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01216 Coal mining industry restructuring in Poland: Implications for the domestic and international coal markets
01 Solid fuels (economics, business, marketing, policy)
The effect of energy dissipation on coarse particle
00101207
flotation Hui, S. and Ahmed, Process. Smp.
N. Innovations Miner. Cool Process.. Proc. Int. Miner. 7th, 1998. 113-I 18. Edited by Atak S.; Onal G.; Celik M. S.
Balkema: Rotterdam, The Netherlands. An experimental investigation was carried out into the effect of power input on the recovery of coarse particles by flotation. It is possible to achieve complete suspension of the particles at two power levels, by modifying the geometry and hence the hydrodynamics, of a standard mixing vessel. Results are reported for the effect of energy dissipation on flotation recovery for particles up to 600 pm (r.d. 2.5). The results show that better flotation performance is obtained in more quiescent conditions only for particles greater than 450 pm. At a lower collector concentration however, the effect of power input becomes evident at lower particle sizes.
00/01208 Thermodynamic analysis for chemical desulfuriration of pyrite in coal Yi, P. Mrirnn Zhrronhrru. 1999. 22, (I). 47-52. (In Chinese) Meitan Zhuanhua Bianjibu. Thermodynamic analysis of chemical desulfurization of pyrite in coal was carried out. The results suggest that pyrite in the gas-solid phase is of high thermal stability, both reduction and desulfurization of pyrite are thermodynamically controlled reactions that occur only at high temperatures.
00/01212 Pressure drop prediction in hydraulic transport of bldispersed particles of coal and copper ore in pipeline Ghanta, K. C. and Purohit, N. K. Clm. J. Chmr. Eng.. 1999, 77, (I), 127131. Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering. Pressure drop prediction in hydraulic transport studies with coal and copper ore were carried out in a 0.0254 m and a 0.019 m diameter pipeline to observe the effect of solids concentration, surface characteristics and particle size distribution. The coarse coal showed a lower pressure drop than the fines at any velocity of suspension, whereas copper ore, exhibited the opposite trend. It was observed that the pressure drop for hydraulic transportation of bi-dispersed particles is a minimum at certain weight proportions of coarse to fines, as compared to that for the transportation of either of the single size. The experimental results have been used to develop an empirical expression for the prediction of pressure gradient.
00101213 The CWM flowing characteristics in pipeline Huangfu, J. Proc. - Annu. fnt. Pirt.rhrrrgh Cod Cot$, 1998. 1401-1409. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference. University of Pittsburgh. The characteristics of coal water mixture (CWM)flowing in pipelines are examined. It has been discovered that the thickness of slide layer is generally very thin and is irrelevant to the pipe diameter. The influence of the slide layer decreases with increasing pipe diameter, thus for large pipelines, the slide layer has an insignificant influence.
Economics, business, marketing, policy Transport,
storage 00/01214
00101209 Coal log pipeline for twenty-first century coal transportation Marrero, T. R. Proc. - Annu. fnr. Pirtshurgh Cod Con/:, 1998, 610-621. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. Coal log pipeline technology is reviewed. During the first years of the twenty-first century coal log pipeline (CLP) technology will be able to transport coal long distances. Some recent developments are as follows: optimization of coal log compaction procedures, construction of a unique coal log prototype manufacturing machine, and its testing. A discussion is also included on coal log abrasion that occurs during the transportation of coal through water-filled pipelines. A CLP pilot plant is currently under construction at the University of Missouri. It appears that for certain routes in the United States a CLP system would be cost-competitive.
00/01210
Coal slurry pipeline based Midwest fuel hub
Huettenhain, H. Pro<,. - Anmc. lnr. Pirrshwgh Cod Confi, 1998, 307. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. Low sulfur Powder River Basin (PRB) coal is a sought after fuel, as it complies with year 2000 emission regulation for utility boilers. However, east of the Mississippi PRB coal is presently not competitive because of railroad switching requirements and boiler designs not compatible with the PRB fuel characteristics. The use of the Lakes for transportation is an exception. The shipping lanes in the lakes are only open for some of the year though. It is proposed to the construction a coal slurry pipeline from the centre of Wyoming coal fields to a hub near Detroit has been proposed. The coal slurry pipeline will transport up to 25 million tonnes per year of fine PRB coal which was removed from the conventionally transported coal, namely coal transported by rail. The system fits the Department of Energy’s Vision 21 concept to mine and utilize coal in high efficient systems and with the least environmental impact. The PRB coal is of subbituminous rank and not directly compatible with the boilers in either Michigan, Indiana or Ohio area, which are designed to burn bituminous coal. Upgrading of the PRB coal using the hydrothermal slurry upgrading process can transform the PRB coal into a higher BTU content fuel by removing a large portion of the inherent moisture. Such upgraded PRB coal has proven an excellent reactive fuel when burnt conventionally as PC fuel, or even when burnt in slurry form as coal water fuel (CWF). The cost of the process can be recovered when the process is combined with a coal slurry pipeline transport system. The result is an upgraded competitive fuel or fuels, which can be used for co-firing or re-burning applications to reduce sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide emissions of utility boilers. The fuels can be powdered for direct fuel injection into boilers or blast furnaces as well as CWF. If the upgraded PRB coal is stable enough, it could also be dewatered and prepared for export. This paper also reports on reactions from the industries, which could play a role in the complex system, namely, coal mining companies railroads, pipeline operators, fuel suppliers, and utilities.
00/01211
Hydraulic behavior of coal log in coal slurry pipeline
Lin, Y. Huagong Kuongwu Yu Jiagong, 1999, 28, (I), 9-12. (In Chinese) Huagong Kuangwu Yu Jiagong Bianjibu. The laboratory results of coal log transportation in coal slurry pipelines are introduced in this paper. The coal log incipient velocity, life-off velocity and attack angle were functions of concentrations of coal slurry and aspect ratios of coal logs. The coal log velocity and pressure gradient of pipe are also related to the aspect ratios of coal logs and concentrations of coal slurry.
Are IGCC power plants competitive?
Pruschek, R. VGB Tech. Ver. G~oss~roftll~erk.Fhcrr.. [ Tqgungshcv.] VGBTB. 1998. A4/1-A4/13. A study of integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants, with specific reference to efficiency enhancement and cost reductions of coal. With the gas turbine-generator V94.3A and described market conditions, the IGCC 98 power plant is competitive to modern PF steam power plants. A discussion is also included on future IGCC concepts and further improvements in efficiency.
00101215 Characterization of coal fly as from Israel Nathan, Y. Fuel. 1998. 78, (2). 205-213. Elsevier Science Ltd. It is only relatively recently that coal has been usedin electric power plants in Israel (1982); however, in 1996, the Hadera and Ashqelon power plants had produced approximately 850,000 tons of fly ash. Most ash was used as an additive to clinker (cement). Nevertheless, owing to increases in the production of electricity, the amount of ash produced will increase proportionally. By the year 2000 it had been predicted that 1.2 million tons of coal ash would have been produced. Since 800,000 tons of ash is the maximum that can be added to clinker under present legislation, this means considerable quantities of ash (=400,000 tons/year) will have to be used in As a other ways or disposed off without polluting the environment. consequence, a large national program was conducted to characterize coal ash produced in Israel and study the potential toxic effect of coal ash leachate on groundwater and soil. In particular, two compliance tests were studied: the European CENmC192 and the US TCLP 1311 methods. Results demonstrated that the TCLP 1311 method is more appropriate to test alkaline coal fly ash produced in Israel. Fine particles, especially the very fine particles (cl I’m) in coal fly ash, play a vital role above their weight concentration due to their large active surface area. This is significant for both leaching and physical properties. A computerized scanning electron microscope feature analysis was used to characterize these particles and determine their distribution among different small grain sizes in two industrial coal fly ashes. Despite the results not being quantified, they added considerable knowledge to the characterization of coal fly ash.
00/01216 Coal mining industry restructuring in Poland: implications for the domestic and international coal markets Blaschke, W. and Gawlik, L. Applied Energy, 1999. 64. (l-4). 453-456. The paper describes the efforts to improve the profitability of the Polish hard-coal industry. The experience of seven years of restructuring programmes shows that the industry has to reduce the number of existing coal mines. Coal production in Poland will decrease and coal will no longer be the cheap source of energy. The final shape of hard-coal industry will force the change in energy balance of Poland and will change the position of Polish coal in the international coal market.
00/01217 Coal-fired electricity, environmental regulation, and domestic coal markets Attanasi, E. D. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittshwgh Coal Conf... 1998, 1342-1445. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. During the next decade, utilities will have to effectively separate their power generation business from other regulated functions. In the year 2000, tighter restrictions of sulfur emissions will occur but as of 1996 only 30% of US coal-fired electricity generation capacity had flue-gas scrubbers. New emission standards would likely accelerate the shift to low sulfur coal, as the competitive pressures of power markets will restrict capital for investment.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2009
139
The effect of energy dissipation on coarse particle
00101207
flotation Hui, S. and Ahmed, Process. Smp.
N. Innovations Miner. Cool Process.. Proc. Int. Miner. 7th, 1998. 113-I 18. Edited by Atak S.; Onal G.; Celik M. S.
Balkema: Rotterdam, The Netherlands. An experimental investigation was carried out into the effect of power input on the recovery of coarse particles by flotation. It is possible to achieve complete suspension of the particles at two power levels, by modifying the geometry and hence the hydrodynamics, of a standard mixing vessel. Results are reported for the effect of energy dissipation on flotation recovery for particles up to 600 pm (r.d. 2.5). The results show that better flotation performance is obtained in more quiescent conditions only for particles greater than 450 pm. At a lower collector concentration however, the effect of power input becomes evident at lower particle sizes.
00/01208 Thermodynamic analysis for chemical desulfuriration of pyrite in coal Yi, P. Mrirnn Zhrronhrru. 1999. 22, (I). 47-52. (In Chinese) Meitan Zhuanhua Bianjibu. Thermodynamic analysis of chemical desulfurization of pyrite in coal was carried out. The results suggest that pyrite in the gas-solid phase is of high thermal stability, both reduction and desulfurization of pyrite are thermodynamically controlled reactions that occur only at high temperatures.
00/01212 Pressure drop prediction in hydraulic transport of bldispersed particles of coal and copper ore in pipeline Ghanta, K. C. and Purohit, N. K. Clm. J. Chmr. Eng.. 1999, 77, (I), 127131. Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering. Pressure drop prediction in hydraulic transport studies with coal and copper ore were carried out in a 0.0254 m and a 0.019 m diameter pipeline to observe the effect of solids concentration, surface characteristics and particle size distribution. The coarse coal showed a lower pressure drop than the fines at any velocity of suspension, whereas copper ore, exhibited the opposite trend. It was observed that the pressure drop for hydraulic transportation of bi-dispersed particles is a minimum at certain weight proportions of coarse to fines, as compared to that for the transportation of either of the single size. The experimental results have been used to develop an empirical expression for the prediction of pressure gradient.
00101213 The CWM flowing characteristics in pipeline Huangfu, J. Proc. - Annu. fnt. Pirt.rhrrrgh Cod Cot$, 1998. 1401-1409. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference. University of Pittsburgh. The characteristics of coal water mixture (CWM)flowing in pipelines are examined. It has been discovered that the thickness of slide layer is generally very thin and is irrelevant to the pipe diameter. The influence of the slide layer decreases with increasing pipe diameter, thus for large pipelines, the slide layer has an insignificant influence.
Economics, business, marketing, policy Transport,
storage 00/01214
00101209 Coal log pipeline for twenty-first century coal transportation Marrero, T. R. Proc. - Annu. fnr. Pirtshurgh Cod Con/:, 1998, 610-621. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. Coal log pipeline technology is reviewed. During the first years of the twenty-first century coal log pipeline (CLP) technology will be able to transport coal long distances. Some recent developments are as follows: optimization of coal log compaction procedures, construction of a unique coal log prototype manufacturing machine, and its testing. A discussion is also included on coal log abrasion that occurs during the transportation of coal through water-filled pipelines. A CLP pilot plant is currently under construction at the University of Missouri. It appears that for certain routes in the United States a CLP system would be cost-competitive.
00/01210
Coal slurry pipeline based Midwest fuel hub
Huettenhain, H. Pro<,. - Anmc. lnr. Pirrshwgh Cod Confi, 1998, 307. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. Low sulfur Powder River Basin (PRB) coal is a sought after fuel, as it complies with year 2000 emission regulation for utility boilers. However, east of the Mississippi PRB coal is presently not competitive because of railroad switching requirements and boiler designs not compatible with the PRB fuel characteristics. The use of the Lakes for transportation is an exception. The shipping lanes in the lakes are only open for some of the year though. It is proposed to the construction a coal slurry pipeline from the centre of Wyoming coal fields to a hub near Detroit has been proposed. The coal slurry pipeline will transport up to 25 million tonnes per year of fine PRB coal which was removed from the conventionally transported coal, namely coal transported by rail. The system fits the Department of Energy’s Vision 21 concept to mine and utilize coal in high efficient systems and with the least environmental impact. The PRB coal is of subbituminous rank and not directly compatible with the boilers in either Michigan, Indiana or Ohio area, which are designed to burn bituminous coal. Upgrading of the PRB coal using the hydrothermal slurry upgrading process can transform the PRB coal into a higher BTU content fuel by removing a large portion of the inherent moisture. Such upgraded PRB coal has proven an excellent reactive fuel when burnt conventionally as PC fuel, or even when burnt in slurry form as coal water fuel (CWF). The cost of the process can be recovered when the process is combined with a coal slurry pipeline transport system. The result is an upgraded competitive fuel or fuels, which can be used for co-firing or re-burning applications to reduce sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide emissions of utility boilers. The fuels can be powdered for direct fuel injection into boilers or blast furnaces as well as CWF. If the upgraded PRB coal is stable enough, it could also be dewatered and prepared for export. This paper also reports on reactions from the industries, which could play a role in the complex system, namely, coal mining companies railroads, pipeline operators, fuel suppliers, and utilities.
00/01211
Hydraulic behavior of coal log in coal slurry pipeline
Lin, Y. Huagong Kuongwu Yu Jiagong, 1999, 28, (I), 9-12. (In Chinese) Huagong Kuangwu Yu Jiagong Bianjibu. The laboratory results of coal log transportation in coal slurry pipelines are introduced in this paper. The coal log incipient velocity, life-off velocity and attack angle were functions of concentrations of coal slurry and aspect ratios of coal logs. The coal log velocity and pressure gradient of pipe are also related to the aspect ratios of coal logs and concentrations of coal slurry.
Are IGCC power plants competitive?
Pruschek, R. VGB Tech. Ver. G~oss~roftll~erk.Fhcrr.. [ Tqgungshcv.] VGBTB. 1998. A4/1-A4/13. A study of integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants, with specific reference to efficiency enhancement and cost reductions of coal. With the gas turbine-generator V94.3A and described market conditions, the IGCC 98 power plant is competitive to modern PF steam power plants. A discussion is also included on future IGCC concepts and further improvements in efficiency.
00101215 Characterization of coal fly as from Israel Nathan, Y. Fuel. 1998. 78, (2). 205-213. Elsevier Science Ltd. It is only relatively recently that coal has been usedin electric power plants in Israel (1982); however, in 1996, the Hadera and Ashqelon power plants had produced approximately 850,000 tons of fly ash. Most ash was used as an additive to clinker (cement). Nevertheless, owing to increases in the production of electricity, the amount of ash produced will increase proportionally. By the year 2000 it had been predicted that 1.2 million tons of coal ash would have been produced. Since 800,000 tons of ash is the maximum that can be added to clinker under present legislation, this means considerable quantities of ash (=400,000 tons/year) will have to be used in As a other ways or disposed off without polluting the environment. consequence, a large national program was conducted to characterize coal ash produced in Israel and study the potential toxic effect of coal ash leachate on groundwater and soil. In particular, two compliance tests were studied: the European CENmC192 and the US TCLP 1311 methods. Results demonstrated that the TCLP 1311 method is more appropriate to test alkaline coal fly ash produced in Israel. Fine particles, especially the very fine particles (cl I’m) in coal fly ash, play a vital role above their weight concentration due to their large active surface area. This is significant for both leaching and physical properties. A computerized scanning electron microscope feature analysis was used to characterize these particles and determine their distribution among different small grain sizes in two industrial coal fly ashes. Despite the results not being quantified, they added considerable knowledge to the characterization of coal fly ash.
00/01216 Coal mining industry restructuring in Poland: implications for the domestic and international coal markets Blaschke, W. and Gawlik, L. Applied Energy, 1999. 64. (l-4). 453-456. The paper describes the efforts to improve the profitability of the Polish hard-coal industry. The experience of seven years of restructuring programmes shows that the industry has to reduce the number of existing coal mines. Coal production in Poland will decrease and coal will no longer be the cheap source of energy. The final shape of hard-coal industry will force the change in energy balance of Poland and will change the position of Polish coal in the international coal market.
00/01217 Coal-fired electricity, environmental regulation, and domestic coal markets Attanasi, E. D. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittshwgh Coal Conf... 1998, 1342-1445. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. During the next decade, utilities will have to effectively separate their power generation business from other regulated functions. In the year 2000, tighter restrictions of sulfur emissions will occur but as of 1996 only 30% of US coal-fired electricity generation capacity had flue-gas scrubbers. New emission standards would likely accelerate the shift to low sulfur coal, as the competitive pressures of power markets will restrict capital for investment.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2009
139