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Vacuum insulation for cryogenic cables
v&u;rn
P. Graneau
R. Hawley
J. Galand
insulation
for cryogenic
Pefer Graneau is Technical Director of High Voltage Engineering at Simplex Wire and Cable Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts and maintains close links with the neighbouring MIT. He graduated with first class honours in electrical engineering from the University of Nottingham where he also obtained his PhD degree for extending the Ampere-Neumann electrodynamics to three-dimensional conductors. The further development of this theory led him to cryogenic cables where electromagnetic problems are second only in importance to high-voltage insulation aspects. From 1955 to the end of 1966 he was in the Central Research Laboratories of British Insulated Callender’s Cables Ltd, London. There he coordinated, during the last three years, research on resistive cryogenic and superconducting underground transmission lines. Solid insulators in vacuum : a review R Hawley, BSc, PhD, A lnst P, C Eng, MIEE, received his BSc in Electrical Engineering at Kings College, University of Durham. in 1959. In 1963 he received his PhD from the same University for a thesis on “Investigations into the Electrical Breakdown of High Vacuum”. From 1961-1964 he was Section Leader in charge of the Corona Group Electrical Research Department, C A Parsons & Co Ltd where he was responsible for directing investigations into (1) fundamental breakdown studies of vacuum, liquid and solid dielectrics; (2) studies of experimental liquid/solid assemblies and (3) development of measuring techniques for the detection of partial discharges in experimental high voltage assemblies and transformers. Since 1964 he has been connected with the Generator Department, C A Parsons & Co Ltd and his present position is Deputy Chief Generator Engineer. His published works include Vacuum as an insulator. An Indexed Bibliography, jointly with A Maitland (published bv Chaoman & Hall). Dielectric S&ids. iointlv’with A A Zaky (to be published’by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd). He is the author of seven chapters in various books mainly on the electrical properties of high vacuum and also on the electrical properties of insulating oil. He has written 14 papers on the topic of the electrical insulating properties of vacuum and prebreakdown phenomena in vacuum, as well as numerous other papers on insulating liquids and solids, and novel and conventional methods of power generation.
Dielectric strength of polymers at cryogenic temperatures under vacuum Jean Galand, lngenieur ESE, DocteurIngenieur, joined the LCIE in 1964, after three years as assistant in the University of Grenoble. He carried out research dealing with partial discharges for two years before entering the department of electrical insulating materials. Jean-Claud Bobo was born in Perpignan, France in 1936. He received his PhD from the Universitv of Paris in 1963. After two years as lecturer at this University, he joined the Research Centre of the Compagnie Generhle d’Electricite in 1966.
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He has been working on the dielectrics and cryogenics for the last two years. Marcel Perrier was born in Villefranchesur-Saone, France in 1936. He graduated from the University of Paris in 1963. In 1964 he joined the Research Centre of the Compagnie Generale d’Electricite where he is largely concerned with research in cryogenics. High voltage breakdown in vacuum C F Germain, a graduate Electrical Engineer from the “Ecole Superieure d’Electricit6” and PhD in phvsics from Paris University is leader of the separator group at CERN (Geneva). He joined CERN in 1954 to take oart in the construction of the 28 GeV syn’chrotron magnet and since the completion of this project he has been in charge of the various electrostatic separator projects which were undertaken at CERN for the high energy physics programme. f Rohrbach araduated in aoolied ohvsics at the Ecole”Polytechnique of Lausanne and since he joined the separator group at CERN in 1961, he has devoted most of his activity to research and development work connected with the separator programme. He is preparing a PhD thesis on HT vacuum breakdown phenomena. High-speed photographs of vacuum sparks at voltages up to 250 kV A Maitland, born in 1928, was a schoolteacher from 1948-1956, when he received a BSc (external, London University) and joined the Research Department of AEI, at Manchester, where he was involved in research on the insulation properties of vacuum. There he remained until 1961, when he received an MSc (external, London University) and moved to C A Parsons, Nuclear Research Centre to do research on the electrical properties of inert/gas alkali-metal vapour mixtures, as part of a programme of investigation for closed-cycle magnetoplasmadynamic power generation. This was completed in 1963, since when he has been a lecturer in the Physics Department at St Andrews University, conducting research on the properties of gas discharge lasers. Some effects of gases upon vacuum breakdown initiated by field emission of electrons R N Bloomer, Mr Bloomer’s early postgraduate experience and continuing interest has been in teaching. His research career has been in the laboratories of Associated Electrical Industries Ltd (Aldermaston Court 1947-59, Harlow until 1963, Rugby 1964) and subsequently at the Marchwood Engineering Laboratories of the Central Electricity Generating Board. His interests range from properties of surfaces, like electron emission, to the application of vacuum physics and technology to engineering problems. B M Cox started his career at the Aldermaston Court Laboratories of AEI Ltd in 1951. After obtaining a HNC in Applied Physics he specialized in vacuum physics research with a prime interest in surface studies. This interest has continued throughout his career at the Harlow and Rugby Laboratories of AEI Ltd and at the MEL of the CEGB.
P. Graneau
R. Hawley
J. Galand
insulation
for cryogenic
Pefer Graneau is Technical Director of High Voltage Engineering at Simplex Wire and Cable Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts and maintains close links with the neighbouring MIT. He graduated with first class honours in electrical engineering from the University of Nottingham where he also obtained his PhD degree for extending the Ampere-Neumann electrodynamics to three-dimensional conductors. The further development of this theory led him to cryogenic cables where electromagnetic problems are second only in importance to high-voltage insulation aspects. From 1955 to the end of 1966 he was in the Central Research Laboratories of British Insulated Callender’s Cables Ltd, London. There he coordinated, during the last three years, research on resistive cryogenic and superconducting underground transmission lines. Solid insulators in vacuum : a review R Hawley, BSc, PhD, A lnst P, C Eng, MIEE, received his BSc in Electrical Engineering at Kings College, University of Durham. in 1959. In 1963 he received his PhD from the same University for a thesis on “Investigations into the Electrical Breakdown of High Vacuum”. From 1961-1964 he was Section Leader in charge of the Corona Group Electrical Research Department, C A Parsons & Co Ltd where he was responsible for directing investigations into (1) fundamental breakdown studies of vacuum, liquid and solid dielectrics; (2) studies of experimental liquid/solid assemblies and (3) development of measuring techniques for the detection of partial discharges in experimental high voltage assemblies and transformers. Since 1964 he has been connected with the Generator Department, C A Parsons & Co Ltd and his present position is Deputy Chief Generator Engineer. His published works include Vacuum as an insulator. An Indexed Bibliography, jointly with A Maitland (published bv Chaoman & Hall). Dielectric S&ids. iointlv’with A A Zaky (to be published’by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd). He is the author of seven chapters in various books mainly on the electrical properties of high vacuum and also on the electrical properties of insulating oil. He has written 14 papers on the topic of the electrical insulating properties of vacuum and prebreakdown phenomena in vacuum, as well as numerous other papers on insulating liquids and solids, and novel and conventional methods of power generation.
Dielectric strength of polymers at cryogenic temperatures under vacuum Jean Galand, lngenieur ESE, DocteurIngenieur, joined the LCIE in 1964, after three years as assistant in the University of Grenoble. He carried out research dealing with partial discharges for two years before entering the department of electrical insulating materials. Jean-Claud Bobo was born in Perpignan, France in 1936. He received his PhD from the Universitv of Paris in 1963. After two years as lecturer at this University, he joined the Research Centre of the Compagnie Generhle d’Electricite in 1966.
414
He has been working on the dielectrics and cryogenics for the last two years. Marcel Perrier was born in Villefranchesur-Saone, France in 1936. He graduated from the University of Paris in 1963. In 1964 he joined the Research Centre of the Compagnie Generale d’Electricite where he is largely concerned with research in cryogenics. High voltage breakdown in vacuum C F Germain, a graduate Electrical Engineer from the “Ecole Superieure d’Electricit6” and PhD in phvsics from Paris University is leader of the separator group at CERN (Geneva). He joined CERN in 1954 to take oart in the construction of the 28 GeV syn’chrotron magnet and since the completion of this project he has been in charge of the various electrostatic separator projects which were undertaken at CERN for the high energy physics programme. f Rohrbach araduated in aoolied ohvsics at the Ecole”Polytechnique of Lausanne and since he joined the separator group at CERN in 1961, he has devoted most of his activity to research and development work connected with the separator programme. He is preparing a PhD thesis on HT vacuum breakdown phenomena. High-speed photographs of vacuum sparks at voltages up to 250 kV A Maitland, born in 1928, was a schoolteacher from 1948-1956, when he received a BSc (external, London University) and joined the Research Department of AEI, at Manchester, where he was involved in research on the insulation properties of vacuum. There he remained until 1961, when he received an MSc (external, London University) and moved to C A Parsons, Nuclear Research Centre to do research on the electrical properties of inert/gas alkali-metal vapour mixtures, as part of a programme of investigation for closed-cycle magnetoplasmadynamic power generation. This was completed in 1963, since when he has been a lecturer in the Physics Department at St Andrews University, conducting research on the properties of gas discharge lasers. Some effects of gases upon vacuum breakdown initiated by field emission of electrons R N Bloomer, Mr Bloomer’s early postgraduate experience and continuing interest has been in teaching. His research career has been in the laboratories of Associated Electrical Industries Ltd (Aldermaston Court 1947-59, Harlow until 1963, Rugby 1964) and subsequently at the Marchwood Engineering Laboratories of the Central Electricity Generating Board. His interests range from properties of surfaces, like electron emission, to the application of vacuum physics and technology to engineering problems. B M Cox started his career at the Aldermaston Court Laboratories of AEI Ltd in 1951. After obtaining a HNC in Applied Physics he specialized in vacuum physics research with a prime interest in surface studies. This interest has continued throughout his career at the Harlow and Rugby Laboratories of AEI Ltd and at the MEL of the CEGB.