and convalescing from a fracture of a lower limb. All injuries had occurred at least three weeks prior to their entering the study. T h e parents of all the children signed an informed consent. Interrater reliability was established by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients among the two raters on the CARS. Correla-
614
Donald H . McKnew, Jr. and Leon Cytryn
group ife3e
4r957 0 0 6h Tc 1d
21404 5
614
Donald H . McKnew, Jr. and Leon Cytryn
group ife3e
4r957 0 0 6h Tc 1d
21404 5
Urinary Metabolites in Depessed Children
615
REFERENCES BOWLBY, J. (1969), Attachment and Loss. New York: Basic Books, pp. 24-34. CYTRYN, L., & MCKNEW, D. H. (1972). Proposed classification of childhood depression. Amer. J. Psychiat., 129:149-155. --& BUNNEY,W. E., JR. (1979), Diagnosis of depression in children. Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Chicago. LOGUE,M., & DESAI,R. B. (1974), Biochemical correlates of affective disorders in children. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 3 1:659-661. DEKIRMENJIAN, H. & MAAS,J. W. (1970). An improved procedure for 3-methoxy-4hydroxyphenylethylene glycol determination by gas-liquid chromatography. Ann. Biochem., 35:113-122. --(197 l ) , Determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid by gasliquid chromatography as vanillyl alcohol. Clin. Chim. Acta, 32:3 10-3 12. F.,MAAS,J. W., DEKIRMENJIAN, H., & SANCHEZ, J. (1975), Diagnostic subDE LEON-JONES, groups of affective disorders and their urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites. Amer.J. Psychiat., 132:1141-1148. EBERT,M. H. & KOPIN, I. J. (1975), Differential labelling of origins of urinary catecholamine metabolites by dopamine C". Trans. Assn. Amer. Physicians, 28:256-264. POST,R. M., & GOODWIN, F. K. (1972), Effect of physical activity on urinary MHPG excretion in depressed patients. Lancet, 2:766. GOODE,D. J., DEKIRMENJIAN, H., MELTZER,H. Y., & MAAS,J . W. (1973), Relation of exercise to MHPG excretion in normal subjects. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 29:391-396. HENRY, R.]. (1964). Cliniral Chemistry. New York: Harper & Row. L. E., DAVIS,K. L., OVERALL, J. E., & ANDERSON, T. (1978), Excretion of MHPG HOLLISTER,
--
JIMERSON, D. C., GORDON,E. K., POST, R. M., & GooDwrN, F. K. (1975), Central norMAAS,J. W. (1979), Personal communication. ___ DEKIRMENJIAN, H., & FAWCETT, J. (1971). Catecholamine metabolism, depression and
MCKNEW,D. H., CYTRYN, L., EFRON,A. M., GERSHON, E. S., & BUNNEY, W. E., JR. (1974),
-----(1979). Offspring of patients
with affective disorders.
F. K., & GORDON, E. K. (1973). Psychomotor activity and POST,R. M., KOTIN,J., GOODWIN, cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in affective illness. Amer. J. Psychiat., 130:67-72. SANDHU, R. S. & FREED,R. M. (1968), An improved method for the determination of urinary catecholamines. Clin. Chem., 14:824-825. J. J., ORSULAK, P. J., GUDEMAN, J. E., SCHATZBERG, A. F., ROHDE,W. A., SCHILDKRAUT, LABRIE,R. A., CAHILL, J . F., COLE,J. O., & FRAZIER, S. H. (1977). Recent studies of the role of catecholamines in the pathophysiology and classification of depressive disorders. In: Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders, ed. E.
Donald H . McKnew, Jr. and Leon Cytryn
dures and found to be free of psychopathology. These children were bedridden and convalescing from a fracture of a lower limb. All injuries had occurred at least three weeks prior to their entering the study. T h e parents of all the children signed an informed consent. Interrater reliability was established by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients among the two raters on the CARS. Correla-
614
Donald H . McKnew, Jr. and Leon Cytryn
group ife3e
4r957 0 0 6h Tc 1d
21404 5
614
Donald H . McKnew, Jr. and Leon Cytryn
group ife3e
4r957 0 0 6h Tc 1d
21404 5
Urinary Metabolites in Depessed Children
615
REFERENCES BOWLBY, J. (1969), Attachment and Loss. New York: Basic Books, pp. 24-34. CYTRYN, L., & MCKNEW, D. H. (1972). Proposed classification of childhood depression. Amer. J. Psychiat., 129:149-155. --& BUNNEY,W. E., JR. (1979), Diagnosis of depression in children. Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Chicago. LOGUE,M., & DESAI,R. B. (1974), Biochemical correlates of affective disorders in children. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 3 1:659-661. DEKIRMENJIAN, H. & MAAS,J. W. (1970). An improved procedure for 3-methoxy-4hydroxyphenylethylene glycol determination by gas-liquid chromatography. Ann. Biochem., 35:113-122. --(197 l ) , Determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid by gasliquid chromatography as vanillyl alcohol. Clin. Chim. Acta, 32:3 10-3 12. F.,MAAS,J. W., DEKIRMENJIAN, H., & SANCHEZ, J. (1975), Diagnostic subDE LEON-JONES, groups of affective disorders and their urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites. Amer.J. Psychiat., 132:1141-1148. EBERT,M. H. & KOPIN, I. J. (1975), Differential labelling of origins of urinary catecholamine metabolites by dopamine C". Trans. Assn. Amer. Physicians, 28:256-264. POST,R. M., & GOODWIN, F. K. (1972), Effect of physical activity on urinary MHPG excretion in depressed patients. Lancet, 2:766. GOODE,D. J., DEKIRMENJIAN, H., MELTZER,H. Y., & MAAS,J . W. (1973), Relation of exercise to MHPG excretion in normal subjects. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 29:391-396. HENRY, R.]. (1964). Cliniral Chemistry. New York: Harper & Row. L. E., DAVIS,K. L., OVERALL, J. E., & ANDERSON, T. (1978), Excretion of MHPG HOLLISTER,
--
JIMERSON, D. C., GORDON,E. K., POST, R. M., & GooDwrN, F. K. (1975), Central norMAAS,J. W. (1979), Personal communication. ___ DEKIRMENJIAN, H., & FAWCETT, J. (1971). Catecholamine metabolism, depression and
MCKNEW,D. H., CYTRYN, L., EFRON,A. M., GERSHON, E. S., & BUNNEY, W. E., JR. (1974),
-----(1979). Offspring of patients
with affective disorders.
F. K., & GORDON, E. K. (1973). Psychomotor activity and POST,R. M., KOTIN,J., GOODWIN, cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in affective illness. Amer. J. Psychiat., 130:67-72. SANDHU, R. S. & FREED,R. M. (1968), An improved method for the determination of urinary catecholamines. Clin. Chem., 14:824-825. J. J., ORSULAK, P. J., GUDEMAN, J. E., SCHATZBERG, A. F., ROHDE,W. A., SCHILDKRAUT, LABRIE,R. A., CAHILL, J . F., COLE,J. O., & FRAZIER, S. H. (1977). Recent studies of the role of catecholamines in the pathophysiology and classification of depressive disorders. In: Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders, ed. E.