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Use of discriminant analysis for automatic spike and wave detection
s41 every 2-4 months, 2 to 3 times on the same day, immediately after blood samphng to determine AED serum concentration. Polygraphic sleep recordings were made 2 or 3 times in the patients, of groups 1, 2 and 4. Therapy was continuously modified according to EEG criteria, and serum levels and efficacy were graded as very good (VG), good (G) and bad (B). VG effect with phenytoin was 87% in group 1, 91% in group 3, and 61% in group 4. Phenobarbital had a VG effect in 94% of group 2, 47% in group 3 and 89% in group 4.
USE OF DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMATIC SPIKE AND WAVE DETECTION.
M. Ermani, A. Pellegrini,
F. Tagliapietra,
A. Azzalini
and G.
Testa (University
of Padua,
Padua,
A statistical method for automatic spike and wave (SW) recognition is presented. EEGs were recorded from patients with absence seizures using an I-channel 24-h cassette recorder. These data were analyzed by an MVME 68020 Motorola which could process 24 hours’ recordings in about half an hour. The discriminant analysis was used to pick out SW discharges. The discriminant function considered several parameters describing the SW pattern such as: sharpness and amplitude of the spike, first derivative, integral calculus and duration of the wave. EEG samples recognized by the computer as having SW discharges were stored on hard disk for further evaluation by visual inspection. This allowed the discarding of incorrect detections and, on this basis, instruction of the computer to modify the parameters used to carry out the discriminant analysis and therefore to ‘learn’ a more accurate method to recognize SW discharges. Data collected so far showed that this method has a 93% sensitivity and a 90% specificity in SW recognition.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTINUOUS WAVE DURING SLEEP AND LANGUAGE TURBANCES.
SPIKE DIS-
BLINK REFLEXES TOMOSIS (AFA).
IN
ACCESSORY-FACIAL
ANAS-
(Hospital
General
‘Gregorio
Maranon’,
Madrid,
Spain)
Three groups have been studied: (1) 9 patients with a complete facial nerve lesion followed by AFA with denervation, progressively improving since onset (6 months to 8 years). Electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve provoked a response in the orbicularis oculi on the pathological side in all but 1 case (that with most recent onset). In 6 patients, the response had 2 components with an early potential having a similar latency to Rl of the blink reflex (11-12 msec) and a late potential varying from 60 to 100 msec in parallel with reinnervation. (2) 5 cases suffering from a prolonged complete facial nerve lesion for a period covering 12-28 months. None of these showed facial nerve conduction or blink reflexes ipsilateral to the lesion. (3) 9 cases (4 normal, 5 with a complete facial nerve lesion) in 6 of whom stimulation of the supraorbital nerve provoked a response in the stemocleidomastoid. This was usually bilateral with a latency of 60-90 msec. A long-latency reflex over accessory nerve muscles has been produced in 60-70% of normal individuals by a trigeminal nerve stimulus. This could be responsible for our finding in patients with AFA rather than regeneration of the nerve. Increased incidence of a trigemino-accessory reflex in cases with AFA (1) compared with controls (3) could be due to neuroplasticity induced by basal reflex conditions of the facial area.
L.C. Elkis and R. GrossTONIC FACIAL HEMISPASM.
mann (Universidade
2 patients tested. In some cases, the EEG findings and the characteristics of the epileptic alterations resembled some aspects of benign childhood partial epilepsy with the POCS arising from a secondary bilateral synchronization. We analyze the relationship between the EEG continuous spike waves during slow sleep and clinical manifestations and discuss, with regard to the literature, the pathogenesis of the transitory electroencephalographic findings and practical implications.
A. E.rteban and A. Traba
Italy)
S.B. Esposito, B. Dalla Bemardina,
There was no evidence of structural damage in the 2 cases who had MRI, and serum and urinary zinc were normal in the
Catblica,
SBo Paulo,
Brazil)
The purpose of this work is to present five children with receptive and expressive language problems in combination with epileptic EEG abnormalities. These cases were investigated with traditional tests (EEG, CT, ERA, CSF) and recent techniques (MRI and serum and urinary zinc levels). All cases had a neuropsychological evaluation.
A. E&ban and A. Traba (Hospital
General
‘Gregorio
Maraiibn’,
Madrid,
Spain)
Eight patients with facial asymmetry due to a persistent tonic contraction of one side of the face have been studied. Four also had clinical facial weakness and myokymias. Final diagnoses were multiple sclerosis (6) brain-stem tumor (1) and
USE OF DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMATIC SPIKE AND WAVE DETECTION.
M. Ermani, A. Pellegrini,
F. Tagliapietra,
A. Azzalini
and G.
Testa (University
of Padua,
Padua,
A statistical method for automatic spike and wave (SW) recognition is presented. EEGs were recorded from patients with absence seizures using an I-channel 24-h cassette recorder. These data were analyzed by an MVME 68020 Motorola which could process 24 hours’ recordings in about half an hour. The discriminant analysis was used to pick out SW discharges. The discriminant function considered several parameters describing the SW pattern such as: sharpness and amplitude of the spike, first derivative, integral calculus and duration of the wave. EEG samples recognized by the computer as having SW discharges were stored on hard disk for further evaluation by visual inspection. This allowed the discarding of incorrect detections and, on this basis, instruction of the computer to modify the parameters used to carry out the discriminant analysis and therefore to ‘learn’ a more accurate method to recognize SW discharges. Data collected so far showed that this method has a 93% sensitivity and a 90% specificity in SW recognition.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTINUOUS WAVE DURING SLEEP AND LANGUAGE TURBANCES.
SPIKE DIS-
BLINK REFLEXES TOMOSIS (AFA).
IN
ACCESSORY-FACIAL
ANAS-
(Hospital
General
‘Gregorio
Maranon’,
Madrid,
Spain)
Three groups have been studied: (1) 9 patients with a complete facial nerve lesion followed by AFA with denervation, progressively improving since onset (6 months to 8 years). Electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve provoked a response in the orbicularis oculi on the pathological side in all but 1 case (that with most recent onset). In 6 patients, the response had 2 components with an early potential having a similar latency to Rl of the blink reflex (11-12 msec) and a late potential varying from 60 to 100 msec in parallel with reinnervation. (2) 5 cases suffering from a prolonged complete facial nerve lesion for a period covering 12-28 months. None of these showed facial nerve conduction or blink reflexes ipsilateral to the lesion. (3) 9 cases (4 normal, 5 with a complete facial nerve lesion) in 6 of whom stimulation of the supraorbital nerve provoked a response in the stemocleidomastoid. This was usually bilateral with a latency of 60-90 msec. A long-latency reflex over accessory nerve muscles has been produced in 60-70% of normal individuals by a trigeminal nerve stimulus. This could be responsible for our finding in patients with AFA rather than regeneration of the nerve. Increased incidence of a trigemino-accessory reflex in cases with AFA (1) compared with controls (3) could be due to neuroplasticity induced by basal reflex conditions of the facial area.
L.C. Elkis and R. GrossTONIC FACIAL HEMISPASM.
mann (Universidade
2 patients tested. In some cases, the EEG findings and the characteristics of the epileptic alterations resembled some aspects of benign childhood partial epilepsy with the POCS arising from a secondary bilateral synchronization. We analyze the relationship between the EEG continuous spike waves during slow sleep and clinical manifestations and discuss, with regard to the literature, the pathogenesis of the transitory electroencephalographic findings and practical implications.
A. E.rteban and A. Traba
Italy)
S.B. Esposito, B. Dalla Bemardina,
There was no evidence of structural damage in the 2 cases who had MRI, and serum and urinary zinc were normal in the
Catblica,
SBo Paulo,
Brazil)
The purpose of this work is to present five children with receptive and expressive language problems in combination with epileptic EEG abnormalities. These cases were investigated with traditional tests (EEG, CT, ERA, CSF) and recent techniques (MRI and serum and urinary zinc levels). All cases had a neuropsychological evaluation.
A. E&ban and A. Traba (Hospital
General
‘Gregorio
Maraiibn’,
Madrid,
Spain)
Eight patients with facial asymmetry due to a persistent tonic contraction of one side of the face have been studied. Four also had clinical facial weakness and myokymias. Final diagnoses were multiple sclerosis (6) brain-stem tumor (1) and