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01188 The impregnation effect on low and middle rank coals structure reorganization and their behavior during pyrolysis
0 1 Solid fuels (preparation) A review of Czech brown and black coals. The discussion includes an evaluation of coal reserves, physical properties, composition, trace element analysis, suitable combustion and gasification technologies, plus combustion emission standards.
Mechanical sampling systems for coal quality control in Romanlan power plants
00/01184
Matei, M. Proc. - Ahnu. In!. Pirrshlrrgh Cool Co@. 1998. 1648. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. In a co-generation power plant for coal quality control a falling stream sampler with cutter bucket was installed Experiments were underway to check for precision and bias by comparison with stopped-belt sampling and preliminary results were presented.
Promising research trends in the field of coal chemistry and technology
OOlOll85
Marzec, A. Karho-encrgochem.-EX-ol., 1998. 43, (12). 379-381. (In Polish) Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT. The trends in coal research arc discussed in this review. The topics listed include: optimization of combustion and gasification, the control of nitric oxide and sulfur oxide emissions, coal-derived sorbents, coal minerals, waste and biomass fuels for carbon dioxide emission abatement, coking, coal liquefaction, and fundamental research.
00/01188 Research on coal reactivity: making a comparison between hydrogenation wlth H-donor solvent and thermogravlmetry In N1 atmosphere Feng, J. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Cotzf., 1998, 1356-1363. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. The study presented in this paper included seven different kinds of coals, ranging from lignite to anthracite. The experimental results demonstrate that the activation energy calculated from thermogravimetry and the amount of hydrogen transferred during the coal reaction with the hydrogendonor Tetralin were comparable. The canonical relation analysis was used to compare the two types of reactivities which were also shown to be comparable.
The hydroboration procedure can be easily carried out using boron hydride complex solution in THF. It is possible that THF plays different roles in the hydroboration process. For example, it might permit the bulk reaction by partial dissolution of coal. However, structural changes caused by the dissolution of coal in THF might interfere with those caused by hydroboration. In order to exclude the overlapping of the reactions and to detect the exact role of THF solution in hydroboration, the preliminary THF extraction was conducted. Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coal was extracted and subsequently hydroborated. Proximate and ultimate analysis for all samples was carried out. A number of parameters, such as apparent aromaticity and carbon distribution, obtained by using ‘sC NMR spectroscopy were detected to track the changes in coal structure caused by hydroboration. All data were compared with results of the same analysis of samples, which did not undergo preliminary THF extraction. It can be concluded from the results obtained that preliminary THF extraction does not make hydroboration reaction easier. In contrast it was shown to disturb and suppress hydroboration.
00/01190 The relationship between coal quality and coal resource parameters of Powder River and Wllliston Basin Coal, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota Ellis, M. S. Proc. - Annu. Inr. Pirrshwgh Cod Con/:, 1998. 1480-148X. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference. University of Pittsburgh. The mines in the northern Rocky Mountain and Great Plains region provides clean, compliant coal that is utilized as fuel for coal-fired power plants in 26 states. In 1997 more than 30% of the USA’s production was from Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming. It has been estimated that by 2015 the production of clean, compliant coal from the region is will increase to 415 million short tons. Studies in this region indicate a relationship between percentage sulfur and ash and pounds of Soaper million Btu and the resource parameters of coal thickness and overburden. The observed trends indicate that both coal quality and thickness and associated rocks are controlled by paleoenvironment and depositional setting.
Preparation
00/01187 The direct determination of the forms of sulohur In coal using microwave dlgestlon aid i.c.p.-a.e.s. analysjs Laban, K. L. and Atkin, B. P. Fuel. 2000. 79. (2). 173-l 80. A sequential digestion method is’reported for the direct determination of sulfate, pyrite and organic sulfur concentrations in coals of either bituminous or sub-bituminous rank. A three-stage extraction was developed, using acid digestion in a microwave oven. In the first stage, 5 M HCl is used to dissolve sulfate phases in the coal. Pyrite is then extracted from the stage 1 residue using 2 M HNOs. The final stage, for the determination of organic sulfur, involves the use of concentrated HNOs, HCI, HF and boric acid for the complete decomposition of residue that remains following stage 2. The extract solutions from each stage are rapidly analysed for sulfur using i.c.p.-a.e.s. The sums of the three forms of sulfur have shown consistent agreement with certified total sulfur data for most of the coals studied. This correlation, in addition to the good precision achieved by this technique, suggests that the sequential digestion method is reliable. Furthermore, significant time savings are achievable over some of the standard techniques demonstrating the suitability of the method for routine analyses.
00101188 The lmpre natlon effect on low and middle rank coals structure reorganlzatBon and their behavior during pyrolysis Shevkoplyas, V. N. and Saranchuk, V. I. Fuel, 2000. 79. (5). 557-565. Main structural parameters of low and middle rank coals and genesis (Cd”’ = 64.3-87.2%) were determined by method of X-ray diffraction. The interrelation between structural parameters (LE. L,,, A//& and carbon content (Cdur) of coal was found. It is determined that impregnating of coals by 1 M of inorganic substance solution (KOH. CaO, HCI) and water leads to a change in the initial coal structure and is determined by a reagent nature. Data of IR-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction for parent and impregnated coals suggest that the effect of inorganic substances on coal involves substitution of free acid group protons with metal (K, Ca) cations and a rupture of C-O-C and C-C bonds takes place as well as rupture of organo-mineral bonds (O-Me-O), sulfide bridges and a destruction of cation-forming complexed (HCI). The influence of extraplanar deformational vibrations of CHl- and CHs-bonds of carbon skeleton with a successive redistribution of aromatic and aliphatic fragments in coal structure is increased. The correlation between the degree of interlayer ordering (h//& of parent and impregnated coals and the pyrolysis liquid products at a temperature of 500°C was found. It was shown that coals impregnated in the course of pyrolysis increases the liquid products yield, 1.5-2.0times. in comparison with untreated coals. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data were used to determine the energies of activation (&I) for some coals. The correlation between TGA and X-ray diffraction data was found.
00/01189 The Influence of prellmlnary THF extractlon of coals with different rank on coal hydroboratlon Korobetskaya,
E. I. and Schobert, H. H. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Cor$. 1998, 1300-1307. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh.
00/01191 A corn arlson of the influence of wetting heat with contact angle In Plotatlon Zhu, S. Proe. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Cod Conf., 1998, 1376-1378. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. Coal surface hydrophobicicty and coal flotation yields are related. The contact angle is generally used as an index for floatability. The influence of contact angle with wetting heat on flotation results from 16 Chinese coals is compared in this paper. It was found that the correlation of wetting heat is much better than that of contact angle in evaluation of coal floatability. Three levels of wetting heat values have been proposed to classify coal floatability.
00101192 A method and an apparatus for upgrading a solid material Conochie, D. S. PCT Int. Appl. WO 99 10,079 (Cl. BOlD43/00), 4 Mar 1999, AU Appl. 9718,766, 25 Aug 1997. 25. This paper discloses a method and an apparatus for upgrading solid materials. The method involves the solid material being heated to an elevated temperature to remove water and thereafter cooling the upgraded solid material. The method includes providing a plurality of vessels containing packed beds of the solid material and 21 heat exchange circuit for heating and cooling the solid material in the packed beds in the vessels by heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid. The method is controlled so that the solid material in a first group of the vessels in at 2 1 stages of a heating cycle and the solid material in a second group of vessels is at 2 1 stages of a cooling cycle. Specifically, the method is controlled by selectively connecting 2 1 heat exchange circuit to the vessels so that the heat transfer fluid recovers heat from the solid material undergoing the cooling cycle in 2 1 of the vessels in the first group and the recovered heat is transferred to the solid material undergoing the heating cycle in 1 1 of the vessels in the second group.
00/01193 A.p.-t.p.r. Investigation of the effect of nitric acid leaching on the sulphur distribution in coal Van Aelst, J. Fuel, 2000. 79, (5). 537-544. The effect of nitric acid leaching on the sulfur distribution in Emma and Mequinenza coal was studied here, as previous work demonstrated and nitric acid was able to remove more than just inorganic sulfur under certain experimental conditions. In contrast with standard methods, in which nitric acid is used to remove pyritic sulfur, atmospheric pressure-temperature programmed reduction (a.p.-t.p.r.) was used to specify which organic sulfur functionalities are easily removed by nitric acid treatment, and which are more difficult to remove.
00101194 An experimental study on desulfuriratlon of highsulfur coal slime wlth free jet flotation column Xie, H. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pirrshurgh Coal Cotzc. 1998. 1416-1424. Pittsburgh Coal Conference. University of Pittsburgh.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2000
15th
137
Mechanical sampling systems for coal quality control in Romanlan power plants
00/01184
Matei, M. Proc. - Ahnu. In!. Pirrshlrrgh Cool Co@. 1998. 1648. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. In a co-generation power plant for coal quality control a falling stream sampler with cutter bucket was installed Experiments were underway to check for precision and bias by comparison with stopped-belt sampling and preliminary results were presented.
Promising research trends in the field of coal chemistry and technology
OOlOll85
Marzec, A. Karho-encrgochem.-EX-ol., 1998. 43, (12). 379-381. (In Polish) Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT. The trends in coal research arc discussed in this review. The topics listed include: optimization of combustion and gasification, the control of nitric oxide and sulfur oxide emissions, coal-derived sorbents, coal minerals, waste and biomass fuels for carbon dioxide emission abatement, coking, coal liquefaction, and fundamental research.
00/01188 Research on coal reactivity: making a comparison between hydrogenation wlth H-donor solvent and thermogravlmetry In N1 atmosphere Feng, J. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Cotzf., 1998, 1356-1363. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. The study presented in this paper included seven different kinds of coals, ranging from lignite to anthracite. The experimental results demonstrate that the activation energy calculated from thermogravimetry and the amount of hydrogen transferred during the coal reaction with the hydrogendonor Tetralin were comparable. The canonical relation analysis was used to compare the two types of reactivities which were also shown to be comparable.
The hydroboration procedure can be easily carried out using boron hydride complex solution in THF. It is possible that THF plays different roles in the hydroboration process. For example, it might permit the bulk reaction by partial dissolution of coal. However, structural changes caused by the dissolution of coal in THF might interfere with those caused by hydroboration. In order to exclude the overlapping of the reactions and to detect the exact role of THF solution in hydroboration, the preliminary THF extraction was conducted. Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coal was extracted and subsequently hydroborated. Proximate and ultimate analysis for all samples was carried out. A number of parameters, such as apparent aromaticity and carbon distribution, obtained by using ‘sC NMR spectroscopy were detected to track the changes in coal structure caused by hydroboration. All data were compared with results of the same analysis of samples, which did not undergo preliminary THF extraction. It can be concluded from the results obtained that preliminary THF extraction does not make hydroboration reaction easier. In contrast it was shown to disturb and suppress hydroboration.
00/01190 The relationship between coal quality and coal resource parameters of Powder River and Wllliston Basin Coal, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota Ellis, M. S. Proc. - Annu. Inr. Pirrshwgh Cod Con/:, 1998. 1480-148X. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference. University of Pittsburgh. The mines in the northern Rocky Mountain and Great Plains region provides clean, compliant coal that is utilized as fuel for coal-fired power plants in 26 states. In 1997 more than 30% of the USA’s production was from Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming. It has been estimated that by 2015 the production of clean, compliant coal from the region is will increase to 415 million short tons. Studies in this region indicate a relationship between percentage sulfur and ash and pounds of Soaper million Btu and the resource parameters of coal thickness and overburden. The observed trends indicate that both coal quality and thickness and associated rocks are controlled by paleoenvironment and depositional setting.
Preparation
00/01187 The direct determination of the forms of sulohur In coal using microwave dlgestlon aid i.c.p.-a.e.s. analysjs Laban, K. L. and Atkin, B. P. Fuel. 2000. 79. (2). 173-l 80. A sequential digestion method is’reported for the direct determination of sulfate, pyrite and organic sulfur concentrations in coals of either bituminous or sub-bituminous rank. A three-stage extraction was developed, using acid digestion in a microwave oven. In the first stage, 5 M HCl is used to dissolve sulfate phases in the coal. Pyrite is then extracted from the stage 1 residue using 2 M HNOs. The final stage, for the determination of organic sulfur, involves the use of concentrated HNOs, HCI, HF and boric acid for the complete decomposition of residue that remains following stage 2. The extract solutions from each stage are rapidly analysed for sulfur using i.c.p.-a.e.s. The sums of the three forms of sulfur have shown consistent agreement with certified total sulfur data for most of the coals studied. This correlation, in addition to the good precision achieved by this technique, suggests that the sequential digestion method is reliable. Furthermore, significant time savings are achievable over some of the standard techniques demonstrating the suitability of the method for routine analyses.
00101188 The lmpre natlon effect on low and middle rank coals structure reorganlzatBon and their behavior during pyrolysis Shevkoplyas, V. N. and Saranchuk, V. I. Fuel, 2000. 79. (5). 557-565. Main structural parameters of low and middle rank coals and genesis (Cd”’ = 64.3-87.2%) were determined by method of X-ray diffraction. The interrelation between structural parameters (LE. L,,, A//& and carbon content (Cdur) of coal was found. It is determined that impregnating of coals by 1 M of inorganic substance solution (KOH. CaO, HCI) and water leads to a change in the initial coal structure and is determined by a reagent nature. Data of IR-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction for parent and impregnated coals suggest that the effect of inorganic substances on coal involves substitution of free acid group protons with metal (K, Ca) cations and a rupture of C-O-C and C-C bonds takes place as well as rupture of organo-mineral bonds (O-Me-O), sulfide bridges and a destruction of cation-forming complexed (HCI). The influence of extraplanar deformational vibrations of CHl- and CHs-bonds of carbon skeleton with a successive redistribution of aromatic and aliphatic fragments in coal structure is increased. The correlation between the degree of interlayer ordering (h//& of parent and impregnated coals and the pyrolysis liquid products at a temperature of 500°C was found. It was shown that coals impregnated in the course of pyrolysis increases the liquid products yield, 1.5-2.0times. in comparison with untreated coals. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data were used to determine the energies of activation (&I) for some coals. The correlation between TGA and X-ray diffraction data was found.
00/01189 The Influence of prellmlnary THF extractlon of coals with different rank on coal hydroboratlon Korobetskaya,
E. I. and Schobert, H. H. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Cor$. 1998, 1300-1307. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh.
00/01191 A corn arlson of the influence of wetting heat with contact angle In Plotatlon Zhu, S. Proe. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Cod Conf., 1998, 1376-1378. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. Coal surface hydrophobicicty and coal flotation yields are related. The contact angle is generally used as an index for floatability. The influence of contact angle with wetting heat on flotation results from 16 Chinese coals is compared in this paper. It was found that the correlation of wetting heat is much better than that of contact angle in evaluation of coal floatability. Three levels of wetting heat values have been proposed to classify coal floatability.
00101192 A method and an apparatus for upgrading a solid material Conochie, D. S. PCT Int. Appl. WO 99 10,079 (Cl. BOlD43/00), 4 Mar 1999, AU Appl. 9718,766, 25 Aug 1997. 25. This paper discloses a method and an apparatus for upgrading solid materials. The method involves the solid material being heated to an elevated temperature to remove water and thereafter cooling the upgraded solid material. The method includes providing a plurality of vessels containing packed beds of the solid material and 21 heat exchange circuit for heating and cooling the solid material in the packed beds in the vessels by heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid. The method is controlled so that the solid material in a first group of the vessels in at 2 1 stages of a heating cycle and the solid material in a second group of vessels is at 2 1 stages of a cooling cycle. Specifically, the method is controlled by selectively connecting 2 1 heat exchange circuit to the vessels so that the heat transfer fluid recovers heat from the solid material undergoing the cooling cycle in 2 1 of the vessels in the first group and the recovered heat is transferred to the solid material undergoing the heating cycle in 1 1 of the vessels in the second group.
00/01193 A.p.-t.p.r. Investigation of the effect of nitric acid leaching on the sulphur distribution in coal Van Aelst, J. Fuel, 2000. 79, (5). 537-544. The effect of nitric acid leaching on the sulfur distribution in Emma and Mequinenza coal was studied here, as previous work demonstrated and nitric acid was able to remove more than just inorganic sulfur under certain experimental conditions. In contrast with standard methods, in which nitric acid is used to remove pyritic sulfur, atmospheric pressure-temperature programmed reduction (a.p.-t.p.r.) was used to specify which organic sulfur functionalities are easily removed by nitric acid treatment, and which are more difficult to remove.
00101194 An experimental study on desulfuriratlon of highsulfur coal slime wlth free jet flotation column Xie, H. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pirrshurgh Coal Cotzc. 1998. 1416-1424. Pittsburgh Coal Conference. University of Pittsburgh.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2000
15th
137