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00524 Factors affecting mercury control in utility flue gas using activated carbon
75 00100520 Environmental assessment and characterization of residues from coal processing and steel industry activities Teixeira, E. C. er al. Fuel, 1999, 78, (lo), 1161-1169. This work aims to characterize residues from coal processing and steel industry activities by means of physical-chemical analyses. The deposits were selected according to the field descriptions, which aimed at the generic characterization of each deposit, mainly in relation to type/aspect, and to the particle size range predominant in each deposit. Total extraction. as well as leaching and solubilization tests were applied to samples of coal waste, ash and residues from the steel industry. Results of the characterization indicated that the pollutant potential is more significant in coal waste than in ashes. Some metallic elements, such as iron, showed high concentrations in the total extraction but they were not necessarily the most mobile when leaching and solubilization tests were conducted. Manganese followed by lead and zinc presented a more significant concentration in the extract of the tests mentioned earlier and a consequent higher mobility. The application of factor analysis to the variables studied emphasized the differences in the mobility of metallic elements regarding the tests used. These differences can be attributed to the association of metals to different mineral fractions (sulphides, carbonates and silicates) within coal.
Environmental performance evaluation-a tool for 00100521 industrial improvement Thoresen. J. J. Cleaner Prodttction, 1999, 7, (5). 365-370. This paper brings into focus central aspects related to the construction of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) and their use in environmental performance evaluation of industrial companies. External stakeholders mav use EPIs on a macro level for regulatory, control, influence and risk minimization purposes. They may also be used on a micro level inside the company for setting goals, control and surveillance of product performance and monitoring manufacturing and administrative processes. To be successful, it is suggested that environmental performance evaluation and management in companies is based on a life cycle perspective, higher than average environmental ambitions and an expanded view of company responsibility and influence on all phases with major environmental impacts along the product lifecycle. Environmental impacts with both local, regional and global effects should be considered. Indicator categories for product life cycle performance, environmental performance of manufacturing operations and environmental condition are suggested. Guides for the selection of essential environmental end-effect aspects and sub-categories for the two former types of indicators have been developed. It is made clear that hoth external and internal stakeholder demands for environmental information may be satisfied through EPIs, but that indicator formats may vary according to the requirements of the individual stakeholder. Further, it is suggested that a thorough analysis of stakeholder information requirements be carried out hefore relevant EPIs are constructed. Promoted viewpoints and conclusions are based on a literature review and on a research project (The Research Council of Norway Research project EMS 30506. Integration of environmental issues into company planning process. Oslo. Norway, 1996).
Environmentally friendly energy system models 00100522 using material circulation and energy cascade-the optimization work Akisawa, A. et ul. Errergy, 1999. 24. (7), 561-578. The objectives of this paper are to develop advanced energy management systems for an energy efficient and environmentally friendly society and to provide an assessment model for zero emission (of materials) and energy cascade systems. This paper introduces two types of advanced energy system models: energy cascade with zero emission by material circulation and a super environmentally benign industrial district from the viewpoint of complete energy utilization and environment conservation. An assessment model is developed to quantify the energy saving effect from the advanced energy cascade systems. which consist of four major industry groups and 12 subgroups in Japan. The results show that an energy saving effect of 25% could be realized from the zero emission and energy cascade systems. It is, moreover, found that the minimum fuel and energy consumption rate could be obtained from an optimum area composition of major groups. This paper develops an energy cascade balance table which indicates the material and heat flow directions from a higher potential level to a lower potential level. The tahle proposes current energy consumption with respect to temperature Icvel. The proposed energy models demonstrate how to maximize the heat utilization among various industries.
Experimental study on NO, emissions using 00100523 centered jets with large velocity difference Zhong, B. er al. Ra,rshao Kexue YIC Jishu, 1998, 4. (3), 237-241. (In Chinese) Using a horizontal pulverized coal fired furnace. laboratory experiments for verifying whether a method using centered jets with large velocity difference reduces the NO, emission have been conducted. The experimental results indicate that the present method not only enables the reduction of NO, emissions, but also makes the coal particles ignite in advance, so the combustion stability of pulverized coal will be enhanced. If the present method is used for the tangentially pulverized coal fired furnace, the combustion efficiency would not decrease when NO, emissions decrease.
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safeety)
00100524 Factors affecting mercury control in utility flue gas using activated carbon Carey, T. R. et al. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 1998, 48, ( 12). 1 1hh- I 174. The ability of different sorbents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams was determined by the Electric Power Research Institute by conducting bench-and pilot-scale tests. The bench-scale tests examined the effect of sorbent and flue gas parameters on sorbent performance. These data were then used to develop a theoretical model to predict mercury removal by sorbents under different conditions. Parametric benchscale test results examining HgCl and elemental Hg removal by activated carbon are discussed. Results indicated the adsorption capacity of a given sorbent depends on many factors, including type of mercury being adsorbed, flue gas composition and adsorption temperature. These data provide insight into potential mercury adsorption mechanisms and suggest that mercury removal involves physical and chemical mechanisms. Understanding these effects is important since the performance of a given sorhent could vary significantly from site to site depending on the coal- or gasmatrix composition. OOIOO525 Foreign investment and environmental regulations in LDCs Beladi, H. et al. Resource & Energy Economics, 1999, 21, (2). 191-199. This paper examines the welfare and policy issues of pollution taxes and foreign-investment quotas for a small, developing economy. Each policy in isolation and their joint optimum is considered. It was found that, for a country with capital inflows, an active environmental policy along with a liberal policy on foreign capital is optimal. 00100526 Foul fuel in Nigeria’s air: Nigerian environment law Fagbhun, L. Energy & Natural Resources Low, 1999, 17. (3). 25 I-264. This article examines some of the legal issues relating to the recent import of a certain brand of premium motor spirit (PMS) into Nigeria. The PMS was subsequently found to be contaminated-but only after it had been distributed throughout the country. Global passenger travel: implications for carbon OOiOO527 dioxide emissions Schafer, A. and Victor, D. G. Energy. 1999, 24, (8). 657-679. a constant fraction of their time and Humans spend, on average, expenditure on travel. These and a few other constraints allow a new model for predicting regional and world travel, which can he used to develop a scenario for carbon emissions from passenger transport. Globally. carbon emissions will most probably increase to 2.7 GtC in 2050, compared with 0.8 GtC in 1990. In every industrialized region, aircraft and high-speed trains will become the dominant mode of transport and automobile travel will decline dramatically by 2050. Passenger transport carbon emissions will stabilize by 2020 without any further policy intervention. However, in developing countries automobile travel will continue to rise and become the dominant source of carbon dioxide from passenger transport. Fear of global warming may require stabilization of these emissions by mid-century. It is evident that without some action to accelerate an improvement in energy is a efficiency starting in the next decade, the goal of stabilization technically an unrealistic task, unless zero-carhon technologies become available. Gray evaluation of operation environment in OOlOO526 working faces of a coal mine Shi, S. and Wang, H. Prog. Saf Sci. Techno/., [Proc. Iut. Syrup Suj. SC;. Technol.], 1998, 434-439. Edited by Zeng, 0. Science Press. Beijing. Peop. Rep. China In this paper the importance of the operating environment for workers’ health and of safe production techniques in working faces of a coal mine are highlighted. An model evaluating the environment in working faces is established with the theory of gray interrelated analysis. A practical example of an evaluation is given. ‘Green energy’ project reducing emissions 00/00529 QGMJ, 1999, 100, (1170) 34. Energex run a green energy scheme which has helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 56,000 tons in its first year ot operation. The Earth’schoice programme is reported to be the fastest growing renewable energy programme of its kind and one of the most effective in facilitating new renewable energy generation 00/00530 Greenhouse gas emissions from Australian coal mining Williams, D. J. Greenhouse Gas Control Techrrol., Proc. Irlt. Con/‘. 4th 1998, (Pub 1999) S17-822. Presented in the paper are the most recent estimations of greenhouse gas emissions from the mining of black coal in Australia. In addition. indications of the uncertainties from each of the source categories arc provided. The prime sources are considered to he energy consumption. fugitive emissions and waste coal oxidation from open cut mines. A selection of mitigation options are outlined. current practices are reviewed and the obstacles that impede the implementation of mitigation techniques are also described. The reduction of fugitive emissions from underground mines is believed to he the best option for improvement.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2000
55
Environmental performance evaluation-a tool for 00100521 industrial improvement Thoresen. J. J. Cleaner Prodttction, 1999, 7, (5). 365-370. This paper brings into focus central aspects related to the construction of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) and their use in environmental performance evaluation of industrial companies. External stakeholders mav use EPIs on a macro level for regulatory, control, influence and risk minimization purposes. They may also be used on a micro level inside the company for setting goals, control and surveillance of product performance and monitoring manufacturing and administrative processes. To be successful, it is suggested that environmental performance evaluation and management in companies is based on a life cycle perspective, higher than average environmental ambitions and an expanded view of company responsibility and influence on all phases with major environmental impacts along the product lifecycle. Environmental impacts with both local, regional and global effects should be considered. Indicator categories for product life cycle performance, environmental performance of manufacturing operations and environmental condition are suggested. Guides for the selection of essential environmental end-effect aspects and sub-categories for the two former types of indicators have been developed. It is made clear that hoth external and internal stakeholder demands for environmental information may be satisfied through EPIs, but that indicator formats may vary according to the requirements of the individual stakeholder. Further, it is suggested that a thorough analysis of stakeholder information requirements be carried out hefore relevant EPIs are constructed. Promoted viewpoints and conclusions are based on a literature review and on a research project (The Research Council of Norway Research project EMS 30506. Integration of environmental issues into company planning process. Oslo. Norway, 1996).
Environmentally friendly energy system models 00100522 using material circulation and energy cascade-the optimization work Akisawa, A. et ul. Errergy, 1999. 24. (7), 561-578. The objectives of this paper are to develop advanced energy management systems for an energy efficient and environmentally friendly society and to provide an assessment model for zero emission (of materials) and energy cascade systems. This paper introduces two types of advanced energy system models: energy cascade with zero emission by material circulation and a super environmentally benign industrial district from the viewpoint of complete energy utilization and environment conservation. An assessment model is developed to quantify the energy saving effect from the advanced energy cascade systems. which consist of four major industry groups and 12 subgroups in Japan. The results show that an energy saving effect of 25% could be realized from the zero emission and energy cascade systems. It is, moreover, found that the minimum fuel and energy consumption rate could be obtained from an optimum area composition of major groups. This paper develops an energy cascade balance table which indicates the material and heat flow directions from a higher potential level to a lower potential level. The tahle proposes current energy consumption with respect to temperature Icvel. The proposed energy models demonstrate how to maximize the heat utilization among various industries.
Experimental study on NO, emissions using 00100523 centered jets with large velocity difference Zhong, B. er al. Ra,rshao Kexue YIC Jishu, 1998, 4. (3), 237-241. (In Chinese) Using a horizontal pulverized coal fired furnace. laboratory experiments for verifying whether a method using centered jets with large velocity difference reduces the NO, emission have been conducted. The experimental results indicate that the present method not only enables the reduction of NO, emissions, but also makes the coal particles ignite in advance, so the combustion stability of pulverized coal will be enhanced. If the present method is used for the tangentially pulverized coal fired furnace, the combustion efficiency would not decrease when NO, emissions decrease.
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safeety)
00100524 Factors affecting mercury control in utility flue gas using activated carbon Carey, T. R. et al. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 1998, 48, ( 12). 1 1hh- I 174. The ability of different sorbents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams was determined by the Electric Power Research Institute by conducting bench-and pilot-scale tests. The bench-scale tests examined the effect of sorbent and flue gas parameters on sorbent performance. These data were then used to develop a theoretical model to predict mercury removal by sorbents under different conditions. Parametric benchscale test results examining HgCl and elemental Hg removal by activated carbon are discussed. Results indicated the adsorption capacity of a given sorbent depends on many factors, including type of mercury being adsorbed, flue gas composition and adsorption temperature. These data provide insight into potential mercury adsorption mechanisms and suggest that mercury removal involves physical and chemical mechanisms. Understanding these effects is important since the performance of a given sorhent could vary significantly from site to site depending on the coal- or gasmatrix composition. OOIOO525 Foreign investment and environmental regulations in LDCs Beladi, H. et al. Resource & Energy Economics, 1999, 21, (2). 191-199. This paper examines the welfare and policy issues of pollution taxes and foreign-investment quotas for a small, developing economy. Each policy in isolation and their joint optimum is considered. It was found that, for a country with capital inflows, an active environmental policy along with a liberal policy on foreign capital is optimal. 00100526 Foul fuel in Nigeria’s air: Nigerian environment law Fagbhun, L. Energy & Natural Resources Low, 1999, 17. (3). 25 I-264. This article examines some of the legal issues relating to the recent import of a certain brand of premium motor spirit (PMS) into Nigeria. The PMS was subsequently found to be contaminated-but only after it had been distributed throughout the country. Global passenger travel: implications for carbon OOiOO527 dioxide emissions Schafer, A. and Victor, D. G. Energy. 1999, 24, (8). 657-679. a constant fraction of their time and Humans spend, on average, expenditure on travel. These and a few other constraints allow a new model for predicting regional and world travel, which can he used to develop a scenario for carbon emissions from passenger transport. Globally. carbon emissions will most probably increase to 2.7 GtC in 2050, compared with 0.8 GtC in 1990. In every industrialized region, aircraft and high-speed trains will become the dominant mode of transport and automobile travel will decline dramatically by 2050. Passenger transport carbon emissions will stabilize by 2020 without any further policy intervention. However, in developing countries automobile travel will continue to rise and become the dominant source of carbon dioxide from passenger transport. Fear of global warming may require stabilization of these emissions by mid-century. It is evident that without some action to accelerate an improvement in energy is a efficiency starting in the next decade, the goal of stabilization technically an unrealistic task, unless zero-carhon technologies become available. Gray evaluation of operation environment in OOlOO526 working faces of a coal mine Shi, S. and Wang, H. Prog. Saf Sci. Techno/., [Proc. Iut. Syrup Suj. SC;. Technol.], 1998, 434-439. Edited by Zeng, 0. Science Press. Beijing. Peop. Rep. China In this paper the importance of the operating environment for workers’ health and of safe production techniques in working faces of a coal mine are highlighted. An model evaluating the environment in working faces is established with the theory of gray interrelated analysis. A practical example of an evaluation is given. ‘Green energy’ project reducing emissions 00/00529 QGMJ, 1999, 100, (1170) 34. Energex run a green energy scheme which has helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 56,000 tons in its first year ot operation. The Earth’schoice programme is reported to be the fastest growing renewable energy programme of its kind and one of the most effective in facilitating new renewable energy generation 00/00530 Greenhouse gas emissions from Australian coal mining Williams, D. J. Greenhouse Gas Control Techrrol., Proc. Irlt. Con/‘. 4th 1998, (Pub 1999) S17-822. Presented in the paper are the most recent estimations of greenhouse gas emissions from the mining of black coal in Australia. In addition. indications of the uncertainties from each of the source categories arc provided. The prime sources are considered to he energy consumption. fugitive emissions and waste coal oxidation from open cut mines. A selection of mitigation options are outlined. current practices are reviewed and the obstacles that impede the implementation of mitigation techniques are also described. The reduction of fugitive emissions from underground mines is believed to he the best option for improvement.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2000
55