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CO2 combustion-applied pulverized coal-fired power plant for CO2 recovery
15 Environment research was highly temperature dependent. The experimental design requires additional work, in order to evaluate the loading of high-carbon ash samples, especially the phenomenon of sorptive capacity regeneration. 00/01597 Mine explosions and characteristics of remediation of their consequences Retyunskikh, V. A. and Aleinikova, G. M. C/go/’ Ukr.. 1999, 9, 31-34. (In Russian) Tekhnika. Presented are the case histories of accidental explosions that occurred at several coal mines in Donbass, Ukraine. The causes behind and the consequences of the explosions, and the rescue operations are described. Recommendations are also provided on safety measures in operations involved in the closure of non-profitable mines, 00/01598 Natural gas is key to fossil fuel CO? global warming mitigation Steinberg, M. Prepr. Sw~p.~~~Am. Chem. SW.. Div. Fuel C/tern., 1999. 44. (I), 66-70. American Chemical Society. Division of Fuel Chemistry. A variety of carbon dioxide mitigation technologies are discussed, including the reuse of emitted carbon dioxide, possible ideas for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the US and subsequent global warming mitigation. Additional topics analysed in this paper include, the substitution of natural gas for coal in electric power generation, using natural gas instead of oil in automotive transportation, the Carnol system for preserving the coal industry for electric power production and reducing oil consumption by substituting CH7 OH in the transportation sector and also the economics of natural gas displacing coal and oil in many energy producing systems. 00101599 New findings on combustion behavior of oxygenated synthetic diesel fuels Beatrice, C. Comhusr. Sci. Techd., 1998. 137, (l-6), 31-50. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers. New results were obtained on the evolution of pollutants during the combustion of four oxygenated fuels, which were compared with ntetradecane and n-octane combustion. Three different techniques were adopted on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine, equipped with optical accesses, two-colour pyrometry for the measurement of in-cylinder soot loading, high speed cinematography for the visualization and analysis of spray and combustion and fast sampling valve for the measurements of in-cylinder combustion products. In particular, the sampling line downstream of the fast sampling valve was adapted for the in-cylinder aldehydes measurements. Heat release analysis and fast sampling valve have shown that the carbon dioxide formation rate and heat release rate during the diffusion phase of combustion increased with the fuel oxygen content. Octyl alcohol acetylene concentrations are influenced by fuel cetane number and oxygen content but at the same fuel cetane number, they decrease when oxygen content increases. In-cylinder aldehydes concentrations are connected with premixed phase fraction of combustion and then influenced by fuel cetane number. The combustion of n-tetradecane fuel demonstrated to be different in comparison, a high burning rate and low visible flame distribution were observed through high speed cinematographic tests, when oxygenated fuels were burned. The combustion behaviour of ethers and glycol ethers were compared in in-cylinder soot loading. The glycol ethers demonstrated a lower soot loading at the same fuel oxygen content. 00101600 O&O2 combustion-applied pulverized coal-fired power plant for COz recovery Yamada, T. Ishikal~crjirncr-Horintrr Giho, 1999, 39, (I), 29-34. (In Japanese) Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo K. K. Gijutsu Honbu Kanribu. Internationally, there is a growing concern about reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Fossil fuel-fired power plants are currently being targeted as a source of CO2 emissions that are resulting in environmental problems. To improve this situation, it is necessary to advance the study of Oz/COz combustion-applied pulverized coal-fired power plant for COz recovery. The beneficial characteristics of this power plant system include its effective Oz/COz combustion, gas recirculation, and pressure control in the furnace through use of CO* compressors and oxygen concentration controls at several points. The possibility of a practical application and the safety of the system were confirmed after plant simulation and investigations. ~~ll$Ol
Prediction
of methane
concentrations
in mine drift
Gtradushchii, B. A. Ugol’ likr.. 1997, 9. 42-45. (In Russian) Tekhnika. Using the mechanisms governing the changes (with distance from a drift shaft) in methane flow from under- and over the adjacent working stratums and gas-bearing rocks, in air loss, and in the oxygen content of these stratums and rocks. In addition, the information on the size of a zone of possible propagation of fire and fire gases with temperature above the ignition point of the methane-air mixtures. Also developed was a method that can be used for predicting the explosion hazard of methane-air mixtures during fires in mine drift shafts. This paper provide an example of the prediction calculations is. 00101602 Rapid detection of petroleum hydrocarbon and waters Wagner, P. UFZ-Bcr. 1998. 21. 39-45. (In German)
in soils
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
The rapid detection of hydrocarbons, such as petroleum in soils and waters using a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is described. Moreover, the calibration of the system is exemplified on LIF spectra of diesel taking into consideration the matrix effect of different types of soil. OOlO1603 Shading effects due to nearby buildings and energy implications Lam, J. C. Ettcrg! Conwrs. Manuge. 2000. 41. (7). 6477659. This paper investigates the shading effects due to neighbouring buildings in seven main business districts in Hong Kong. A total of 120 commercial buildings have been selected in the survey. It has been found that the degree of shading at the local peak design condition (i.e. 15:OO July) ranges from 25 to 31%. The older and more established districts tend to have slightly higher degrees of shading. Computer simulation techniques using the DOE-2.1E building energy program and a generic office building have been employed to analyse the amounts of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) plant oversizing (as a result of solar heat overestimation) and to assess the likely energy penalty. It has been found that the total building cooling load is overestimated by about 2%. The corresponding plant oversizing seems to be marginal, and the impacts on the total building energy budget are not significant. Implications for energy efficiency in the design of commercial buildings are discussed and further research and development work is suggested. 00/01604 Studies on diversity of CO*-fixing microorganisms and their application for re-organization of carbon dioxide Igarashi, Y. Biotechnol. Susrrrinuhle Uril. Bid. Rmour. Trap., 1997, I I, 200203. Osaka University. International Center for Biotechnology. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been continuously increasing in recent years, which may cause severe environmental destruction on the earth. The main cause of this problem is ascertained to be the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or petroleum, which were probably produced by biological carbon dioxide fixation in ancient times. Thus, the most promising way to solve this environmental dilemma seems to be the conversion of carbon dioxide to organic compounds with the aid of biological processes. Biological re-organization of carbon dioxide is also significant from the aspect of supplying food and feed on this planet, The fixation of carbon dioxide by microorganisms living in various environments such as thermal, saline or acidic/alkaline areas in Japan has been studied and the findings are presented in this paper. 00/01605 Studies on incidence of malignant tumor in workers exposed to dust in a mine in 30 years Qin, X. Zhonghua Y+zng Yixue Zozhi, 1998. 32, (6), 349-351. (In Chinese) Zhonghua Yixuehui Zazhishe. A cohort study was carried out on the incidence of malignant tumours in 16711 workers exposed to dust in a mine during the past 30 years. In fist place was the incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers, with an SMR (standardized morbidity ratio) of 2.648, as compared with that of nonexposed workers. Incidence of lung cancer in the dust-exposed workers with a longer duration of employment was significantly higher than in those with s shorter one. It was also shown that exposed workers with a wet operation mode had a lower incidence of lung cancer compared with those in dry mode operation. Workers exposed to dust had a higher percentage of malignant tumours especially lung cancer, which could be a potential risk factor contributing to carcinogenesis. 00101606 The evolution and development of Indiana’s program to regulate the disposal of coal combustion materials at surface coal mines Ehret, P. J. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coral Con/:. 1998, 189-196. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. In 1988, the Indiana General Assembly passed Public Law 103, which exempted coal combustion materials (CCM) disposal from solid waste. Regulations were administered by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management when disposal occurred at surface coal mines regulated by the Indiana Department of Natural Resource (IDNR) under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA). The reasoning behind the switch in authority to regulate CCM was that for a material that is generally non-hazardous, existing solid waste requirements associated with normal landfill regulations were viewed to be in excess. Memorandum 92-l was drafted by the IDNR as a policy guidance document instructing applicants for CCM disposal. The following topics are discussed in this paper, program requirements (Memorandum 92-l); basis of opposition; litigation status; State response and the new approach. 00101607 The nature of COa emission Kuznets curve Sun, J. W. Euergx PolicJs, 1999. 27, (12). 691-694. This paper reveals that CO? emission Kuznets curve merely reflects the peak-theory of energy intensity. The situation of real energy use should be used as a fundamental stone for both energy and environmental policymaking. 00101608 Trends of NO, and SO. emission decrease upon fueloriented usage of coal Gulemaliyev, A. M. and Golovina, N. G. Environ. I.~suc~s Wtrsre Mmcrge. Energy Miner. Prod.. Pror. Int. Synp.. S/h, 1998, 585-587. Edited by Pasamehmetoglu. A. G.; Ozgenoglu A. Balkema: Rotterdam. The Netherlands.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2000
177
Prediction
of methane
concentrations
in mine drift
Gtradushchii, B. A. Ugol’ likr.. 1997, 9. 42-45. (In Russian) Tekhnika. Using the mechanisms governing the changes (with distance from a drift shaft) in methane flow from under- and over the adjacent working stratums and gas-bearing rocks, in air loss, and in the oxygen content of these stratums and rocks. In addition, the information on the size of a zone of possible propagation of fire and fire gases with temperature above the ignition point of the methane-air mixtures. Also developed was a method that can be used for predicting the explosion hazard of methane-air mixtures during fires in mine drift shafts. This paper provide an example of the prediction calculations is. 00101602 Rapid detection of petroleum hydrocarbon and waters Wagner, P. UFZ-Bcr. 1998. 21. 39-45. (In German)
in soils
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
The rapid detection of hydrocarbons, such as petroleum in soils and waters using a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is described. Moreover, the calibration of the system is exemplified on LIF spectra of diesel taking into consideration the matrix effect of different types of soil. OOlO1603 Shading effects due to nearby buildings and energy implications Lam, J. C. Ettcrg! Conwrs. Manuge. 2000. 41. (7). 6477659. This paper investigates the shading effects due to neighbouring buildings in seven main business districts in Hong Kong. A total of 120 commercial buildings have been selected in the survey. It has been found that the degree of shading at the local peak design condition (i.e. 15:OO July) ranges from 25 to 31%. The older and more established districts tend to have slightly higher degrees of shading. Computer simulation techniques using the DOE-2.1E building energy program and a generic office building have been employed to analyse the amounts of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) plant oversizing (as a result of solar heat overestimation) and to assess the likely energy penalty. It has been found that the total building cooling load is overestimated by about 2%. The corresponding plant oversizing seems to be marginal, and the impacts on the total building energy budget are not significant. Implications for energy efficiency in the design of commercial buildings are discussed and further research and development work is suggested. 00/01604 Studies on diversity of CO*-fixing microorganisms and their application for re-organization of carbon dioxide Igarashi, Y. Biotechnol. Susrrrinuhle Uril. Bid. Rmour. Trap., 1997, I I, 200203. Osaka University. International Center for Biotechnology. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been continuously increasing in recent years, which may cause severe environmental destruction on the earth. The main cause of this problem is ascertained to be the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or petroleum, which were probably produced by biological carbon dioxide fixation in ancient times. Thus, the most promising way to solve this environmental dilemma seems to be the conversion of carbon dioxide to organic compounds with the aid of biological processes. Biological re-organization of carbon dioxide is also significant from the aspect of supplying food and feed on this planet, The fixation of carbon dioxide by microorganisms living in various environments such as thermal, saline or acidic/alkaline areas in Japan has been studied and the findings are presented in this paper. 00/01605 Studies on incidence of malignant tumor in workers exposed to dust in a mine in 30 years Qin, X. Zhonghua Y+zng Yixue Zozhi, 1998. 32, (6), 349-351. (In Chinese) Zhonghua Yixuehui Zazhishe. A cohort study was carried out on the incidence of malignant tumours in 16711 workers exposed to dust in a mine during the past 30 years. In fist place was the incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers, with an SMR (standardized morbidity ratio) of 2.648, as compared with that of nonexposed workers. Incidence of lung cancer in the dust-exposed workers with a longer duration of employment was significantly higher than in those with s shorter one. It was also shown that exposed workers with a wet operation mode had a lower incidence of lung cancer compared with those in dry mode operation. Workers exposed to dust had a higher percentage of malignant tumours especially lung cancer, which could be a potential risk factor contributing to carcinogenesis. 00101606 The evolution and development of Indiana’s program to regulate the disposal of coal combustion materials at surface coal mines Ehret, P. J. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coral Con/:. 1998, 189-196. 15th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh. In 1988, the Indiana General Assembly passed Public Law 103, which exempted coal combustion materials (CCM) disposal from solid waste. Regulations were administered by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management when disposal occurred at surface coal mines regulated by the Indiana Department of Natural Resource (IDNR) under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA). The reasoning behind the switch in authority to regulate CCM was that for a material that is generally non-hazardous, existing solid waste requirements associated with normal landfill regulations were viewed to be in excess. Memorandum 92-l was drafted by the IDNR as a policy guidance document instructing applicants for CCM disposal. The following topics are discussed in this paper, program requirements (Memorandum 92-l); basis of opposition; litigation status; State response and the new approach. 00101607 The nature of COa emission Kuznets curve Sun, J. W. Euergx PolicJs, 1999. 27, (12). 691-694. This paper reveals that CO? emission Kuznets curve merely reflects the peak-theory of energy intensity. The situation of real energy use should be used as a fundamental stone for both energy and environmental policymaking. 00101608 Trends of NO, and SO. emission decrease upon fueloriented usage of coal Gulemaliyev, A. M. and Golovina, N. G. Environ. I.~suc~s Wtrsre Mmcrge. Energy Miner. Prod.. Pror. Int. Synp.. S/h, 1998, 585-587. Edited by Pasamehmetoglu. A. G.; Ozgenoglu A. Balkema: Rotterdam. The Netherlands.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2000
177