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Wear resistance of steel surface-impregnated with carbide-forming elements
RECENT RUSSIAN LITERATURE
VOL. 2 (I95W59) hardness
of the bushings
of the boronized
and pins was 1900-2100
layer 0.3-0.4
The hardened
bushings
surface hardness
C 58, and the boronized
the links with alloy steel bushings
The most wear-resistant
standard
bushings
a tractor
the links with boronized
of the tested
of the carbide
with boronized
pinbores
was used for ploughing
quench-hardened
class, although
(LG 13, hardness
pins,
mating
pins for
pins, etc., about 260. bushings
their hardness
were those made
was lower than those
from the other alloy steels. The 22.0 mm diameter
mm diameter
pins mating
with
about 170 Brine11 units) wore more than the 18.5
with bushings
of high hardness,
although
the specific
was less in the first case. The pins in both cases were of almost
pressure in operation identical
and the thickness
as the bushings.
about 416 hours, and in testing
of the bushings
units,
mm.
of Rockwell
of steel KhrzFr
Vickers
of the three alloy steels were run with pins of St 45 with a
of the same surface hardness In testing
319
hardnesses. ?‘ABLE A
Pmborcs and correspondzng of pins
par1s
hronieed pinbLVt3
Stwtdard ptns
0.07 0.05 0.06
0.8.5 0.73
Intermediate End Central
Table
A shows that
resistances.
Evidently
sive particles
0.50
the boronized
bushings
and pins had extremely
when the surface layer was considerably
the latter were crushed and did not scratch
the boronized
ever, it was found there is always a small wear of bushings of scratching
of the boronized
surfaces.
high wear
harder than the abrasurface.
How-
and pins, though no traces
This may well be due to the formation
oxide films on the surfaces and their removal by the mechanical
of
action of the abrasive
during work. Hence of the steels tested KhrzFr of bushings
had the best wear resistance.
of this steel was on the average
links without bushings.
6.6 times greater
The wear of pins mating with bushings of the three alloy steels
was in all cases lower than that of the standard
Wear
Resistance
of Steel Surface-impregnated
G. N. DUBININ (Translated ‘957) 2I--25).* The author studied
pins working in standard
with
from Jletallovedenie
the wear resistance elements,
and manganese.
were gas chromized,
Specimens
* Condensed Price $ 3.50.
from
vanadizing, Henry
vanadium,
and columbizing
Brutcher
Technical
Carbide-forming
steels
columbium,
links.
Elements
i Obrabotka dletallov,
of carbon
with other carbide-forming ed3. Chromizing,
The wear resistance
than that of standard
chromized tungsten,
(No. 9) (Sept. and treated molybdenum
etc., by the method already describwere effected
Translation
No.
at IIOO’C for six hours, 4015;
I table
and
3 figures
tungstenizing and molyl~tlenizing at 1m0’Y for three Imm, tuanganizing at So0 1’ for six hours. These conditions were sclcctccl trt pro&xc carhidrs of tlww ~4crncnts. However, lwcausc of higIl dt~carburizario~~speeds, homogeneous carl-ridrs wtw rw formed on the surfaws of tlw tungstenizetl and molvhtlcnizrd specinicsns, nor on t II<’ manganizetl
ones except
Data on specimens
those containing
chromized
under two sets of conditions
for six hours, and Ko . L: rmo’C a structure
on the surface
the tungstenizcd carbides
of the chromized
The conditions
are given : So. I : IIC)O (’
No. z was used to product
specimens
specimens
compounds
compare the wear resistances after chromizing
for six Itours. Condition
and molybdenized
or intermetallic
I.o.~",,, carbon.
similar
(solid solution
in grain boundaries).
of specimens chromized,
obtained
on
with precipitation
to that
of
This made it possible
tungstenized
adopted produced in all cases, except steels with 0.15--0.25?:, by the No. J condition,
a case of sufficient
vation of the same structurt~ throughout tance was determined
on a. Skoda-Satin
to
and molybdenizcd.
thickness
carbon
to ensure preser-
the whole period of wear tosting.
Wear resis-
machine in 0.5”;, aqueous potassium
chromate
made up with distilled water, at 18°C and a 5 kg load. The test lasted for .looo revolutions of the disc. The control was of steel r HKhGT (nominal o.ltj”;, manganese,
o.r7-o.37’fji,
silicon,
0.70--r .oo’j,,
0.04: :, S and P each, also Ti), carburized ness of 780 Vickers units. The relative cavity
in the control
to that
steels surface-impregnated
cllronlil~nl,
max.
and heat treated
wear resistance
in the investigated
with columbium
carbon, o.50-o.80?,, oqo”,,
in the usual way to a hard-
specimen.
The wear resistances
The variation
in wear resistance
steel, confirming
with the carbon content
resistance
chromized
by conditions
of the untreated
No. 2, tungstenized
bctwecn
surface hardness
cases is presumably
due to the presence
of steel of different
and molybdenized,
carbon steel was by comparison
lack of a correlation
of a chromizetl
previous
considerably
and wear of the treated
of secondary
resultsr.
fits into the general pattern.
It was found that in spite of the high surface hardness contents
of
are about the same, and
more than ten times that of the chromizecl steel. The wear resistance 1.5 times that of a non-chromized
max.
index was the ratio of the wear
and vanadium
steel is about
nickel,
carbon the wear
higher. The steels in these
phases at the grain boundaries
in the solid solution. The wear resistance
of manganized
mized (h’o. z conditions), wear resistance detectable
with carbon
in the individual
having a martensite-like
steel is considerably
tungstenized content
and molybdenizecl generally
constituents
structure
correlates
higher than that of chro-. steels.
of the cases. Technical
(a solid solution)
The
with changes
variation
of
in hardness,
iron (0.03’1:;, carbon)
in its surface,
has a high wear
resistance.
3
l&ion 3633. G. N. T~BININ, Steel Chromising, Metallurgizdat, ,950; Doklady Acud. Xauk S.S.S.H.. 84 (t) (rggz) 269-272, Brutcher translation zgzg; Ibid., (4) 693-6, Brutcher translation 2941: Ibid. (5) 95-8, Brutcher translation rg42; Ibid, (6) I rjg-8, Brutcher translation 2943.
VOL. 2 (I95W59) hardness
of the bushings
of the boronized
and pins was 1900-2100
layer 0.3-0.4
The hardened
bushings
surface hardness
C 58, and the boronized
the links with alloy steel bushings
The most wear-resistant
standard
bushings
a tractor
the links with boronized
of the tested
of the carbide
with boronized
pinbores
was used for ploughing
quench-hardened
class, although
(LG 13, hardness
pins,
mating
pins for
pins, etc., about 260. bushings
their hardness
were those made
was lower than those
from the other alloy steels. The 22.0 mm diameter
mm diameter
pins mating
with
about 170 Brine11 units) wore more than the 18.5
with bushings
of high hardness,
although
the specific
was less in the first case. The pins in both cases were of almost
pressure in operation identical
and the thickness
as the bushings.
about 416 hours, and in testing
of the bushings
units,
mm.
of Rockwell
of steel KhrzFr
Vickers
of the three alloy steels were run with pins of St 45 with a
of the same surface hardness In testing
319
hardnesses. ?‘ABLE A
Pmborcs and correspondzng of pins
par1s
hronieed pinbLVt3
Stwtdard ptns
0.07 0.05 0.06
0.8.5 0.73
Intermediate End Central
Table
A shows that
resistances.
Evidently
sive particles
0.50
the boronized
bushings
and pins had extremely
when the surface layer was considerably
the latter were crushed and did not scratch
the boronized
ever, it was found there is always a small wear of bushings of scratching
of the boronized
surfaces.
high wear
harder than the abrasurface.
How-
and pins, though no traces
This may well be due to the formation
oxide films on the surfaces and their removal by the mechanical
of
action of the abrasive
during work. Hence of the steels tested KhrzFr of bushings
had the best wear resistance.
of this steel was on the average
links without bushings.
6.6 times greater
The wear of pins mating with bushings of the three alloy steels
was in all cases lower than that of the standard
Wear
Resistance
of Steel Surface-impregnated
G. N. DUBININ (Translated ‘957) 2I--25).* The author studied
pins working in standard
with
from Jletallovedenie
the wear resistance elements,
and manganese.
were gas chromized,
Specimens
* Condensed Price $ 3.50.
from
vanadizing, Henry
vanadium,
and columbizing
Brutcher
Technical
Carbide-forming
steels
columbium,
links.
Elements
i Obrabotka dletallov,
of carbon
with other carbide-forming ed3. Chromizing,
The wear resistance
than that of standard
chromized tungsten,
(No. 9) (Sept. and treated molybdenum
etc., by the method already describwere effected
Translation
No.
at IIOO’C for six hours, 4015;
I table
and
3 figures
tungstenizing and molyl~tlenizing at 1m0’Y for three Imm, tuanganizing at So0 1’ for six hours. These conditions were sclcctccl trt pro&xc carhidrs of tlww ~4crncnts. However, lwcausc of higIl dt~carburizario~~speeds, homogeneous carl-ridrs wtw rw formed on the surfaws of tlw tungstenizetl and molvhtlcnizrd specinicsns, nor on t II<’ manganizetl
ones except
Data on specimens
those containing
chromized
under two sets of conditions
for six hours, and Ko . L: rmo’C a structure
on the surface
the tungstenizcd carbides
of the chromized
The conditions
are given : So. I : IIC)O (’
No. z was used to product
specimens
specimens
compounds
compare the wear resistances after chromizing
for six Itours. Condition
and molybdenized
or intermetallic
I.o.~",,, carbon.
similar
(solid solution
in grain boundaries).
of specimens chromized,
obtained
on
with precipitation
to that
of
This made it possible
tungstenized
adopted produced in all cases, except steels with 0.15--0.25?:, by the No. J condition,
a case of sufficient
vation of the same structurt~ throughout tance was determined
on a. Skoda-Satin
to
and molybdenizcd.
thickness
carbon
to ensure preser-
the whole period of wear tosting.
Wear resis-
machine in 0.5”;, aqueous potassium
chromate
made up with distilled water, at 18°C and a 5 kg load. The test lasted for .looo revolutions of the disc. The control was of steel r HKhGT (nominal o.ltj”;, manganese,
o.r7-o.37’fji,
silicon,
0.70--r .oo’j,,
0.04: :, S and P each, also Ti), carburized ness of 780 Vickers units. The relative cavity
in the control
to that
steels surface-impregnated
cllronlil~nl,
max.
and heat treated
wear resistance
in the investigated
with columbium
carbon, o.50-o.80?,, oqo”,,
in the usual way to a hard-
specimen.
The wear resistances
The variation
in wear resistance
steel, confirming
with the carbon content
resistance
chromized
by conditions
of the untreated
No. 2, tungstenized
bctwecn
surface hardness
cases is presumably
due to the presence
of steel of different
and molybdenized,
carbon steel was by comparison
lack of a correlation
of a chromizetl
previous
considerably
and wear of the treated
of secondary
resultsr.
fits into the general pattern.
It was found that in spite of the high surface hardness contents
of
are about the same, and
more than ten times that of the chromizecl steel. The wear resistance 1.5 times that of a non-chromized
max.
index was the ratio of the wear
and vanadium
steel is about
nickel,
carbon the wear
higher. The steels in these
phases at the grain boundaries
in the solid solution. The wear resistance
of manganized
mized (h’o. z conditions), wear resistance detectable
with carbon
in the individual
having a martensite-like
steel is considerably
tungstenized content
and molybdenizecl generally
constituents
structure
correlates
higher than that of chro-. steels.
of the cases. Technical
(a solid solution)
The
with changes
variation
of
in hardness,
iron (0.03’1:;, carbon)
in its surface,
has a high wear
resistance.
3
l&ion 3633. G. N. T~BININ, Steel Chromising, Metallurgizdat, ,950; Doklady Acud. Xauk S.S.S.H.. 84 (t) (rggz) 269-272, Brutcher translation zgzg; Ibid., (4) 693-6, Brutcher translation 2941: Ibid. (5) 95-8, Brutcher translation rg42; Ibid, (6) I rjg-8, Brutcher translation 2943.