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01691 An overview of coal exploration and development activity in Queensland during 1998–1999
0 I Solid fuels (derived so/id fuels)
00/01667 The coal seam gas potential of the walloon coal measures Scott. S. G. and Crosdale, P. J. QGMJ. 1999. 100. (I 177). 6 IO. The Queensland coal seam gas industry has grown over the past 12 years. during which time the vast majority of exploration wells have targeted the Late Permian coal measures in the Bowen and Galilee Basins. Conventional wisdom has always been that coals within the Jurassic section are immature for coal seam gas generation. Recent work in the Powder River Basin in the USA has shown that a commercial industry can be created from low-rank coal\.
IX{;:688
The extraction of sulfate sulfur from coals by organic
Goswami, U. fi-f‘r,c,/Prr~( (‘$.t. 7‘~~~~/mr)/.1999. 5X. (2-3). IO& I OX. Sulfate sulfurs in coals can be detected using organic acids, namely oxalic acid. acetic acid and tartaric acid. The results have heen compared with those of the ASTM HCI method. It has been discovered that 0.5 M tartaric acid is a suitable reagent by which sulfate sulfur can he effectively extracted. Minor Increases of sulfate sulfur in the tartaric acid extraction over that of HCI extraction may be correlated with the soluhility of sulfate minerals which seem to be unleached with the mineral acid. This has been verified by studying the solubilities of gypsum and pyrite in the tartaric acid solution. As the concentration of tartaric acid increases, the solubilities of gypsum and sulfate obtained from pyrite also increases. The variation of sulfate sulfur content in the extractions of 05 M tartaric acid and 4.8 M HCI is not significant.
00/01689 The role of surfactant adsorption in the improved dewaterlng of fine coal Singh, B. P. FI,<,/. 1999. 7X. (4). 501 506. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms for cationic and anionic surfactants on coal surface are analysed in this paper. There was rapid absorption from both types of surfactants; although much higher levels of absorption were achieved with the cationic surfactant compared to the anionic one. The adsorption isotherms are of typical Langmuire type and employed for calculation of free energies. The results suggest that adsorption occurs through hydrophobic interaction in addition to electrostatic attraction between the surfactant molecules and the coal surface. It has been shown that the dewatering of coal particles can be improved by surfactant adsorption. These improvements have been attributed to the changes which surfactant adsorption causes in the wetting characteristics of the coal surfaces. The results obtained are evaluated in terms of surface effects and by reference to the Laplace-Young equation. Furthermore, for the quantification of the dewatering phenomena, this equation has been used.
00/01690 Water consumption-saving type flue gas desulfurization plant
business,
marketing,
policy
00/01691 An overview of coal exploration and development activity in Queensland during 1998-99 QG.I!J. 1999. 100. (I 177). ‘2~ 33 Exploration activitv during 19Y8-Y9 continued to decline to levels lower than those reached’in l9Y4-95. Delays in tenures processing resulting from the High Court Wik naive decision and low commodity prices have been the primary causes. New developments during the year included the expansion of the Burton coal mine, the successful start up of longwall mining production at Moranbah North and Newlands, expansion of longwall mining operations at Oaky Creek and the commencement of opencut operations at Coppabella. 00101692 Hard coal in Germany Braheck, A. and Hilligweg, G. Brrr~!,\t. l+‘tr~,rfi~~,-K~trfr. 1999. 5 I, (4). 35--39 (In German) This review is available on the internet http:l/www.technikwissen.de/bwk heading ‘Literaturverzeichnisse’. The main topics discussed include coal preparation, coking and heat and power generation. 00101693 Drozdnik,
New trends in the use of coals. Review I. D. K&v Klriru.. 1999. (I). 4-16. (In Russian)
are
pre\cntcd
fhc
paper
focu\cs
on
00/01694 The influence of the mining activity in the Oltenia region on the underground water resources and their quality Baican, G. R~~iro~t. Iv.vr~~\ M’cr\rr,,2frrmq~~ Ell?lYl LfffW~. P,or/.. Plw. Iur. SW/L 5/h. 1998. 337 342. In Oltenia’s area (Romania). lignite mining activity has aftected the hydrogeographical network and groundwater resource<. plus their regime and quality. Mining and dewatering works resulted in depression areas with negative effects on the environment and water tar localities and for socioeconomic objectives in area. A discussion i\ also included on the measurements taken to decrease negative effect\.
Derived
solid fuels
00/01695 Association behaviours of coal-derived materials in organic solvents lino, M. Pre/~. s>‘!np. .4rn. C/rc~,!r. S’I>, 1111, Fwl Clrcm. l99Y. 44. (I). 145--14X. This article review< the association ot co;il-derived materials based on solubility, viscosity. molecular weight, surface tension and smaII angle neutron scattering. A comparison between coal-derived materials and petroleum asphaltene\ in solution is al\o pre\ented. 00101696 Ca ion-exchanged coal char as H2S sorbent Garcia, B. and Takarada, T. I;r,c/. lYY9. 7X. (5). 573 5x1 In a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of YOO C C‘H>S removal using Ca ion-exchanged coal char was studied. For the Ion-exchange process a Yallourn, (Australian brown coal) was used. The CaO obtained from the pyrolysis of Ca ion-exchanged coal as finely dispersed in the char and much more reactive towards H2S than that from limestone. Ca ion-exchanged coal char demonstrated high H2S capture and almost no emission of HZS was ohserved in the earlier reaction stage. At a reaction time of I00 min. the Si Ca atomic ratio in Ca ion-exchanged coal char Increased to 1.2. This occurrence was a result of the H2S capture capacity of both the coal char itself and the CaO distrihuted in the char. The \orptton capacity of char was detected as I.5 mmo-H&g-char. The desulfurlzntion characteristics of calcined limestone were strongly dcpendcnt rm the particle size, whereas those of Ca ion-exchanged coal char H;I\ virtually Independent of the char particle size.
Changes in reactive surface area and porosity during char oxidation
00101697
Ochi, E. Jpn, Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 123.313 199 123.3131 (Cl. BOlD531 5O), 11 May 1999. Appl. 971288,173. 21 Ott 1997. 4. (In Japanese) The plant under discussion comprises a flue gas desulfurization apparatus, a gypsum separation apparatus for separating gypsum from a desulfurization slurry discharged out of the desulfurization apparatus, an evaporation apparatus for concentrating the desulfurization wastewater discharged out of the gypsum separation apparatus and a supply means for supplying the steam discharged out of the evaporation apparatus or its condensate to the desulfurization apparatus. The flue gas desulfurization process is carried out without the requirement of a large amount of external water and the wastewater is removed and suspended solid of the desulfurization concentrated. The primary purpose of this plant is for the desulfurization of flue gases emitted when petroleum and coal fuels are burnt.
Economics,
New trends in coal processing liquefaction and gasification.
Aarna, 1. and Suuberg, E. M. .SI~!T/I IJI~ c~f~irrhior [ Pi-oc.]. 199X. 2. 2933-2939. There has been a fundamental scientific interest in the intrinsic reactivity of coal chars for a long time, hut concern ahout this reactivity has increased in recent years. Both nitrogen BET and CO: surface areas are in common use for characterizing the surface areas available for reaction of chars under intrinsic reaction-rate control and zone II conditions. It i\ still not clear what the best choice of adsorptive is. This stud,y compares nitrogen, argon. and carbon dioxide to explore the porosily ot a subbituminous coal char burned off to differing extents in oxygen. nltrlc oxide, and carbon dioxide. The results confirm that reaction in zone II does not permit as effective opening up of microporosity. me\oporosity. and macroporosity as reaction under zone I conditions. From the results. it also appears that the microporous area might be utilized to a limited extent during reactions, as neither the size nor the population of micropores alters significantly over wide ranges of burn-off. This may have important implications for the normalization of reaction rates using the traditional surface-area measurements.
00101698 Effects of acidic oxidation on the porosity of coal waste-derived chars Haghseresht. F. and Lu. G. Q. (‘~v/I,vI. IYYY. 37 (41. 639 ~h46. This paper presents a study on the tftcct\ ~,f acidic oxidation and of coal wastc-derived carbonization temperature on the pore \tructures chars. The oxidation reactions were carrtcd out by rcfluxing coal reject various conditions. Treated and samples in nitric acid solution\ under untreated samples were then carbonized iat 600 Residence time. reaction temperature and acid concentration were varied to investigate their effects on the pore structure of the resultant chars. It was demcmstrated that acidic pre-treatment and pre-oxidation significantly enhanced the porosity of the carbonized coal reject samples. It was aIs\, found that the chemistry of the hrought about by acid pre-treatnitrogen-containing functional groups. ments, was dependent on the carbonization trmperature as opposed to the pre-treatment conditions.
00101699 NO, reduction by potassium-containing coal briquettes. Effect of NOP concentration Garcia-Garcia, A. Encrgl Fwf\. lYY9. I?. (1). JYY 505 This paper investigates the reactions of a potassium-containing bituminous coal briquette and the corresponding catalyst-free char with carying NO/O? mixtures temperatures between 300 and 325 c‘. Two techniques have been
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 2000
195
00/01667 The coal seam gas potential of the walloon coal measures Scott. S. G. and Crosdale, P. J. QGMJ. 1999. 100. (I 177). 6 IO. The Queensland coal seam gas industry has grown over the past 12 years. during which time the vast majority of exploration wells have targeted the Late Permian coal measures in the Bowen and Galilee Basins. Conventional wisdom has always been that coals within the Jurassic section are immature for coal seam gas generation. Recent work in the Powder River Basin in the USA has shown that a commercial industry can be created from low-rank coal\.
IX{;:688
The extraction of sulfate sulfur from coals by organic
Goswami, U. fi-f‘r,c,/Prr~( (‘$.t. 7‘~~~~/mr)/.1999. 5X. (2-3). IO& I OX. Sulfate sulfurs in coals can be detected using organic acids, namely oxalic acid. acetic acid and tartaric acid. The results have heen compared with those of the ASTM HCI method. It has been discovered that 0.5 M tartaric acid is a suitable reagent by which sulfate sulfur can he effectively extracted. Minor Increases of sulfate sulfur in the tartaric acid extraction over that of HCI extraction may be correlated with the soluhility of sulfate minerals which seem to be unleached with the mineral acid. This has been verified by studying the solubilities of gypsum and pyrite in the tartaric acid solution. As the concentration of tartaric acid increases, the solubilities of gypsum and sulfate obtained from pyrite also increases. The variation of sulfate sulfur content in the extractions of 05 M tartaric acid and 4.8 M HCI is not significant.
00/01689 The role of surfactant adsorption in the improved dewaterlng of fine coal Singh, B. P. FI,<,/. 1999. 7X. (4). 501 506. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms for cationic and anionic surfactants on coal surface are analysed in this paper. There was rapid absorption from both types of surfactants; although much higher levels of absorption were achieved with the cationic surfactant compared to the anionic one. The adsorption isotherms are of typical Langmuire type and employed for calculation of free energies. The results suggest that adsorption occurs through hydrophobic interaction in addition to electrostatic attraction between the surfactant molecules and the coal surface. It has been shown that the dewatering of coal particles can be improved by surfactant adsorption. These improvements have been attributed to the changes which surfactant adsorption causes in the wetting characteristics of the coal surfaces. The results obtained are evaluated in terms of surface effects and by reference to the Laplace-Young equation. Furthermore, for the quantification of the dewatering phenomena, this equation has been used.
00/01690 Water consumption-saving type flue gas desulfurization plant
business,
marketing,
policy
00/01691 An overview of coal exploration and development activity in Queensland during 1998-99 QG.I!J. 1999. 100. (I 177). ‘2~ 33 Exploration activitv during 19Y8-Y9 continued to decline to levels lower than those reached’in l9Y4-95. Delays in tenures processing resulting from the High Court Wik naive decision and low commodity prices have been the primary causes. New developments during the year included the expansion of the Burton coal mine, the successful start up of longwall mining production at Moranbah North and Newlands, expansion of longwall mining operations at Oaky Creek and the commencement of opencut operations at Coppabella. 00101692 Hard coal in Germany Braheck, A. and Hilligweg, G. Brrr~!,\t. l+‘tr~,rfi~~,-K~trfr. 1999. 5 I, (4). 35--39 (In German) This review is available on the internet http:l/www.technikwissen.de/bwk heading ‘Literaturverzeichnisse’. The main topics discussed include coal preparation, coking and heat and power generation. 00101693 Drozdnik,
New trends in the use of coals. Review I. D. K&v Klriru.. 1999. (I). 4-16. (In Russian)
are
pre\cntcd
fhc
paper
focu\cs
on
00/01694 The influence of the mining activity in the Oltenia region on the underground water resources and their quality Baican, G. R~~iro~t. Iv.vr~~\ M’cr\rr,,2frrmq~~ Ell?lYl LfffW~. P,or/.. Plw. Iur. SW/L 5/h. 1998. 337 342. In Oltenia’s area (Romania). lignite mining activity has aftected the hydrogeographical network and groundwater resource<. plus their regime and quality. Mining and dewatering works resulted in depression areas with negative effects on the environment and water tar localities and for socioeconomic objectives in area. A discussion i\ also included on the measurements taken to decrease negative effect\.
Derived
solid fuels
00/01695 Association behaviours of coal-derived materials in organic solvents lino, M. Pre/~. s>‘!np. .4rn. C/rc~,!r. S’I>, 1111, Fwl Clrcm. l99Y. 44. (I). 145--14X. This article review< the association ot co;il-derived materials based on solubility, viscosity. molecular weight, surface tension and smaII angle neutron scattering. A comparison between coal-derived materials and petroleum asphaltene\ in solution is al\o pre\ented. 00101696 Ca ion-exchanged coal char as H2S sorbent Garcia, B. and Takarada, T. I;r,c/. lYY9. 7X. (5). 573 5x1 In a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of YOO C C‘H>S removal using Ca ion-exchanged coal char was studied. For the Ion-exchange process a Yallourn, (Australian brown coal) was used. The CaO obtained from the pyrolysis of Ca ion-exchanged coal as finely dispersed in the char and much more reactive towards H2S than that from limestone. Ca ion-exchanged coal char demonstrated high H2S capture and almost no emission of HZS was ohserved in the earlier reaction stage. At a reaction time of I00 min. the Si Ca atomic ratio in Ca ion-exchanged coal char Increased to 1.2. This occurrence was a result of the H2S capture capacity of both the coal char itself and the CaO distrihuted in the char. The \orptton capacity of char was detected as I.5 mmo-H&g-char. The desulfurlzntion characteristics of calcined limestone were strongly dcpendcnt rm the particle size, whereas those of Ca ion-exchanged coal char H;I\ virtually Independent of the char particle size.
Changes in reactive surface area and porosity during char oxidation
00101697
Ochi, E. Jpn, Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 123.313 199 123.3131 (Cl. BOlD531 5O), 11 May 1999. Appl. 971288,173. 21 Ott 1997. 4. (In Japanese) The plant under discussion comprises a flue gas desulfurization apparatus, a gypsum separation apparatus for separating gypsum from a desulfurization slurry discharged out of the desulfurization apparatus, an evaporation apparatus for concentrating the desulfurization wastewater discharged out of the gypsum separation apparatus and a supply means for supplying the steam discharged out of the evaporation apparatus or its condensate to the desulfurization apparatus. The flue gas desulfurization process is carried out without the requirement of a large amount of external water and the wastewater is removed and suspended solid of the desulfurization concentrated. The primary purpose of this plant is for the desulfurization of flue gases emitted when petroleum and coal fuels are burnt.
Economics,
New trends in coal processing liquefaction and gasification.
Aarna, 1. and Suuberg, E. M. .SI~!T/I IJI~ c~f~irrhior [ Pi-oc.]. 199X. 2. 2933-2939. There has been a fundamental scientific interest in the intrinsic reactivity of coal chars for a long time, hut concern ahout this reactivity has increased in recent years. Both nitrogen BET and CO: surface areas are in common use for characterizing the surface areas available for reaction of chars under intrinsic reaction-rate control and zone II conditions. It i\ still not clear what the best choice of adsorptive is. This stud,y compares nitrogen, argon. and carbon dioxide to explore the porosily ot a subbituminous coal char burned off to differing extents in oxygen. nltrlc oxide, and carbon dioxide. The results confirm that reaction in zone II does not permit as effective opening up of microporosity. me\oporosity. and macroporosity as reaction under zone I conditions. From the results. it also appears that the microporous area might be utilized to a limited extent during reactions, as neither the size nor the population of micropores alters significantly over wide ranges of burn-off. This may have important implications for the normalization of reaction rates using the traditional surface-area measurements.
00101698 Effects of acidic oxidation on the porosity of coal waste-derived chars Haghseresht. F. and Lu. G. Q. (‘~v/I,vI. IYYY. 37 (41. 639 ~h46. This paper presents a study on the tftcct\ ~,f acidic oxidation and of coal wastc-derived carbonization temperature on the pore \tructures chars. The oxidation reactions were carrtcd out by rcfluxing coal reject various conditions. Treated and samples in nitric acid solution\ under untreated samples were then carbonized iat 600 Residence time. reaction temperature and acid concentration were varied to investigate their effects on the pore structure of the resultant chars. It was demcmstrated that acidic pre-treatment and pre-oxidation significantly enhanced the porosity of the carbonized coal reject samples. It was aIs\, found that the chemistry of the hrought about by acid pre-treatnitrogen-containing functional groups. ments, was dependent on the carbonization trmperature as opposed to the pre-treatment conditions.
00101699 NO, reduction by potassium-containing coal briquettes. Effect of NOP concentration Garcia-Garcia, A. Encrgl Fwf\. lYY9. I?. (1). JYY 505 This paper investigates the reactions of a potassium-containing bituminous coal briquette and the corresponding catalyst-free char with carying NO/O? mixtures temperatures between 300 and 325 c‘. Two techniques have been
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 2000
195