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Заметки о “поздних” стихотворениях Бориса Рыжего
Russian Literature LXVII (2010) I www.elsevier.com/locate/ruslit
ɁȺɆȿɌɄɂ Ɉ “ɉɈɁȾɇɂɏ” ɋɌɂɏɈɌȼɈɊȿɇɂəɏ ȻɈɊɂɋȺ ɊɕɀȿȽɈ (NOTES ON THE “LATER” POEMS OF BORIS RYZHII)
ɌɈɆȺɋ ɅȺɇȽȿɊȺɄ
(THOMAS LANGERAK)
Abstract In this article the author examines the role of time in some of Ryzhii’s “later” poems. The past entails a central role for memory, which sometimes leads to an almost nostalgic view of childhood, and an elegiac note in some poems about (lost) love. The author provides a detailed analysis of three poems concerned with this thematics of time, past, but also future. Keywords: Ryzhii
1. Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ” ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɥɟɬ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɬɢɯɢ 1998-2001 ɝɝ. ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ. Ɍɟɦɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ȼɬɨɪɱɟɬɦɟɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɦ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ – ɬɨɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɦɭ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɭ ɜ “ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ” ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ – ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ “ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɟɦ...” (2000 ɝ.) ɷɬɚ ɬɟɦɚ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɨ, ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɡɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɟ:
0304-3479/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ruslit.2010.02.008
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɟɦ ɫɨ ɡɜɨɧɨɱɤɨɦ, ɩɨɞɞɚɬɵɦ ɫɨɫɟɞɨɦ, ɝɪɹɡɧɵɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɬɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛ ɥɢɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɩɨɥɢɧɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɩɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɜɴɟɞɟɦ ɜ ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 345)
ȼ “Ƚɞɟ ɨɛɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ...” (1999 ɝ.) “ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ” ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɶɦ ɢ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɣ: Ƚɞɟ ɨɛɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɬɨ ɞɪɟɛɟɞɟɧɶ. Ⱦɨɠɞɶ ɩɪɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɭɯɚɟɬ ɫɢɪɟɧɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ. ɋɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɣ 10-ɣ, ɜɵɣɬɢ, ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɚɪɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ: ɜɫɟ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɜɧɵɦ-ɞɚɜɧɨ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɟɧɹ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɤɭ, ɬɭɬ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɢ, ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɤɢɧɨ. […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 286)
ȼ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ “Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɲɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɨɣ ɤɟɩɨɱɤɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ...” (2001 ɝ.) Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɦ: Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɲɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɨɣ ɤɟɩɨɱɤɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ, ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ. Ɇɟɠ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɸ ɢ ɜɵɦɵɫɥɨɦ ɫɥɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɥɟɬɟɜɲɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ. ɋɤɚɦɟɣɤɭ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ, ɩɨ ɚɥɥɟɹɦ ɲɚɬɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɫɤɥɟɢɦ. ɍɣɞɟɦ – ɜɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɸɞɚ […] (332)
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ: ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɬɭɞɚ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ. 1 ɇɢɠɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɦɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ: “ə ɬɟɛɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɡɭ ɢɡ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ Lego...” (2000-2001 ɝɝ.), “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɛɪɸɱɤɢ…” ɢ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...” (ɨɛɚ 20002001 ɝɝ.). 2.1. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ. ə ɬɟɛɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɡɭ ɢɡ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ Lego, ɦɵ ɜɨɡɶɦɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɢɡ Lego ɞɜɨɪɟɰ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɞɚ ɱɟɝɨ ɬɚɦ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ. ə ɭɲɟɥ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ – ɦɵ ɩɨɟɞɟɦ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɣ ɤ ɡɨɥɨɬɵɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ. ɂɥɢ ɫɧɢɦɟɦ ɧɚ ɥɟɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɱɭ – ɬɚɦ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ, ɩɪɢɤɢɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɦ. ɋɬɚɧɟɦ ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɥɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɟɝɚ. ɇɭ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɣɞɟɬ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ – ɹ ɩɪɢɲɥɸ ɬɟɛɟ, ɫɵɧ, ɢɡ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ Lego, ɬɵ ɜɨɡɶɦɟɲɶ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɲɶ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ. (327)
ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ, ɫ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɰɚ ɫɵɧɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɡɬɢ ɢɡ ɡɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ Lego. ɇɨ ɫɬ. 3-4 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ: ɩɨɷɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ: ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɝɨɞɵ, ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ. ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢɥɢ ɨ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ. ɋɪ.: ɨ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ: Ⱥ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ – ɜɫɟ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ! (Ɇ. ɘ. Ʌɟɪɦɨɧɬɨɜ, “ɂ ɫɤɭɱɧɨ, ɢ ɝɪɭɫɬɧɨ...”); Ȼɟɝɭɬ ɱɚɫɵ, ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ, / ɂ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɫɨɧ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ. (ɂ. ɋ. ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ, “Ȼɟɝɭɬ ɱɚɫɵ, ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ...”); ɉɭɫɬɶ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ, / ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɹ ɫɦɨɝ ɦɢɧɭɜɲɟɟ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ... (ȼ. ɒɟɮɧɟɪ, “ɉɭɬɶ ɤɚɩɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɭ ɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɝɧɹ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ”). Ɉ ɩɨɬɟɪe ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ / ɥɸɛɢɦɨɝɨ: ə ɪɚɧɨ ɫɨɪɜɚɥ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɰɜɟɬ, / ȼɫe ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ, ɜɫe ɨɬɞɚɥ ɏɥɨɟ, – / ɂ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ / ɇɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬ ɧɢɱɬɨ ɡɟɦɧɨɟ! (Ⱥ. ɂ. ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜ, “Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɯ ɨɱɟɣ...”);
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ Ɂɚ ɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɰɟɥɭɣ, ɡɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ, / Ɂɚ ɛɥɟɫɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɥɢɜɵɯ ɨɱɟɣ, / Ɂɚ ɠɚɪ ɥɸɛɜɢ, ɡɚ ɡɜɭɤ ɪɟɱɟɣ / ə ɛ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɩɨɧɟɫ ɧɚ ɫɟɱɭ. // ɇɨ ɧɟɬ, ɜɨɜɟɤ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ, / ɑɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɚɤ ɞɭɲɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɦɨ! (Ⱥ. ȼ. Ʉɨɥɶɰɨɜ, “ɍɬɪɚɬɢɜ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ...”); ɍ ɦɟɧɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɢ / Ɋɚɡɪɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɝɪɭɞɶ... / ȿɫɥɢ ɛ, ɞɪɭɝ ɦɨɣ, ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɜɨɥɟ / ɗɬɭ ɧɨɱɶ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ! (ɂ. Ȼɭɧɢɧ, “Ɍɢɯɨɣ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜɵɲɟɥ...”); ɇɚ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ, / ɂ ɞɚɠɟ ɷɬɚ ɧɨɱɶ / ɉɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɭɜɨɞɢɬ / Ɍɟɛɹ ɢɡ ɫɚɞɚ ɩɪɨɱɶ. / ɂ ɪɚɡɜɟ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ / ȼɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɡɚɪɸ? (Ⱥ. Ɍɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, “Ɇɧɟ ɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɫɧɢɬɫɹ...”) (ɜɟɡɞɟ ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
ɋɬ. 5-9 ɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɷɬɚ: ɨɧ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɫɟɛɟ, ɨɧ ɭɲɟɥ, ɧɨ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɝɨɞɵ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɷɬɚ ɦɟɱɬɚ, ɦɵ ɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɬ. 6-9: ɨɬɟɰ ɢ ɫɵɧ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɚɱɟ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɬɪɭɞɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɝɟɪɨɢ, “ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ”, ɧɨ “ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɥɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ”. ɇɨ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɩɨɷɬ ɨɩɨɦɧɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹ – ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɦɟɱɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɛɵɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɧ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ, ɜ ɝɪɭɛɭɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɨɛɟɳɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɚɬɶ Lego, ɚ ɫɵɧ ɫɚɦ, ɛɟɡ ɨɬɰɚ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ. 2.2. Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɮɢɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɢɮɦɵ ɞɟɥɹɬ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ. ɏɨɬɹ ɨɧɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ; ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ – ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɟɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ ɢɧɨɟ; ɜ ɫɬ. 5 ɩɨɷɬ ɨɛɟɳɚɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ “ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ”, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ. Ɉɧ “ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬ ɫɟɛɹ” ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɟɪɧɟɬ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɫɜɨɸ. Ɉɬɴɟɡɞ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ “ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦ” ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ. ɋɬ. 6-8 ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɚɦ ɩɨɟɯɚɬɶ ɤ “ɡɨɥɨɬɵɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ” 2 ɢɥɢ ɧɚ “ɨɛɵɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɱɭ”. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (ɫɬ. 1-2), ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ (5-6), ɬɨ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬ. 9 ɢ ɫɬ. 10 ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɧɟɬ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɬ. 9 ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ – ɦɟɱɬɭ ɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɫɵɧɚ – ɦɵɫɥɶ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ. ȼ ɫɬ. 11-12 ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚ: ɞɜɨ-
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɪɟɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɤ ɫɵɧɭ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɱɭ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɭɤɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɫɵɧɚ. 2.3. Ɇɟɬɪɢɤɚ, ɪɢɮɦɚ ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ 2005; ɀɨɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ 2005; Purin 2005: 45). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɫɩɟɪɜɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɪɢɬɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɨɧɢɤɭ. ȼ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɰɟɡɭɪɵ (ɡɧɚɤɨɦ |), ɪɢɮɦɵ. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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ɪɢɮɦɚ A b A b C d C d E f E f
ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɬɨɩɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɩɟɫɬɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɵ ɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɢɮɦɨɣ ɀɆɀɆ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɫɬ. 3-5 ɢ 10-11. ɇɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɬ. 3 ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɫɯɟɦɧɵɦ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ. ɋɬ. 4 ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɧɠɚɦɛɦɚɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬ. 3 ɢ ɫɬ. 4 ɫɥɨɜɨ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɡɚ – “ɞɚ ɱɟɝɨ ɬɚɦ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ” – ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɜɟɫɨɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɱɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɢɬɦ ɫɬ. 3 ɢ 5 – ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɡɭɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ – ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. ȼ ɫɬ. 3, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɷɬ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ “ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ”, ɜ ɫɬ. 5 ɨɧ ɨɛɟɳɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ: ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦ ɩɨɷɬ. ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ
ɫɞɜɢɝ ɜ ɫɬ. 10 ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ, ɫ ɬɨɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɫɵɧɚ, ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɬ. 1-2, ɜ ɫɬ. 11-12 ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ. Ƚɪɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɨɜɤɚ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ: ɫɬ. 11-12 ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɬ. 1-2 ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ ɜ ɫɬ. 11. ɗɬɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ, ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɡɭɪɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɨ “ɫɵɧ”, ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ. 2.4. Ɏɨɧɢɤɚ Ɋɚɡɛɢɪɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ, ɦɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɦɢɦɨ ɟɝɨ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɭɪɵ. ɂɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɵ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ. Ʉɟɣɫ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ ɜɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɤ ɧɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɭ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ”, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɭ: ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ” ɜ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ. Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ “ɨ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɦɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɢ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɨɬɰɚ. ɇɨ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɭɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ “ɧɟ-ɝɨ” ɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɨɞ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɦ. Ʌɢɱɧɨ ɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɚɤɤɨɪɞ. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ, ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ” ɜɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɞɟɢ ɫ ɟɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ, ɬɨ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɟ ɷɯɨ: “ɨ-ɨ”. (ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ 2005)
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ” – ɩɨɞ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥɚ ɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɨɣ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɞ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɦ (Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜ, ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɚ 2004: 226-231). Ɇɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɵ ɜɵɜɟɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɹ Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜɭ ɢ ɋɤɭɥaɱɟɜɨɣ, ɦɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɂ ɢ ɕ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɧɟɦɨɣ, “ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɢɯɚ, ɜ ɪɢɮɦɟ
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɨɧɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵ: “‘ɛɕɬɶ – ɯɨɞɂɬɶ’ – ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɢɮɦɚ” (Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜ, ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɚ 2004: 227). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: 1. 2. 3. 4.
ȿɍȺȿ ɈɈȿȿ Ɉ Ɉɍɂȿ ɈɈɈȿ
5. 6. 7. 8.
ɈȺɍȺ ȿɈɕȺ ɂȿɕȺ ɈɂȺȺ
9. 10. 11. 12.
ɫɭɦɦɚ: Ⱥ-1, ȿ-6, ɂ-1, Ɉ-7, ɍ-2 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ: Ⱥ-5,88, ȿ-29,4, ɂ-5,88, Ɉ-41,17, ɍ-11,76 ɫɭɦɦɚ: Ⱥ-6, ȿ-2, ɂ-4, Ɉ-3, ɍ-1 ɩɪɨɰɟɧ: Ⱥ-37,5, ȿ-12,5, ɂ-25,0, Ɉ-18,75, ɍ-6,25
Ⱥ ɕɂȺȿ ɍ ȿɕȺɈ ɍɕȺȿ ɈɈȿɈ
ɫɭɦɦa: Ⱥ-4, ȿ-4, ɂ-4, Ɉ-4, ɍ-2 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ: Ⱥ-22,22, ȿ-22,22, ɂ-22,22, Ɉ-22,22, ɍ-11,1
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ:
Ⱥ-11, ȿ-12, ɂ-9, Ɉ-14, ɍ-5 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ: Ⱥ-21,57, ȿ-23,53, ɂ-17,65, Ɉ-27,45, ɍ-9,8
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ: Ⱥ I 1 II 4 III 2,2 ɜɫɟ 2
ȿ 3 1 2,2 2
ɂ 1 2 2,2 2
Ɉ 4 2 2,2 3
ɍ 1 1 1,1 1
ɧɨɪɦɚ 3
2
2
2
1
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ? ȼɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ. ɇɨ ɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȿ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ (1,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ). Ⱦɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ Ɉ – ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ – ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ – ɜ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɢ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ Ⱥ, ȿ, ɂ ɢ Ɉ ɡɜɭɱɚɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ, ɍ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹɯ, ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɨɣ. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɯɨɝɨ, ɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ Ɉ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɡɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ
ȼɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥɚ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɨ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɜ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɟɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ Ɉ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ”, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɷɯɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬ. 4 ɢ 12 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ – ɫɬ. 4 Ɉ-Ɉ-Ɉ-ȿ, ɫɬ. 12 Ɉ-Ɉ-ȿ-Ɉ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɹɯ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɢɬɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɬ. 2 – ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ – ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɇɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣ ɛɪɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ: ɧɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɢɡ Lego ɞɜɨɪɟɰ, ɚ ɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɲɶ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ. Ɋɚɡɥɭɤɚ ɨɬɰɚ ɫ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ. 3.1. ɗɥɹ ɋɬɢɯɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɗɥɹ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ. “ɗɥɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɰɟɣ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɲɥɚ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ 8-ɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ (ɥɟɬɨ 1994 ɝ.)” (Ʉɚɡɚɪɢɧ 2004: 581). ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ ɗɥɟ’ (1994 ɝ.) ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ. Ɍɚɦ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɚɧɝɟɥɚ ɢ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ: Ʉɚɤ-ɬɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ, Ɉɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɲɟɥ ɦɨɪɨɡ ɩɨ ɤɨɠɟ, ɇɚɲɢ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ – Ɍɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɚ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ. […] ȼ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɛɥɭɡɤɟ, ɫ ɥɢɱɢɤɨɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɋɥɭɲɚɥɚ ɬɵ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. ɇɢɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɥ, ɞɭɦɚɥ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ – Ɇɢɥɵɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɛɟ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ? Ɇɢɝ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ, ɥɸɛɭɹɫɶ ɛɚɲɦɚɤɚɦɢ, Ɇɨɝ ɥɢ ɜɟɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɦɨɢɦɢ ɒɤɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɧɢɦɢ ɝɥɚɡɚɦɢ Ȼɨɝ – ɜ ɬɜɨɢ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ. […] Ɍɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɚ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ – Ʉɚɤ ɬɵ ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ. ɗɥɹ! – ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɸ ɹ – ɨ ɛɨɠɟ! ȼ ɩɨɬɨɥɨɤ ɫɦɨɬɪɸ ɢ ɩɥɚɱɭ, ɗɥɹ. (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2004: 15-16, ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɗɥɹ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ 1997 ɝɨɞɚ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɵɦ ɹɦɛɨɦ, ‘Ʉɭɫɨɤ ɷɥɟɝɢɢ’. Ɍɟɦɵ: ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶ, ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚ. ɗɥɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ; ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ɞɜɟ “ɬɵ”. ɗɥɹ – ɚɧɝɟɥ, ɟɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ – ɨɛɥɚɤɨ, ɰɜɟɬɵ. […] ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɹ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɫɶ ɬɭɬ, ə ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɫɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ɂ ɬɵ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ – ɞɚɣ ɪɭɤɭ ɦɧɟ – ɢ ɬɵ Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɹ ɛɨɸɫɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ Ƚɥɚɡɚ, ɭɥɵɛɤɭ, ɨɛɥɚɤɨ, ɰɜɟɬɵ. ȼɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɥ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɧɚɜɢɞɟɬɶ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɶ ɦɟɧɹ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɢ. ə ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɭ ɬɟɛɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɝɪɟɸɫɶ, Ʉɚɤ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɞɨɦ – ɧɟ ɚɧɝɟɥɵ – ɜɪɚɱɢ ɂ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɦɨɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ɍɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ – ɟɫɥɢ ɛ ɦɢɪ ɫɝɨɪɟɥ ɋɨ ɦɧɨɸ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɣ – ɬɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ. Ⱥ ɬɨɬ, ɤɨɝɨ ɥɸɛɢɥ, ɤɚɤ ɚɧɝɟɥ ɛɟɥ, Ɂɚɤɪɵɜ ɥɢɰɨ, ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ. […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 150, ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
ɑɟɪɟɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ ɩɨɷɬ ɫ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɵɞɚ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɸ ɗɥɟ’ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ “ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ...” (1998 ɝ.); ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɹɬ ɷɩɢɝɪɚɮ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦɭ (2000-2001) ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...”. Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɚ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜeɪɬɵɯ, ɞɚɠɟ ɠɢɜɵɯ-ɬɨ, ɱeɪɬ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ. Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ, ɜɨɜɫɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɥɨ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɪɨɲɭ ɭɫɬɚɥɨ: ɗɥɹ, ɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɵ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ? […] Ɉɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɜ “ɍɪɚɥɟ” ɪɢɮɦɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɸɞɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɤɚɥɢ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɥɢ. Ɉɛɴɹɜɢɥ, ɩɭɫɬɨɦɟɥɹ: ɜɨɬ, ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɗɥɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ. ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ, ɝɨɪɟ ɦɨɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢ ɠɟ
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ ɡɚ ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɢɪɲɢ, ɩɪɢɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɞɨɥɟɸ ɮɚɥɶɲɢ. […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2006: 181-182, ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
3.2. “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ...” ȼ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɜɚ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɗɥɢ. ȼ ɧɢɯ ɨɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ, ɪɚɧɨ ɭɦɟɪɲɚɹ, ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ, ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɲɟɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ. Ʉ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɫ ɧɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɳɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ: Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ – ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ-ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɰɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɩɨ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɢɞɭ, ɰɟɥɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɯɨɞɭ. Ƚɪɟɦɹɬ ɄɚɦȺɁɵ, ɢ ɞɵɦɹɬ ɡɚɜɨɞɵ. Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɋɬɢɤɫ ɤɨɥɵɲɟɬ ɧɟɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ. Ⱥɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɭɬ. Ʉɨɪɚɛɥɢɤɢ ɩɥɵɜɭɬ. ə ɪɚɡɞɚɸ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɢɦ ɫɢɝɚɪɟɬɵ ɢ ɭɥɵɛɚɸɫɶ, ɢ ɞɚɸ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ, ɢ ɩɪɢɤɭɪɢɬɶ ɞɚɸ. ɍ ɛɟɡɞɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɜɨɣ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɛɚɧɬ ɩɥɵɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɟɦ ɮɨɧɟ. ɂ ɫɭɲɚɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɨɧɟ ɬɨ ɦɚɣɤɚ, ɬɨ ɩɚɥɶɬɨ, ɬɨ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ. ɉɚɩɚɲɚ ɬɜɨɣ ɡɨɜɟɬ ɬɟɛɹ, ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ, ɝɪɨɡɢɬ ɬɟɛɟ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɬɫɹ, ɫɭɤɚ, ɟɛɚɧɵɣ ɩɢɞɚɪɚɫ, ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɜ ɧɚɫ. ɉɪɨɫɬɢ-ɩɪɨɳɚɣ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭɞɚɪɹɬ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɛɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɞɨɯɧɟɬ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɡɭɛɵ ɡɚ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɨɢɦ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɞɵɦ,
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɩɨɞɤɪɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɧɵ, ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɦɨɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɦɢ, ɞɵɯɚɧɶɟ ɡɚɬɚɹ, ɫɩɪɨɫɢ ɦɟɧɹ: ɤɬɨ ɹ? ɂ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ, ɢ ɝɪɹɧɭɬ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɧɟɝ ɦɨɢ ɡɚɫɵɩɥɟɬ ɝɭɛɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɵ. – Ɇɨɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ, ɷɬɨ ɬɵ. (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 336-337)
ȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚɦɢ: ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɨɰɟɥɭɢ, ɰɜɟɬɭɳɢɟ ɚɤɚɰɢɢ, ɭɥɵɛɤɢ – ɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɬɰɨɦ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ȼ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɹɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ: “ɫɦɟɪɬɶɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɰɚ”, “Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɋɬɢɤɫ”, ɛɟɡɞɧɚ, ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɢɦɚɹ. “Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɛɚɧɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɟɦ ɮɨɧɟ” ɨɬɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ “ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜeɪɬɵɯ...” ɢ ɤ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...”. ȼ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ: ɩɨɷɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ, ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɫɜɟɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ: ɨɬɟɰ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɶɹɜɨɥɚ, ɢɡɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ “ɡɟɥɟɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɞɵɦ”, ɚ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɟ, ɭɡɧɚɜ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɜɨɫɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. 3.3. “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...” ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ 3 ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɗɥɟ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ: ɞɜɚ “ɬɵ” ɢ ɪɭɤɨɩɨɠɚɬɢɹ, ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɬɪɭɛ, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ, ɰɜɟɬɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ. ɉɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɸɠɟɬɚɯ, ɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɗɥɹ, ɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɵ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ?
ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ, ɹ – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɪɢɮɦɭɹɫɶ ɫ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɦ, ɜ ɬɟɛɹ ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɜ ɬɜɨɸ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɭ, ɞɚɜɚɣ-ɤɚ ɪɭɤɭ. ɇɟ ɬɵ, ɚ ɬɵ, ɚ ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ – ɬɵ ɛɭɞɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɚ ɬɵ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɦɟɧɹɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɦɟɥɨ, ɧɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɥɨ.
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ Ⱥ ɞɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ-ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɧɧɢɦ ɧɚɫ ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ, ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ. ɂ ɞɚɠɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ, ɬɚɤ, ɜ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɭɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɩɨɲɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. Ⱥ ɧɭ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɥɟɬɟɥɢ, ɝɞɟ, ɩɨɥɵɯɚɹ, ɤɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɥɟɬɟɥɢ, ɬɭɞɚ, ɝɞɟ ɞɨ ɬɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ, ɗɥɹ, ɟɳe ɧɟɞɟɥɹ. ȿɳɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɨɹ, ɢ ɬɵ ɭɣɞɟɲɶ, ɜɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɦ, ɜ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ, ɧɟ ɬɵ, ɚ ɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɤɭɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɭɛɨɸ, ɩɨɣɞɟɲɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɸ ɦɢɦɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɪɟɲɟɬɨɤ, ɜ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɦ, ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɬɨɧɟ ɞɟɪɡɤɨɦ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɨɤɨɦ ɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɲɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ, ɹ – ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ. (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 317-318)
ɋɩɟɪɜɚ ɨɩɢɲɟɦ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɮɚɦ: ɋɬɪɨɮɚ I ɋɬɪɨɮɚ II ɋɬɪɨɮɚ III ɋɬɪɨɮɚ IV ɋɬɪɨɮɚ V ɋɬɪɨɮɚ VI ɋɬɪɨɮɚ VII
ɉɨɷɬ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɥɸɛɢɦɭɸ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɟɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɟɳɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɷɬ ɛɵɥ ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤ ɢ ɫɬɨɹɥ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ: ɨɞɧɚ “ɬɵ” ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɱɧɨ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɨɧ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ. ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɰɟɧɚ: ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɟɫɟɥɭɸ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ, ɚ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ. ɉɨɷɬ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɵɲɢɬ ɢɯ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɟ, ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. Ɇɵ ɭɡɧɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ: ɗɥɹ ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. ɋɦɟɪɬɶ ɗɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨɟ: ɭɯɨɞ ɜ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ, ɨɞɟɬɨɣ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɟ. ɉɨɷɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ “ɬɵ”. Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɩɨɷɬ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ “ɬɵ” (ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ ɗɥɢ?) ɩɨɣɞɭɬ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, “ɦɢɦɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɪɟɲɟɬɨɤ”, ɨɧɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɛɭɥɵ ɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ: ɮɚɛɭɥɚ 1. ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ 2. ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ ɗɥɢ 3. ɤɨɧɱɢɧɚ ɗɥɢ 4. ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 5. ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɢɥɵ ɗɥɢ 6. ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɫɸɠɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɮɚ + ɫɬɪɨɤɚ 6. ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ I, 1 1. ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ I, II 4. ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ III, IV 2. ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ ɗɥɢ V, VI, 1 3. ɤɨɧɱɢɧɚ ɗɥɢ VI, 2 5. ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɢɥɵ ɗɥɢ VI, 3-4, VII
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɸɠɟɬ, ɷɬɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ: ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, ɨɩɹɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ? ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɮɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɤɥɸɱ: ɩɨɷɬ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɫɥɵɲɢɬ, ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ, ɩɨɯɨɠɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɰɟɧɭ ɢɡ ɧɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ. ɇɨ ɡɜɭɤ ɛɵɥ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɷɬ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ. Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ, ɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯ, ɦɵ ɯɨɞɢɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɯ “ɤɪɭɝɨɜ” ɦɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ, ɧɟɛɚ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ. ɋɬɪɨɮɚ VI ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ: ɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɮɚɯ ɞɜɟ “ɬɵ”. Ⱦɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɨɷɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ: ɫɩɟɪɜɚ ɨɧ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɗɥɸ, ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɭ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ ɨɧ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ “ɬɵ”: ɨɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɧɨ ɨɧ ɟɟ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɟɬ, ɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɟɳɟ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ: “ɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɲɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ / ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ, ɹ – ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ.” 3.4. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɭɦɟɪɲɟɣ ɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ. ȼ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɢ ɗɥɟ’ ɢ “ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜeɪɬɵɯ…” ɗɥɹ ɥɢɲɶ – ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ, ɨ ɝɪɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɫɨɱɢɧɢɥ ɫɬɢɯɢ. ȼ ‘Ʉɭɫɤɟ ɷɥɟɝɢɢ’ ɗɥɹ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ; ɢɦɹ ɟɟ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ Ɋɵɠɢɣ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɹɦɛɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɢɮɦɵ, ɜɡɹɥ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɷɥɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɧ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɪ ɞɥɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɥ ɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɷɥɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ “ɗɥɟɝɢɹ” ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɵɦ ɹɦɛɨɦ. 4 Ⱦɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɵɣ ɹɦɛ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ. Ɏɨɪɦɨɣ
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ
ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ...” ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ə5533, ɫ ɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɨɣ ȺȺɛɛ, ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...” – ə5552, ɫ ɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɨɣ ȺȺȻȻ. ɋɬɢɯɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ: ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤe. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɬɦɟ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...”. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɫ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɪɨɮ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɭɸ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɭɸ ɩɚɭɡɭ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɧɟ ɨɳɭɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɥ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ: ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɫɬɪɨɮɵ I ɢ II), ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɫɬɪɨɮɵ IV ɢ V), ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ (ɫɬɪɨɮɵ I ɢ II, II ɢ III, V ɢ VI). ɋɬɪɨɮɵ VI ɢ VII ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɠɚɦɛɦɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɭɸ ɩɚɭɡɭ. ɋɦɟɧɚ ɪɢɬɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞɲɟɟ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ; ɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɲɥɚ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɚ ɨɧ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɢɮɦɚɯ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɜɫɟ ɪɢɮɦɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ⱥ, ɧɨ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɢɮɦɚɦɢ “ɧɚɱɚɥɟ – ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ” ɢ “ɩɟɱɚɥɢ – ɢɝɪɚɥɢ”, ɫɥɵɲɚɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɪɢɮɦɵ “ɧɚɱɚɥɟ – ɩɟɱɚɥɢ” ɢ “ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ – ɢɝɪɚɥɢ”. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ Ⱥ ɜ ɪɢɮɦɚɯ, ɷɬɨɬ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɟɳɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ. Ɉɛɢɥɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ Ⱥ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɩɨɷɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɣ: “ ɂ ɞȺɠɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞȺɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɝɪȺɥɢ, / ɬȺɤ, ɜ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɭɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤȺɥɢ.” ȼ ɩɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ – ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɗɥɢ – ɫ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɣ; ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɢɮɦɚɯ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȿ + ɦɹɝɤɢɣ Ʌ. ɍɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȿ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ ɞɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ, ɟɳɟ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ ɗɥɟɣ: ɧɟɞȿɥɹ (ɪɢɮɦɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ “ɗɥɹ”), ɫɜȿɬɚ ɢ ɛȿɥɨɦ. ɉɨɬɨɦ ȿ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ – ɟɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɞȿɪɡɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ VII. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ “ɬɵ”, ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ; ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ 10 ɪɚɡ! Ɍɚɤ Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɲɟɞɟɜɪ ɨ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɦɢɧɨɪɧɵɦ ɚɤɤɨɪɞɨɦ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɫɦ.: ɀɨɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ (2005). “Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ” – ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɟ ɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰ ɢ ɩɚɧɫɢɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ Ʉɪɵɦɭ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ (2006) “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ…” ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ…”, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ (2003, 2004) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ. 1997 ɝɨɞɨɦ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ’ (“…ɇɚɦ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɧɨɥɶ ɜɨɫɶɦɭɸ ɚɥɤɚɲɢ…”; 2003: 109-110), ‘Ʉɭɫɨɤ ɷɥɟɝɢɢ’ (“Ⱦɚɣ ɪɭɤɭ ɦɧɟ – ɦɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ-ɬɪɢ…”; 2003: 150) ɢ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ’ (“Ȼɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɹ ɩɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥ ɬɟɛɹ…”; 2003: 162); 2000-2001 ɝɝ. ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ’ (“Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɸ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɞɨɠɞɢɧɤɭ…”; 2003: 312).
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ, Ʉɟɣɫ 2005 ‘Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ: ȼɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɭ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ “Ɉɛɥɚɤɚ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ ȿ”’. Ɂɧɚɦɹ, 1 (http://magazines.russ.ru/znamia/2005/1/ve7-pr.html). Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜ, Ɇ. Ʌ., ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. 2004 ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɫɬɢɯɚ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. ɀɨɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ 2005 ‘Ɉɛ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ “ɋɬɢɯɚɯ ɭɤɥɨɧɢɫɬɚ Ȼ. Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ”’. Ɂɜɟɡɞɚ, 1 (http://magazines.russ.ru/zvezda/2005/12/zh13-pr.html). Ʉɚɡɚɪɢɧ, ɘɪɢɣ 2004 ‘ɉɨɷɬ Ȼɨɪɢɫ Ɋɵɠɢɣ: ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɚɫɚ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ’. ȼ: Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2004: 521-814. Ɋɵɠɢɣ, Ȼɨɪɢɫ 2003 ɋɬɢɯɢ 1993-2001. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ. 2004 Ɉɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ. 2006 Ɍɢɩɚ ɩɟɫɧɹ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. Purin, Aleksei 2005 ‘Music Alone: On the Poetry of Boris Ryzhy’. World Literature Today, January-April, 43-46.
ɁȺɆȿɌɄɂ Ɉ “ɉɈɁȾɇɂɏ” ɋɌɂɏɈɌȼɈɊȿɇɂəɏ ȻɈɊɂɋȺ ɊɕɀȿȽɈ (NOTES ON THE “LATER” POEMS OF BORIS RYZHII)
ɌɈɆȺɋ ɅȺɇȽȿɊȺɄ
(THOMAS LANGERAK)
Abstract In this article the author examines the role of time in some of Ryzhii’s “later” poems. The past entails a central role for memory, which sometimes leads to an almost nostalgic view of childhood, and an elegiac note in some poems about (lost) love. The author provides a detailed analysis of three poems concerned with this thematics of time, past, but also future. Keywords: Ryzhii
1. Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ” ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɥɟɬ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɬɢɯɢ 1998-2001 ɝɝ. ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ. Ɍɟɦɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ȼɬɨɪɱɟɬɦɟɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɦ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ – ɬɨɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɦɭ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɭ ɜ “ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ” ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ – ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ “ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɟɦ...” (2000 ɝ.) ɷɬɚ ɬɟɦɚ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɨ, ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɡɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɟ:
0304-3479/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ruslit.2010.02.008
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɟɦ ɫɨ ɡɜɨɧɨɱɤɨɦ, ɩɨɞɞɚɬɵɦ ɫɨɫɟɞɨɦ, ɝɪɹɡɧɵɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɬɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛ ɥɢɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɩɨɥɢɧɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɩɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɜɴɟɞɟɦ ɜ ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 345)
ȼ “Ƚɞɟ ɨɛɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ...” (1999 ɝ.) “ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ” ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɶɦ ɢ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɣ: Ƚɞɟ ɨɛɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɬɨ ɞɪɟɛɟɞɟɧɶ. Ⱦɨɠɞɶ ɩɪɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɭɯɚɟɬ ɫɢɪɟɧɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ. ɋɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɣ 10-ɣ, ɜɵɣɬɢ, ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɚɪɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ: ɜɫɟ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɜɧɵɦ-ɞɚɜɧɨ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɟɧɹ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɤɭ, ɬɭɬ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɢ, ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɤɢɧɨ. […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 286)
ȼ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ “Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɲɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɨɣ ɤɟɩɨɱɤɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ...” (2001 ɝ.) Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɦ: Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɲɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɨɣ ɤɟɩɨɱɤɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ, ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ. Ɇɟɠ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɸ ɢ ɜɵɦɵɫɥɨɦ ɫɥɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɥɟɬɟɜɲɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ. ɋɤɚɦɟɣɤɭ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ, ɩɨ ɚɥɥɟɹɦ ɲɚɬɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɫɤɥɟɢɦ. ɍɣɞɟɦ – ɜɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɸɞɚ […] (332)
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ: ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɬɭɞɚ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ. 1 ɇɢɠɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɦɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ: “ə ɬɟɛɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɡɭ ɢɡ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ Lego...” (2000-2001 ɝɝ.), “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɛɪɸɱɤɢ…” ɢ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...” (ɨɛɚ 20002001 ɝɝ.). 2.1. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ. ə ɬɟɛɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɡɭ ɢɡ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ Lego, ɦɵ ɜɨɡɶɦɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɢɡ Lego ɞɜɨɪɟɰ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɞɚ ɱɟɝɨ ɬɚɦ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ. ə ɭɲɟɥ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ – ɦɵ ɩɨɟɞɟɦ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɣ ɤ ɡɨɥɨɬɵɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ. ɂɥɢ ɫɧɢɦɟɦ ɧɚ ɥɟɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɱɭ – ɬɚɦ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ, ɩɪɢɤɢɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɦ. ɋɬɚɧɟɦ ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɥɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɟɝɚ. ɇɭ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɣɞɟɬ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ – ɹ ɩɪɢɲɥɸ ɬɟɛɟ, ɫɵɧ, ɢɡ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ Lego, ɬɵ ɜɨɡɶɦɟɲɶ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɲɶ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ. (327)
ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ, ɫ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɰɚ ɫɵɧɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɡɬɢ ɢɡ ɡɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ Lego. ɇɨ ɫɬ. 3-4 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ: ɩɨɷɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ: ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɝɨɞɵ, ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ. ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢɥɢ ɨ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ. ɋɪ.: ɨ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ: Ⱥ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ – ɜɫɟ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ! (Ɇ. ɘ. Ʌɟɪɦɨɧɬɨɜ, “ɂ ɫɤɭɱɧɨ, ɢ ɝɪɭɫɬɧɨ...”); Ȼɟɝɭɬ ɱɚɫɵ, ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ, / ɂ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɫɨɧ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ. (ɂ. ɋ. ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ, “Ȼɟɝɭɬ ɱɚɫɵ, ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ...”); ɉɭɫɬɶ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ, / ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɹ ɫɦɨɝ ɦɢɧɭɜɲɟɟ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ... (ȼ. ɒɟɮɧɟɪ, “ɉɭɬɶ ɤɚɩɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɭ ɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɝɧɹ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ”). Ɉ ɩɨɬɟɪe ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ / ɥɸɛɢɦɨɝɨ: ə ɪɚɧɨ ɫɨɪɜɚɥ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɰɜɟɬ, / ȼɫe ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ, ɜɫe ɨɬɞɚɥ ɏɥɨɟ, – / ɂ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ / ɇɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬ ɧɢɱɬɨ ɡɟɦɧɨɟ! (Ⱥ. ɂ. ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜ, “Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɯ ɨɱɟɣ...”);
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ Ɂɚ ɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɰɟɥɭɣ, ɡɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ, / Ɂɚ ɛɥɟɫɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɥɢɜɵɯ ɨɱɟɣ, / Ɂɚ ɠɚɪ ɥɸɛɜɢ, ɡɚ ɡɜɭɤ ɪɟɱɟɣ / ə ɛ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɩɨɧɟɫ ɧɚ ɫɟɱɭ. // ɇɨ ɧɟɬ, ɜɨɜɟɤ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ, / ɑɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɚɤ ɞɭɲɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɦɨ! (Ⱥ. ȼ. Ʉɨɥɶɰɨɜ, “ɍɬɪɚɬɢɜ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ...”); ɍ ɦɟɧɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɢ / Ɋɚɡɪɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɝɪɭɞɶ... / ȿɫɥɢ ɛ, ɞɪɭɝ ɦɨɣ, ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɜɨɥɟ / ɗɬɭ ɧɨɱɶ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ! (ɂ. Ȼɭɧɢɧ, “Ɍɢɯɨɣ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜɵɲɟɥ...”); ɇɚ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ, / ɂ ɞɚɠɟ ɷɬɚ ɧɨɱɶ / ɉɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɭɜɨɞɢɬ / Ɍɟɛɹ ɢɡ ɫɚɞɚ ɩɪɨɱɶ. / ɂ ɪɚɡɜɟ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ / ȼɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɡɚɪɸ? (Ⱥ. Ɍɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, “Ɇɧɟ ɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɫɧɢɬɫɹ...”) (ɜɟɡɞɟ ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
ɋɬ. 5-9 ɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɷɬɚ: ɨɧ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɫɟɛɟ, ɨɧ ɭɲɟɥ, ɧɨ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɝɨɞɵ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɷɬɚ ɦɟɱɬɚ, ɦɵ ɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɬ. 6-9: ɨɬɟɰ ɢ ɫɵɧ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɚɱɟ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɬɪɭɞɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɝɟɪɨɢ, “ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ”, ɧɨ “ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɥɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ”. ɇɨ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɩɨɷɬ ɨɩɨɦɧɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹ – ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɦɟɱɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɛɵɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɧ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ, ɜ ɝɪɭɛɭɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɨɛɟɳɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɚɬɶ Lego, ɚ ɫɵɧ ɫɚɦ, ɛɟɡ ɨɬɰɚ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ. 2.2. Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɮɢɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɢɮɦɵ ɞɟɥɹɬ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ. ɏɨɬɹ ɨɧɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ; ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ – ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɟɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ ɢɧɨɟ; ɜ ɫɬ. 5 ɩɨɷɬ ɨɛɟɳɚɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ “ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ”, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ. Ɉɧ “ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬ ɫɟɛɹ” ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɟɪɧɟɬ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɫɜɨɸ. Ɉɬɴɟɡɞ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ “ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦ” ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ. ɋɬ. 6-8 ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɚɦ ɩɨɟɯɚɬɶ ɤ “ɡɨɥɨɬɵɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ” 2 ɢɥɢ ɧɚ “ɨɛɵɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɱɭ”. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (ɫɬ. 1-2), ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ (5-6), ɬɨ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬ. 9 ɢ ɫɬ. 10 ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɧɟɬ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɬ. 9 ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ – ɦɟɱɬɭ ɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɫɵɧɚ – ɦɵɫɥɶ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ. ȼ ɫɬ. 11-12 ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚ: ɞɜɨ-
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɪɟɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɤ ɫɵɧɭ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɱɭ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɭɤɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɫɵɧɚ. 2.3. Ɇɟɬɪɢɤɚ, ɪɢɮɦɚ ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ 2005; ɀɨɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ 2005; Purin 2005: 45). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɫɩɟɪɜɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɪɢɬɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɨɧɢɤɭ. ȼ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɰɟɡɭɪɵ (ɡɧɚɤɨɦ |), ɪɢɮɦɵ. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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ɪɢɮɦɚ A b A b C d C d E f E f
ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɬɨɩɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɩɟɫɬɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɵ ɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɢɮɦɨɣ ɀɆɀɆ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɫɬ. 3-5 ɢ 10-11. ɇɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɬ. 3 ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɫɯɟɦɧɵɦ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ. ɋɬ. 4 ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɧɠɚɦɛɦɚɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬ. 3 ɢ ɫɬ. 4 ɫɥɨɜɨ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɡɚ – “ɞɚ ɱɟɝɨ ɬɚɦ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ” – ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɜɟɫɨɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɱɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɢɬɦ ɫɬ. 3 ɢ 5 – ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɡɭɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ – ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. ȼ ɫɬ. 3, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɷɬ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ “ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ”, ɜ ɫɬ. 5 ɨɧ ɨɛɟɳɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ: ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦ ɩɨɷɬ. ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ
ɫɞɜɢɝ ɜ ɫɬ. 10 ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ, ɫ ɬɨɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɫɵɧɚ, ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɬ. 1-2, ɜ ɫɬ. 11-12 ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ. Ƚɪɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɨɜɤɚ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ: ɫɬ. 11-12 ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɬ. 1-2 ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ ɜ ɫɬ. 11. ɗɬɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ, ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɡɭɪɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɨ “ɫɵɧ”, ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ. 2.4. Ɏɨɧɢɤɚ Ɋɚɡɛɢɪɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ, ɦɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɦɢɦɨ ɟɝɨ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɭɪɵ. ɂɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɵ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ. Ʉɟɣɫ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ ɜɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɤ ɧɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɭ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ”, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɭ: ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ” ɜ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ. Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ “ɨ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɦɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɢ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɨɬɰɚ. ɇɨ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɭɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ “ɧɟ-ɝɨ” ɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɨɞ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɦ. Ʌɢɱɧɨ ɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɚɤɤɨɪɞ. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ, ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ” ɜɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɞɟɢ ɫ ɟɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ, ɬɨ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɟ ɷɯɨ: “ɨ-ɨ”. (ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ 2005)
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ” – ɩɨɞ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥɚ ɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɨɣ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɞ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɦ (Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜ, ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɚ 2004: 226-231). Ɇɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɵ ɜɵɜɟɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɹ Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜɭ ɢ ɋɤɭɥaɱɟɜɨɣ, ɦɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɂ ɢ ɕ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɧɟɦɨɣ, “ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɢɯɚ, ɜ ɪɢɮɦɟ
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɨɧɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵ: “‘ɛɕɬɶ – ɯɨɞɂɬɶ’ – ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɢɮɦɚ” (Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜ, ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɚ 2004: 227). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: 1. 2. 3. 4.
ȿɍȺȿ ɈɈȿȿ Ɉ Ɉɍɂȿ ɈɈɈȿ
5. 6. 7. 8.
ɈȺɍȺ ȿɈɕȺ ɂȿɕȺ ɈɂȺȺ
9. 10. 11. 12.
ɫɭɦɦɚ: Ⱥ-1, ȿ-6, ɂ-1, Ɉ-7, ɍ-2 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ: Ⱥ-5,88, ȿ-29,4, ɂ-5,88, Ɉ-41,17, ɍ-11,76 ɫɭɦɦɚ: Ⱥ-6, ȿ-2, ɂ-4, Ɉ-3, ɍ-1 ɩɪɨɰɟɧ: Ⱥ-37,5, ȿ-12,5, ɂ-25,0, Ɉ-18,75, ɍ-6,25
Ⱥ ɕɂȺȿ ɍ ȿɕȺɈ ɍɕȺȿ ɈɈȿɈ
ɫɭɦɦa: Ⱥ-4, ȿ-4, ɂ-4, Ɉ-4, ɍ-2 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ: Ⱥ-22,22, ȿ-22,22, ɂ-22,22, Ɉ-22,22, ɍ-11,1
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ:
Ⱥ-11, ȿ-12, ɂ-9, Ɉ-14, ɍ-5 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ: Ⱥ-21,57, ȿ-23,53, ɂ-17,65, Ɉ-27,45, ɍ-9,8
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ: Ⱥ I 1 II 4 III 2,2 ɜɫɟ 2
ȿ 3 1 2,2 2
ɂ 1 2 2,2 2
Ɉ 4 2 2,2 3
ɍ 1 1 1,1 1
ɧɨɪɦɚ 3
2
2
2
1
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ? ȼɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ. ɇɨ ɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȿ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ (1,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ). Ⱦɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ Ɉ – ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ – ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ – ɜ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɢ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ Ⱥ, ȿ, ɂ ɢ Ɉ ɡɜɭɱɚɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ, ɍ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɹɯ, ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɨɣ. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɯɨɝɨ, ɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ Ɉ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɡɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ
ȼɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥɚ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɨ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɜ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɟɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ Ɉ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚ “ɥɸɛɨɜɶ”, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɷɯɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬ. 4 ɢ 12 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ – ɫɬ. 4 Ɉ-Ɉ-Ɉ-ȿ, ɫɬ. 12 Ɉ-Ɉ-ȿ-Ɉ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɹɯ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɢɬɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɬ. 2 – ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ – ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɇɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣ ɛɪɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ: ɧɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɢɡ Lego ɞɜɨɪɟɰ, ɚ ɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɲɶ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ. Ɋɚɡɥɭɤɚ ɨɬɰɚ ɫ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ. 3.1. ɗɥɹ ɋɬɢɯɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɗɥɹ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ. “ɗɥɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɰɟɣ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɲɥɚ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ 8-ɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ (ɥɟɬɨ 1994 ɝ.)” (Ʉɚɡɚɪɢɧ 2004: 581). ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ ɗɥɟ’ (1994 ɝ.) ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ. Ɍɚɦ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɚɧɝɟɥɚ ɢ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ: Ʉɚɤ-ɬɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ, Ɉɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɲɟɥ ɦɨɪɨɡ ɩɨ ɤɨɠɟ, ɇɚɲɢ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ – Ɍɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɚ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ. […] ȼ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɛɥɭɡɤɟ, ɫ ɥɢɱɢɤɨɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɋɥɭɲɚɥɚ ɬɵ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. ɇɢɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɥ, ɞɭɦɚɥ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ – Ɇɢɥɵɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɛɟ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ? Ɇɢɝ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ, ɥɸɛɭɹɫɶ ɛɚɲɦɚɤɚɦɢ, Ɇɨɝ ɥɢ ɜɟɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɦɨɢɦɢ ɒɤɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɧɢɦɢ ɝɥɚɡɚɦɢ Ȼɨɝ – ɜ ɬɜɨɢ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ. […] Ɍɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɚ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ – Ʉɚɤ ɬɵ ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ. ɗɥɹ! – ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɸ ɹ – ɨ ɛɨɠɟ! ȼ ɩɨɬɨɥɨɤ ɫɦɨɬɪɸ ɢ ɩɥɚɱɭ, ɗɥɹ. (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2004: 15-16, ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɗɥɹ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ 1997 ɝɨɞɚ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɵɦ ɹɦɛɨɦ, ‘Ʉɭɫɨɤ ɷɥɟɝɢɢ’. Ɍɟɦɵ: ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶ, ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚ. ɗɥɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ; ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ɞɜɟ “ɬɵ”. ɗɥɹ – ɚɧɝɟɥ, ɟɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ – ɨɛɥɚɤɨ, ɰɜɟɬɵ. […] ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɹ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɫɶ ɬɭɬ, ə ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɫɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ɂ ɬɵ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ – ɞɚɣ ɪɭɤɭ ɦɧɟ – ɢ ɬɵ Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɹ ɛɨɸɫɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ Ƚɥɚɡɚ, ɭɥɵɛɤɭ, ɨɛɥɚɤɨ, ɰɜɟɬɵ. ȼɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɥ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɧɚɜɢɞɟɬɶ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɶ ɦɟɧɹ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɢ. ə ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɭ ɬɟɛɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɝɪɟɸɫɶ, Ʉɚɤ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɞɨɦ – ɧɟ ɚɧɝɟɥɵ – ɜɪɚɱɢ ɂ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɦɨɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ɍɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ – ɟɫɥɢ ɛ ɦɢɪ ɫɝɨɪɟɥ ɋɨ ɦɧɨɸ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɣ – ɬɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ. Ⱥ ɬɨɬ, ɤɨɝɨ ɥɸɛɢɥ, ɤɚɤ ɚɧɝɟɥ ɛɟɥ, Ɂɚɤɪɵɜ ɥɢɰɨ, ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ. […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 150, ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
ɑɟɪɟɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ ɩɨɷɬ ɫ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɵɞɚ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɸ ɗɥɟ’ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ “ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ...” (1998 ɝ.); ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɹɬ ɷɩɢɝɪɚɮ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦɭ (2000-2001) ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...”. Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɚ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜeɪɬɵɯ, ɞɚɠɟ ɠɢɜɵɯ-ɬɨ, ɱeɪɬ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ. Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ, ɜɨɜɫɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɥɨ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɪɨɲɭ ɭɫɬɚɥɨ: ɗɥɹ, ɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɵ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ? […] Ɉɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɜ “ɍɪɚɥɟ” ɪɢɮɦɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɸɞɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɤɚɥɢ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɥɢ. Ɉɛɴɹɜɢɥ, ɩɭɫɬɨɦɟɥɹ: ɜɨɬ, ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɗɥɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ. ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ, ɝɨɪɟ ɦɨɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢ ɠɟ
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ ɡɚ ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɢɪɲɢ, ɩɪɢɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɞɨɥɟɸ ɮɚɥɶɲɢ. […] (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2006: 181-182, ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.Ʌ.)
3.2. “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ...” ȼ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɜɚ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɗɥɢ. ȼ ɧɢɯ ɨɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ, ɪɚɧɨ ɭɦɟɪɲɚɹ, ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ, ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɲɟɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ. Ʉ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɫ ɧɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɳɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ: Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ – ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ-ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɰɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɩɨ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɢɞɭ, ɰɟɥɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɯɨɞɭ. Ƚɪɟɦɹɬ ɄɚɦȺɁɵ, ɢ ɞɵɦɹɬ ɡɚɜɨɞɵ. Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɋɬɢɤɫ ɤɨɥɵɲɟɬ ɧɟɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ. Ⱥɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɭɬ. Ʉɨɪɚɛɥɢɤɢ ɩɥɵɜɭɬ. ə ɪɚɡɞɚɸ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɢɦ ɫɢɝɚɪɟɬɵ ɢ ɭɥɵɛɚɸɫɶ, ɢ ɞɚɸ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ, ɢ ɩɪɢɤɭɪɢɬɶ ɞɚɸ. ɍ ɛɟɡɞɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɜɨɣ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɛɚɧɬ ɩɥɵɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɟɦ ɮɨɧɟ. ɂ ɫɭɲɚɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɨɧɟ ɬɨ ɦɚɣɤɚ, ɬɨ ɩɚɥɶɬɨ, ɬɨ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ. ɉɚɩɚɲɚ ɬɜɨɣ ɡɨɜɟɬ ɬɟɛɹ, ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ, ɝɪɨɡɢɬ ɬɟɛɟ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɬɫɹ, ɫɭɤɚ, ɟɛɚɧɵɣ ɩɢɞɚɪɚɫ, ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɜ ɧɚɫ. ɉɪɨɫɬɢ-ɩɪɨɳɚɣ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭɞɚɪɹɬ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɛɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɞɨɯɧɟɬ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɡɭɛɵ ɡɚ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɨɢɦ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɞɵɦ,
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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ɩɨɞɤɪɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɧɵ, ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɦɨɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɦɢ, ɞɵɯɚɧɶɟ ɡɚɬɚɹ, ɫɩɪɨɫɢ ɦɟɧɹ: ɤɬɨ ɹ? ɂ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ, ɢ ɝɪɹɧɭɬ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɧɟɝ ɦɨɢ ɡɚɫɵɩɥɟɬ ɝɭɛɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɵ. – Ɇɨɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ, ɷɬɨ ɬɵ. (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 336-337)
ȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚɦɢ: ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɨɰɟɥɭɢ, ɰɜɟɬɭɳɢɟ ɚɤɚɰɢɢ, ɭɥɵɛɤɢ – ɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɬɰɨɦ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ȼ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɹɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ: “ɫɦɟɪɬɶɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɰɚ”, “Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɋɬɢɤɫ”, ɛɟɡɞɧɚ, ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɢɦɚɹ. “Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɛɚɧɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɟɦ ɮɨɧɟ” ɨɬɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ “ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜeɪɬɵɯ...” ɢ ɤ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...”. ȼ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ: ɩɨɷɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ, ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɫɜɟɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ: ɨɬɟɰ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɶɹɜɨɥɚ, ɢɡɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ “ɡɟɥɟɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɞɵɦ”, ɚ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɟ, ɭɡɧɚɜ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɜɨɫɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. 3.3. “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...” ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ 3 ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɗɥɟ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ: ɞɜɚ “ɬɵ” ɢ ɪɭɤɨɩɨɠɚɬɢɹ, ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɬɪɭɛ, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ, ɰɜɟɬɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ. ɉɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɸɠɟɬɚɯ, ɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɗɥɹ, ɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɵ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ?
ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ, ɹ – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɪɢɮɦɭɹɫɶ ɫ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɦ, ɜ ɬɟɛɹ ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɜ ɬɜɨɸ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɭ, ɞɚɜɚɣ-ɤɚ ɪɭɤɭ. ɇɟ ɬɵ, ɚ ɬɵ, ɚ ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ – ɬɵ ɛɭɞɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɚ ɬɵ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɦɟɧɹɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɦɟɥɨ, ɧɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɥɨ.
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ Ⱥ ɞɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ-ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɧɧɢɦ ɧɚɫ ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ, ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ. ɂ ɞɚɠɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ, ɬɚɤ, ɜ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɭɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɩɨɲɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. Ⱥ ɧɭ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɥɟɬɟɥɢ, ɝɞɟ, ɩɨɥɵɯɚɹ, ɤɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɥɟɬɟɥɢ, ɬɭɞɚ, ɝɞɟ ɞɨ ɬɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ, ɗɥɹ, ɟɳe ɧɟɞɟɥɹ. ȿɳɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɨɹ, ɢ ɬɵ ɭɣɞɟɲɶ, ɜɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɦ, ɜ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ, ɧɟ ɬɵ, ɚ ɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɤɭɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɭɛɨɸ, ɩɨɣɞɟɲɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɸ ɦɢɦɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɪɟɲɟɬɨɤ, ɜ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɦ, ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɬɨɧɟ ɞɟɪɡɤɨɦ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɨɤɨɦ ɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɲɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ, ɹ – ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ. (Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2003: 317-318)
ɋɩɟɪɜɚ ɨɩɢɲɟɦ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɮɚɦ: ɋɬɪɨɮɚ I ɋɬɪɨɮɚ II ɋɬɪɨɮɚ III ɋɬɪɨɮɚ IV ɋɬɪɨɮɚ V ɋɬɪɨɮɚ VI ɋɬɪɨɮɚ VII
ɉɨɷɬ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɥɸɛɢɦɭɸ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɟɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɟɳɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɷɬ ɛɵɥ ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤ ɢ ɫɬɨɹɥ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ: ɨɞɧɚ “ɬɵ” ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɱɧɨ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɨɧ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ. ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɰɟɧɚ: ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɟɫɟɥɭɸ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ, ɚ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ. ɉɨɷɬ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɵɲɢɬ ɢɯ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɟ, ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. Ɇɵ ɭɡɧɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ: ɗɥɹ ɭɦɟɪɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. ɋɦɟɪɬɶ ɗɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨɟ: ɭɯɨɞ ɜ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ, ɨɞɟɬɨɣ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɟ. ɉɨɷɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ “ɬɵ”. Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɩɨɷɬ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ “ɬɵ” (ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ ɗɥɢ?) ɩɨɣɞɭɬ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, “ɦɢɦɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɪɟɲɟɬɨɤ”, ɨɧɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɛɭɥɵ ɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ: ɮɚɛɭɥɚ 1. ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ 2. ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ ɗɥɢ 3. ɤɨɧɱɢɧɚ ɗɥɢ 4. ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 5. ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɢɥɵ ɗɥɢ 6. ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɫɸɠɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɮɚ + ɫɬɪɨɤɚ 6. ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ I, 1 1. ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ I, II 4. ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ III, IV 2. ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ ɗɥɢ V, VI, 1 3. ɤɨɧɱɢɧɚ ɗɥɢ VI, 2 5. ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɢɥɵ ɗɥɢ VI, 3-4, VII
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɸɠɟɬ, ɷɬɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ: ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, ɨɩɹɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ? ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɮɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɤɥɸɱ: ɩɨɷɬ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɫɥɵɲɢɬ, ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ, ɩɨɯɨɠɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɰɟɧɭ ɢɡ ɧɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ. ɇɨ ɡɜɭɤ ɛɵɥ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɷɬ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ. Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ, ɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯ, ɦɵ ɯɨɞɢɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɯ “ɤɪɭɝɨɜ” ɦɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ, ɧɟɛɚ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ. ɋɬɪɨɮɚ VI ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ: ɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɮɚɯ ɞɜɟ “ɬɵ”. Ⱦɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɨɷɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ: ɫɩɟɪɜɚ ɨɧ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɗɥɸ, ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɭ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ ɨɧ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ “ɬɵ”: ɨɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɧɨ ɨɧ ɟɟ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɟɬ, ɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɟɳɟ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɡɭɪɨɣ: “ɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɲɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ / ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ, ɹ – ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ.” 3.4. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɭɦɟɪɲɟɣ ɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ. ȼ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɢ ɗɥɟ’ ɢ “ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, -ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, -ɱɟɬɜeɪɬɵɯ…” ɗɥɹ ɥɢɲɶ – ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ, ɨ ɝɪɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɫɨɱɢɧɢɥ ɫɬɢɯɢ. ȼ ‘Ʉɭɫɤɟ ɷɥɟɝɢɢ’ ɗɥɹ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ; ɢɦɹ ɟɟ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ Ɋɵɠɢɣ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɹɦɛɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɢɮɦɵ, ɜɡɹɥ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɷɥɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɧ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɪ ɞɥɹ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɥ ɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɷɥɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ “ɗɥɟɝɢɹ” ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɵɦ ɹɦɛɨɦ. 4 Ⱦɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɹɬɢɫɬɨɩɧɵɣ ɹɦɛ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ. Ɏɨɪɦɨɣ
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Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ʌɚɧɝɟɪɚɤ
ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ...” ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ə5533, ɫ ɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɨɣ ȺȺɛɛ, ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...” – ə5552, ɫ ɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɨɣ ȺȺȻȻ. ɋɬɢɯɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ: ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤe. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɬɦɟ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ...”. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɫ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɪɨɮ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɭɸ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɭɸ ɩɚɭɡɭ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɧɟ ɨɳɭɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɥ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ: ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɫɬɪɨɮɵ I ɢ II), ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɫɬɪɨɮɵ IV ɢ V), ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ (ɫɬɪɨɮɵ I ɢ II, II ɢ III, V ɢ VI). ɋɬɪɨɮɵ VI ɢ VII ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɠɚɦɛɦɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɭɸ ɩɚɭɡɭ. ɋɦɟɧɚ ɪɢɬɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞɲɟɟ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ; ɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɲɥɚ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɚ ɨɧ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɢɮɦɚɯ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɜɫɟ ɪɢɮɦɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ⱥ, ɧɨ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɢɮɦɚɦɢ “ɧɚɱɚɥɟ – ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ” ɢ “ɩɟɱɚɥɢ – ɢɝɪɚɥɢ”, ɫɥɵɲɚɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɪɢɮɦɵ “ɧɚɱɚɥɟ – ɩɟɱɚɥɢ” ɢ “ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ – ɢɝɪɚɥɢ”. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ Ⱥ ɜ ɪɢɮɦɚɯ, ɷɬɨɬ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɟɳɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ. Ɉɛɢɥɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ Ⱥ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɩɨɷɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɣ: “ ɂ ɞȺɠɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞȺɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɝɪȺɥɢ, / ɬȺɤ, ɜ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɭɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤȺɥɢ.” ȼ ɩɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ – ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɗɥɢ – ɫ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɣ; ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɢɮɦɚɯ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȿ + ɦɹɝɤɢɣ Ʌ. ɍɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȿ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɵ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ ɞɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɥɢ, ɟɳɟ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ ɗɥɟɣ: ɧɟɞȿɥɹ (ɪɢɮɦɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ “ɗɥɹ”), ɫɜȿɬɚ ɢ ɛȿɥɨɦ. ɉɨɬɨɦ ȿ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ – ɟɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɞȿɪɡɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ VII. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ “ɬɵ”, ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ; ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ 10 ɪɚɡ! Ɍɚɤ Ɋɵɠɢɣ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɲɟɞɟɜɪ ɨ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɦɢɧɨɪɧɵɦ ɚɤɤɨɪɞɨɦ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ “ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ
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Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ ɫɦ.: ɀɨɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ (2005). “Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ” – ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɟ ɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰ ɢ ɩɚɧɫɢɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ Ʉɪɵɦɭ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ (2006) “ɋɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɛɚɧɬɨɦ…” ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ “Ɋɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ, ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɛɪɸɱɤɢ…”, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ (2003, 2004) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ. 1997 ɝɨɞɨɦ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ’ (“…ɇɚɦ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɧɨɥɶ ɜɨɫɶɦɭɸ ɚɥɤɚɲɢ…”; 2003: 109-110), ‘Ʉɭɫɨɤ ɷɥɟɝɢɢ’ (“Ⱦɚɣ ɪɭɤɭ ɦɧɟ – ɦɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ-ɬɪɢ…”; 2003: 150) ɢ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ’ (“Ȼɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɹ ɩɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥ ɬɟɛɹ…”; 2003: 162); 2000-2001 ɝɝ. ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ‘ɗɥɟɝɢɹ’ (“Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɸ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɞɨɠɞɢɧɤɭ…”; 2003: 312).
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ȼɟɪɯɟɣɥ, Ʉɟɣɫ 2005 ‘Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ: ȼɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɭ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ “Ɉɛɥɚɤɚ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ ȿ”’. Ɂɧɚɦɹ, 1 (http://magazines.russ.ru/znamia/2005/1/ve7-pr.html). Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɜ, Ɇ. Ʌ., ɋɤɭɥɚɱɟɜɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. 2004 ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɫɬɢɯɚ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. ɀɨɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ 2005 ‘Ɉɛ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ “ɋɬɢɯɚɯ ɭɤɥɨɧɢɫɬɚ Ȼ. Ɋɵɠɟɝɨ”’. Ɂɜɟɡɞɚ, 1 (http://magazines.russ.ru/zvezda/2005/12/zh13-pr.html). Ʉɚɡɚɪɢɧ, ɘɪɢɣ 2004 ‘ɉɨɷɬ Ȼɨɪɢɫ Ɋɵɠɢɣ: ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɚɫɚ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ’. ȼ: Ɋɵɠɢɣ 2004: 521-814. Ɋɵɠɢɣ, Ȼɨɪɢɫ 2003 ɋɬɢɯɢ 1993-2001. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ. 2004 Ɉɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ. 2006 Ɍɢɩɚ ɩɟɫɧɹ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. Purin, Aleksei 2005 ‘Music Alone: On the Poetry of Boris Ryzhy’. World Literature Today, January-April, 43-46.