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Volume contents (Volume 51 1998)
Medical Hypotheses V o l u m e c o n t e n t s ( V o l u m e 51 1998) Immunologic tolerance: self-nonself discrimination versus costimulatory factors and second signals Z. Simon, C. A. Tatu Natural killer cell reactivity: activation and cytolysis mechanism models, involving heat shock protein, haemopoietic histocompatibility, major histocompatibility complex and complement molecules G. Manzo Vascular heparan sulfates may limit the ability of leukocytes to penetrate the endothelial barrier - - implications for use of glucosamine in inflammatory disorders M. F. McCarty
1
5
11
A dual pathway for the transmission of spongiform encephalopathy disease D. H. Adams
17
Sudden infant death syndrome and the modulation of neuropeptides released during shock G. M. Reid
23
S~licon and matrix macromolecules: new research opportunities for old diseases from analysis of potential mechanisms of breast implant toxicity A. E. Brawer
27
Outline of a theory of manic-depressive illness R. P. Clarke
37
Is Brucella abortus a facultative intraceilular pathogen with mitochondria-like activity? R. Ramfrez-Romero
41
Physical bioenergetics of degradation-resistant proteins in diseases and aging S. Axelsson
47
An ataxia telangiectasia model: inefficient cell differentiation and possible reversal by serine protease
inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, dexamethasone, and glutathione enhancers J, Knittweis
53
The role of the Th-1 to Th-2 shift of the cytokine profiles of CD4 helper cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and hypercatabolic diseases A. H#ssig, H. Kremer, W. X. Liang, K, Stampfli
59
Hydroxocobalamins as biologically compatible donors of nitric oxide implicated in the acceleration of wound healing J. A, Bauer
65
Motor perception and anatomical realism in Classical Greek art J. R. Skoyles
69
The urea cycle as a source of nitric oxide implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J. A, Bauer
71
Human immunodeficiency virus in breast milk S. B. Kennedy IV
75
A hypothesis for the etiology of interstitial cystitis based upon inhibition of bladder epithelial repair
79
S. Keay, J. W. Warren
Erythropoietin levels can be used to determine tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients S, J. Padayatty
85
Lerner's homeostasis and blood pressure M. B. Luna, M. Orsatti, L. Poletto
89
Intracellular starvation in the insulin resistance syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus A. M, Fournier
95
Essential hypertension is lymphatic: a working hypothesis J, E. M~karski The prime role of plasma membrane cholesterol in the pathogenesis of immune evasion and clinical manifestations of falciparum malaria K. K. Sein, M, Aikawa The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis W. McK. Jefferies
101
105 111
Casual household transmission of human immunodeficiency virus M. Raze/ Effect of chiral helical force field on molecular helical enantiomers and possible origin of biomolecular homochirality Y. J, He, F. Qi, S, C. Qi
115
125
The case for iron repletion as a promoter in testicular cancer R. D. Crawford
129
Autism and Clostridium tetani E. R, Bolte
133
Erythrocyte as a potential model for study of lifelong somatic mutations B. L Gerashchenko
145
Natural defenses and autoprotection: naturotherapy, an old concept of healing in a new perspective B. Lohff, J. Schaefer, K. hi. Nierhaus, T. Peters, T. Schaefer, R. Vos
147
Mechanisms of autoprotection and the role of stress-proteins in natural defenses, autoprotection, and salutogenesis J. Schaefer, K, H. Nierhaus, B. Lohff, 7-. Peters, T. Schaefer, R. Vos
153
A developmental approach to severe depression 7-. Partonen
165
Venlafaxine-tramadol similarities J. S. Markowitz, K. S. Patrick
167
The keys of oxidative stress in acquired immune deficiency syndrome apoptosis D. Romero-AIvira, E. Roche
169
Quantitative definition of toxicity: a mathematical description of life and death with dose and time as variables K. K. Rozman
175
The evolution of aging: a new approach to an old problem of biology J. T. Bowles
179
Expanded (CAG)., (CGG). and (GAA). trinucleotide repeat microsatellites, and mutant purine synthesis and pigmentation genes cause schizophrenia and autism K. M. Fischer
223
Pyridostigmine bromide and Gulf War syndrome Z.-X. Shen
235
Vitamin supplementation and breast cancer: is homeostasis a factor? R. C. Rose A new look at an old option in the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer: hormone therapy as an alternative to watchful waiting F. E. Yang, P. Y. Song, J, Wayne, F. Vaida, S. Vijayakumar
239
Congenital disorders sharing oxidative stress and cancer proneness as phenotypic hallmarks: prospects for joint research in pharmacology G. Pagano, L. G. Korkina, U, 7-. Brunk, L, Chessa, P, Degan, D. de/Principe, F. J. Kelly, W. Malorni, F. Pallard6, C. Pasquier, L Scovassi, A. Zatterale, C. Franceschi Vitamin D and serotonin in winter T. Partonen Can high maternal melatonin concentrations be responsible for inducing fetal pathologies, and can melatonin participate in immunohormonal homeostasis by determining prohormone convertase activity? - - hypotheses and facts W. Ciesla
243
253
267
269
High rate of asthma among immigrants A. Ballin, E. Somekh, D. Geva, D. Meytes
281
Fetal origin of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus: genetic or environmental cause? J. A. Morris
285
Cortisol's purpose C. Weber
289
Is the prophylactic use of antiepileptic drugs in Sturge-Weber syndrome justified? M. S. Salman
293
One pacemaker in seasonal affective disorder T. Partonen
297
The multiple sclerosis lesion: initiated by a localized hypoperfusion in a central nervous system where mechanisms allowing leukocyte infiltration are readily upregulated? B. H. J. Juurlink
299
A re-evaluation of the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin on facial movement disorders in man F. E. Leon-S, K. Arimura, A. M. Chavez
305
An immunological model connecting the pathogenesis of stress, depression and carcinoma R. J. Holden, I. S. Pakula, P. A. Mooney
309
Febrile infectious childhood diseases in the history of cancer patients and matched controls 14. U. Albonico, H. U. Br~ker, J. HOsler
315
Evidence for age-related deamidation reactions in erythrocyte p55 and glycophorins C and D: implications for signal transduction involving tumour-suppressor proteins in higher eukaryotes J. T. Lofthouse
321
A quantitative assessment of ancient therapeutics: poppy and pain in the Hippocratic Corpus P. Prioreschi, R. P. Heaney, E. Brehm
325
The therapeutic potential of oral creatine supplementation in muscle disease M. Wyss, S. Felber, D. Skladal, A. Koller, C. Kremser, W. Sperl
333
Could synergistic interactions among reactive oxygen species, proteinases, membrane-perforating enzymes, hydrolases, microbial hemolysins and cytokines be the main cause of tissue damage in infectious and inflammatory conditions? I. Ginsburg
337
Glucosamine in osteoarthritis and gastrointestinal disorders: an examplar of the need for a paradigm shift A. L. Russell
347
The neurology and evolution of humor, laughter, and smiling: the false alarm theory V. S. Ramachandran
351
Short Note: Heterogeneous response of red blood cells to colloidal silica as a criterion for study of their membrane alterations: flow cytometric approach B. I. Gerashchenko
355
Factors and their origins in mate selection and choice among humans: implications for individual psychotherapy and counseling N. Pediaditakis
359
Fractal organization of the pointwise correlation dimension of the heart rate E. Nahshoni, E. Adler, S. Laniado, G. Keren Does the lack of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump in neutrophils explain the efficacy of colchicine in familial Mediterranean fever and other inflammatory diseases? E. Ben-Chetrit, M. Levy The treatment of spinocerebellar ataxias: facts and hypotheses M. I. Botez, T. Botez-Marquard, P. Mayer, L. Marchand, R. Lalonde, T. A. Reader
367
377 381
Insights into the relationship of fatty streaks to raised atherosclerotic lesions provided by the hemorheologic-hemodynamic theory of atherogenesis G. D. Sloop
385
The inter-relation of maternal immune competence, HIV-1 viral load, and nutritional status in preventing vertical transmission: an alternative to chemoprophylaxis? P. J. Moran, S. L. Welles, M. A. Williams
389
Utility of metformin as an adjunct to hydroxycitrate/carnitine for reducing body fat in diabetics M. F. McCarty
399
Antioxidant inhibitors for cancer therapy Q. Kong, K. O. Lillehei
405
Host metabolism: a target in clinical oncology? J. M. Argi/6s, F. J. L6pez-Soriano
411
Facilitating survival and recovery by removing autogenic pathology from the clinical picture H. W. Co//ins
417
Microbiology of the intestinal lymph follicle: a clue to elucidate causative microbial agent(s) in Crohn's disease IV/. Chiba, M. Komatsu, M. lizuka, O. Masamune, S. Hoshina, M. Kono Syndrome-AC: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the anabolic/catabolic paradox S. Provonsha, C. Wade, A. Sherma
421 429
SHORT NOTES A possible neurophysiological basis for psychological pain
439
7-. Koyama
Extrapineal melatonin and exogenous serotonin in seasonal affective disorder T. Partonen
441
The amount of DNA in cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum and their susceptibility to hypoxia E. Kowalska, T. Marcinkowski
443
On the possibility of preventing multiple sclerosis
445
T. Marcinkowski
Magnetoreception attributed to the efficacy of light therapy 7". Partonen
447
The endogenous euphoric reward syetem that reinforces physical training: a mechanism for mankind's survival 449 L. Sher Complementary measures for promoting insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle M. F. McCarty
451
Vascular nitric oxide may lessen Alzheimer's risk M. F. McCarty
465
Did consumption of flour bleached by the agene process contribute to the incidence of neurological disease? C. A, Shaw, J. S. Bains
477
Primary open-angle glaucoma may be a hyaluronic acid deficiency disease: potential for glucosamine in prevention and therapy M. F. McCarty Segmental duplications of somatic (human) chromatids G. T. Matioli Hypothetical framework for enhanced renal tubular secretion of drugs in cystic fibrosis C. Woodland, D. Blowey, S. Ito, M. Spino, G. Koren
483
485 489
A proposed role for nerve growth factor in the etiology of multiple sclerosis R. C, Olson
493
On reciprocal translocations of chromatid segments in cancer cells G. T. Matioli
499
Biological homing: hypothesis for a quantum effect that leads to the existence of life W, J. Meggs
503
Telomerase-independent modulation of telomere lengths in mammalian chromatids G. T. Matioli
507
A constructionist model predicting the emergence, complementarity and classification of the nucleotide bases M. Mussat, M. E. B#gin, J. P. Bureau
511
Subject index
525
Author index
529
Copyright © Harcourt Brace & Co. Ltd 1998 ISSN 0306-9877 _JJ) is a registered trade mark of Harcourt Brace & Co. Ltd. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the Publishers (Churchill Livingstone, Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH1 3AF) or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, WlP 0LP. Printed in the UK by Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow
1
5
11
A dual pathway for the transmission of spongiform encephalopathy disease D. H. Adams
17
Sudden infant death syndrome and the modulation of neuropeptides released during shock G. M. Reid
23
S~licon and matrix macromolecules: new research opportunities for old diseases from analysis of potential mechanisms of breast implant toxicity A. E. Brawer
27
Outline of a theory of manic-depressive illness R. P. Clarke
37
Is Brucella abortus a facultative intraceilular pathogen with mitochondria-like activity? R. Ramfrez-Romero
41
Physical bioenergetics of degradation-resistant proteins in diseases and aging S. Axelsson
47
An ataxia telangiectasia model: inefficient cell differentiation and possible reversal by serine protease
inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, dexamethasone, and glutathione enhancers J, Knittweis
53
The role of the Th-1 to Th-2 shift of the cytokine profiles of CD4 helper cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and hypercatabolic diseases A. H#ssig, H. Kremer, W. X. Liang, K, Stampfli
59
Hydroxocobalamins as biologically compatible donors of nitric oxide implicated in the acceleration of wound healing J. A, Bauer
65
Motor perception and anatomical realism in Classical Greek art J. R. Skoyles
69
The urea cycle as a source of nitric oxide implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J. A, Bauer
71
Human immunodeficiency virus in breast milk S. B. Kennedy IV
75
A hypothesis for the etiology of interstitial cystitis based upon inhibition of bladder epithelial repair
79
S. Keay, J. W. Warren
Erythropoietin levels can be used to determine tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients S, J. Padayatty
85
Lerner's homeostasis and blood pressure M. B. Luna, M. Orsatti, L. Poletto
89
Intracellular starvation in the insulin resistance syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus A. M, Fournier
95
Essential hypertension is lymphatic: a working hypothesis J, E. M~karski The prime role of plasma membrane cholesterol in the pathogenesis of immune evasion and clinical manifestations of falciparum malaria K. K. Sein, M, Aikawa The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis W. McK. Jefferies
101
105 111
Casual household transmission of human immunodeficiency virus M. Raze/ Effect of chiral helical force field on molecular helical enantiomers and possible origin of biomolecular homochirality Y. J, He, F. Qi, S, C. Qi
115
125
The case for iron repletion as a promoter in testicular cancer R. D. Crawford
129
Autism and Clostridium tetani E. R, Bolte
133
Erythrocyte as a potential model for study of lifelong somatic mutations B. L Gerashchenko
145
Natural defenses and autoprotection: naturotherapy, an old concept of healing in a new perspective B. Lohff, J. Schaefer, K. hi. Nierhaus, T. Peters, T. Schaefer, R. Vos
147
Mechanisms of autoprotection and the role of stress-proteins in natural defenses, autoprotection, and salutogenesis J. Schaefer, K, H. Nierhaus, B. Lohff, 7-. Peters, T. Schaefer, R. Vos
153
A developmental approach to severe depression 7-. Partonen
165
Venlafaxine-tramadol similarities J. S. Markowitz, K. S. Patrick
167
The keys of oxidative stress in acquired immune deficiency syndrome apoptosis D. Romero-AIvira, E. Roche
169
Quantitative definition of toxicity: a mathematical description of life and death with dose and time as variables K. K. Rozman
175
The evolution of aging: a new approach to an old problem of biology J. T. Bowles
179
Expanded (CAG)., (CGG). and (GAA). trinucleotide repeat microsatellites, and mutant purine synthesis and pigmentation genes cause schizophrenia and autism K. M. Fischer
223
Pyridostigmine bromide and Gulf War syndrome Z.-X. Shen
235
Vitamin supplementation and breast cancer: is homeostasis a factor? R. C. Rose A new look at an old option in the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer: hormone therapy as an alternative to watchful waiting F. E. Yang, P. Y. Song, J, Wayne, F. Vaida, S. Vijayakumar
239
Congenital disorders sharing oxidative stress and cancer proneness as phenotypic hallmarks: prospects for joint research in pharmacology G. Pagano, L. G. Korkina, U, 7-. Brunk, L, Chessa, P, Degan, D. de/Principe, F. J. Kelly, W. Malorni, F. Pallard6, C. Pasquier, L Scovassi, A. Zatterale, C. Franceschi Vitamin D and serotonin in winter T. Partonen Can high maternal melatonin concentrations be responsible for inducing fetal pathologies, and can melatonin participate in immunohormonal homeostasis by determining prohormone convertase activity? - - hypotheses and facts W. Ciesla
243
253
267
269
High rate of asthma among immigrants A. Ballin, E. Somekh, D. Geva, D. Meytes
281
Fetal origin of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus: genetic or environmental cause? J. A. Morris
285
Cortisol's purpose C. Weber
289
Is the prophylactic use of antiepileptic drugs in Sturge-Weber syndrome justified? M. S. Salman
293
One pacemaker in seasonal affective disorder T. Partonen
297
The multiple sclerosis lesion: initiated by a localized hypoperfusion in a central nervous system where mechanisms allowing leukocyte infiltration are readily upregulated? B. H. J. Juurlink
299
A re-evaluation of the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin on facial movement disorders in man F. E. Leon-S, K. Arimura, A. M. Chavez
305
An immunological model connecting the pathogenesis of stress, depression and carcinoma R. J. Holden, I. S. Pakula, P. A. Mooney
309
Febrile infectious childhood diseases in the history of cancer patients and matched controls 14. U. Albonico, H. U. Br~ker, J. HOsler
315
Evidence for age-related deamidation reactions in erythrocyte p55 and glycophorins C and D: implications for signal transduction involving tumour-suppressor proteins in higher eukaryotes J. T. Lofthouse
321
A quantitative assessment of ancient therapeutics: poppy and pain in the Hippocratic Corpus P. Prioreschi, R. P. Heaney, E. Brehm
325
The therapeutic potential of oral creatine supplementation in muscle disease M. Wyss, S. Felber, D. Skladal, A. Koller, C. Kremser, W. Sperl
333
Could synergistic interactions among reactive oxygen species, proteinases, membrane-perforating enzymes, hydrolases, microbial hemolysins and cytokines be the main cause of tissue damage in infectious and inflammatory conditions? I. Ginsburg
337
Glucosamine in osteoarthritis and gastrointestinal disorders: an examplar of the need for a paradigm shift A. L. Russell
347
The neurology and evolution of humor, laughter, and smiling: the false alarm theory V. S. Ramachandran
351
Short Note: Heterogeneous response of red blood cells to colloidal silica as a criterion for study of their membrane alterations: flow cytometric approach B. I. Gerashchenko
355
Factors and their origins in mate selection and choice among humans: implications for individual psychotherapy and counseling N. Pediaditakis
359
Fractal organization of the pointwise correlation dimension of the heart rate E. Nahshoni, E. Adler, S. Laniado, G. Keren Does the lack of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump in neutrophils explain the efficacy of colchicine in familial Mediterranean fever and other inflammatory diseases? E. Ben-Chetrit, M. Levy The treatment of spinocerebellar ataxias: facts and hypotheses M. I. Botez, T. Botez-Marquard, P. Mayer, L. Marchand, R. Lalonde, T. A. Reader
367
377 381
Insights into the relationship of fatty streaks to raised atherosclerotic lesions provided by the hemorheologic-hemodynamic theory of atherogenesis G. D. Sloop
385
The inter-relation of maternal immune competence, HIV-1 viral load, and nutritional status in preventing vertical transmission: an alternative to chemoprophylaxis? P. J. Moran, S. L. Welles, M. A. Williams
389
Utility of metformin as an adjunct to hydroxycitrate/carnitine for reducing body fat in diabetics M. F. McCarty
399
Antioxidant inhibitors for cancer therapy Q. Kong, K. O. Lillehei
405
Host metabolism: a target in clinical oncology? J. M. Argi/6s, F. J. L6pez-Soriano
411
Facilitating survival and recovery by removing autogenic pathology from the clinical picture H. W. Co//ins
417
Microbiology of the intestinal lymph follicle: a clue to elucidate causative microbial agent(s) in Crohn's disease IV/. Chiba, M. Komatsu, M. lizuka, O. Masamune, S. Hoshina, M. Kono Syndrome-AC: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the anabolic/catabolic paradox S. Provonsha, C. Wade, A. Sherma
421 429
SHORT NOTES A possible neurophysiological basis for psychological pain
439
7-. Koyama
Extrapineal melatonin and exogenous serotonin in seasonal affective disorder T. Partonen
441
The amount of DNA in cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum and their susceptibility to hypoxia E. Kowalska, T. Marcinkowski
443
On the possibility of preventing multiple sclerosis
445
T. Marcinkowski
Magnetoreception attributed to the efficacy of light therapy 7". Partonen
447
The endogenous euphoric reward syetem that reinforces physical training: a mechanism for mankind's survival 449 L. Sher Complementary measures for promoting insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle M. F. McCarty
451
Vascular nitric oxide may lessen Alzheimer's risk M. F. McCarty
465
Did consumption of flour bleached by the agene process contribute to the incidence of neurological disease? C. A, Shaw, J. S. Bains
477
Primary open-angle glaucoma may be a hyaluronic acid deficiency disease: potential for glucosamine in prevention and therapy M. F. McCarty Segmental duplications of somatic (human) chromatids G. T. Matioli Hypothetical framework for enhanced renal tubular secretion of drugs in cystic fibrosis C. Woodland, D. Blowey, S. Ito, M. Spino, G. Koren
483
485 489
A proposed role for nerve growth factor in the etiology of multiple sclerosis R. C, Olson
493
On reciprocal translocations of chromatid segments in cancer cells G. T. Matioli
499
Biological homing: hypothesis for a quantum effect that leads to the existence of life W, J. Meggs
503
Telomerase-independent modulation of telomere lengths in mammalian chromatids G. T. Matioli
507
A constructionist model predicting the emergence, complementarity and classification of the nucleotide bases M. Mussat, M. E. B#gin, J. P. Bureau
511
Subject index
525
Author index
529
Copyright © Harcourt Brace & Co. Ltd 1998 ISSN 0306-9877 _JJ) is a registered trade mark of Harcourt Brace & Co. Ltd. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the Publishers (Churchill Livingstone, Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH1 3AF) or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, WlP 0LP. Printed in the UK by Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow