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02859 Influence of coke quality on the operating behavior of blast furnaces
11 Process heating, power and incineration
(energy applications
in industryl
Distribution feeder of surface melting furnace 00102847 Nishigaki, M. ef ol. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP I I 141,826 [99 141,826] (Cl. F23GS/OO), 28 May 1999, Appl. 97/302,734, 5 Nov 1997. 6. (In Japanese) A distribution conveyor arranged above 2 2 hoppers allows continuous and horizontal circulating and conveying of matters to be melted. The apparatus also consists of openings arranged at the lower portion of the distribution conveyor for discharging matters to be melted into the hoppers, dampers for switching the openings, chutes, and supply conveyor(s). Level sensors are arranged in the hoppers for detecting the level of the matters to be melted and controlling switching of the dampers. The surface melting furnace is used in the melting treatment of incinerator residues and fly ashes discharged from municipal refuse incinerator. 00102848 Effect of volume fraction of mixture on separation characteristics in vibrated fluidized beds. Jin, H. er rrl. Htturue Gong~~ Yu Gongcheng (Tianjin), 1999, 16, (l), S-10 (In Chinese) This study investigated the effect of volume fraction of separation mixture on bed density and separation efficiency experimentally using measurements of bed density by means of a pressure transmitter and analysis of particle distribution in a vibrated fluidized bed. It was shown that while the upper limit of volume fraction was about 20%, particle mixture could be significantly separated in a vibrated fluidized bed. It was also found that separation efficiency is a little higher in vibration condition than that in non-vibration condition. This study is of particular relevance to the process of segregation of fine coke-slag mixture and dry beneficiation. Electric furnace equipment with a coke filter for 00102849 processing of slags from copper and lead industries Kvyatkovskii, A. N. er rrl. Kompleksn. Ispol’z. Miner. .Sy$u, 1998, 4. 55-59. (In Russian) An electric furnace with coke for the processing of slags from copper and lead smelting is described with relation to its technical characteristics and operation. 00/02850 Energy science and industry: the petrochemicals business Goodwin, S. P. C/rem. ThermodJn., 1999, 121-133. Edited by Letcher T. This paper presents a review of the applications of thermodynamics in the petrochemical industry, in terms of the structure and operation of the petrochemical industry, oil recovery and improved oil recovery mechanisms, and other fuels), petroleum products (natural gas, motor gasoline processes, the environment and thermodynamics in action. Experimental studies on heat transfer enhancement 00/02851 of the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles for high-pressure preheaters Wang, L.-J. Inrernarional Journal of Energy Research, 2000, 24. (4) 309320. A new heat transfer enhanced tube-the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles (IOSTF tube)-was developed and manufactured for improving the performance of high-pressure pre-heaters. The triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the outside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the vertically fluted tube and the triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the inside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the spirally fluted tube. The experiments show that the total heat transfer coefficient of the vertical IOSTF tube is 63-95% larger than that of the smooth tube with only a slight increase in the inside flowing friction and the field results show that a 43% increase in the total heat transfer coefficient of the high-pressure pre-heater with the IOSTF tubes can be obtained. Flicker characteristic estimation of an AC electric arc 00/02852 furnace Lu, C. W. Elec. Power Sy.sf. Res., 2000, 54, (2) 121-130. This paper describes the estimation of the stochastic flicker characteristics for an electric arc furnace (EAF) over a complete heat. These characteristics include stationarity, normality and correlation. Varying the sampling period also assessed the basic statistical probability. The estimation and the assessment were implemented by a microcomputer-based instrumentation system. The test results for a typical AC arc furnace demonstrate that: (1) most flicker characteristics are stationary or weakly stationary during different periods of a heat cycle, but most of their probability density functions are not normally distributed; (2) the voltage and current fluctuations in the same phase are highly correlated; (3) the flicker converges at a value with a +5% deviations from the value based on a basic sampling period, if the sampling period is decreased below 12 seconds. Fluidized bed combustion of brown coal from Vrsany 00102853 Mine Sykorova, I. e/ al. Zesz. Nauk. Polirech. Slask.. Gorn., 1997, 235, 197-203. Important information about the behaviour of brown coal during fluidized bed combustion can be found using petrographic analysis. Reflectance, maceral composition and the chemical and mineralogical content characterize the brown coal Vrsany mine (the North Bohemian Basin). The chemical composition, optical properties and morphology of particulate emissions (bottom ash, fly ash captured in a cyclone) are detected. INAA and X-ray emission analysis can be used to discover the elemental
316
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September 2000
composition of ashes. Oxidation and reduction are the two regimes carried out during the fluidized bed combustion experiments. It was found that composition of fly ash depends on reaction conditions, 00102854 Fluidized bed combustion plant Brannstrom, R. and Vind, T. PCT Int. Appl. WO 99 30,080 (Cl. F23Cll/ 02) 17 Jun 1999, SE Appl. 1997/4,308, 24 Nov 1997. 31. The combustor consists of a combustion chamber that contains a Iluidized bed composed of material that combusts fuel such as pulverized coal. The combustion chamber has a bottom plate that contains nozzles that extend upwardly from the plate and supply an oxygen-containing gas for the combustion of the fuel and the fluidization of the bed material. The nozzles have an elongated shape and have at least one first gas outlet opening in an upper part of the nozzle. The nozzles also have one or more second gas outlets, which allows a limited amount of gas to be supplied to the bed material for cooling purposes. 00102855 Gas evolution in thermal coal pyrolysis in relation to pressure and the medium Gaponich, L. S. er al. Ekorekhnol. Rmursoshere-henir, 1998, 2, 13-17. (In Russian) The dynamics of gas yield at the thermal contact pyrolysis of bituminous coals have been investigated in a fluidized bed under conditions of forced gas evacuation at SOO-980°C and 0.1-2 MPa pressure of inert and gasification surrounding. It was concluded that the pressure increasing does not influence on the character of gas yield at the mentioned conditions, and this is the same for both inert and gasification surrounding. The specific yields and yield rate constants for the major pyrolysis gases were determined. Gasification combined cycle power generation 00/02856 equipment Koga, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkvo Koho JP 11 116.971 199 116.9711 (Cl. ClOJ3/ 46); 27 Apr 1999, Appl. 97/281,824, 15 Ott 1997. s’. (In Japa&&e) The equipment involved in coal gasification combined-cycle power generation comprises a char lock hopper system having a char buffer tank for recovery of char from gasifiers, gas turbines and gases. 00102857 Hot-oxygen injection system with powdered coal fuel for blast furnace operation Riley, M. F. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 922,772 (Cl. C21B5/00), 16 Jun 1999, US Appl. 959,841, 29 Ott 1997. 11. The injection system for blast furnaces is equipped for separation injection of O2 and powdered-coal streams with associated combustion to form the hot blast at 1200-1650” for smelting. At high velocity, the Oz jet is injected into the hot blast through an angled lance to promote mixing with the blast stream and combustion with the fuel, followed by the entry of hot blast into the furnace. Powdered coal is suitable in the system as the fuel injected through an angled lance. 00/02858 In-stack particle size and composition transformations during circulating fluidized bed combustion of willow and forest residue Maenhaut, W. et rrl. Nucl. Instrum. Me1hod.s Phy.7. Rex.. Set:. B, 1999, 150, (l-4), 417421. During the combustion of forest residue and willow in a 35 MW circulating fluidized bed co-generation plant a study took place on the in-stack transformations of the particle size and composition of the fly ash. Samples of the in-stack fly ash were taken with ll-stage Berner low pressure impactors (BLPIs) at two locations in the flue gas stream, i.e. downstream of the circulating cyclone at a temperature of 810-850” and downstream of the convective back pass at a temperature of 150-160”. The mass size distribution of the fly ash was derived from weighing the BLPI substrate films. The BLPI films were analysed by both particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in ordre to obtain the multi-elemental composition of the fly ash as a function of particle size. 00/02859 Influence of coke quality on the operating behavior of blast furnaces Beppler, E. er crl. Srrrhl Eisen, 1999, 119, (5). 69-76. (In German) On the basis of operating results the requirements of blast furnace operators in terms of optimum coke quality, and the measures by which coking plant operators can influence the quality are discussed. Higherrange cold strength (M4a and 140) and hot strength (CSR) values of the coke, in particular, have a positive influence on the operation of the blast furnace. The choice of coal has the most important influence on the coke quality. Furthermore, using the process technologies of the coking plant, it is possible to control the grain size distribution and strength of the coke. OOlO2860 Integrated method of exergy
gasification
combined
cycle analyzed
by
Xu, Z. el al. Xi’un Jirrorong Dame Xuehao, 1999, 33, (3), 7680. (In Chinese) The method of exergy and the second law of thermodynamics are used to analyse the integrated gasification combined cycle. Thermal efficiency and weakest part of the cycle are found for a plant such that improvements to the system can be performed
(energy applications
in industryl
Distribution feeder of surface melting furnace 00102847 Nishigaki, M. ef ol. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP I I 141,826 [99 141,826] (Cl. F23GS/OO), 28 May 1999, Appl. 97/302,734, 5 Nov 1997. 6. (In Japanese) A distribution conveyor arranged above 2 2 hoppers allows continuous and horizontal circulating and conveying of matters to be melted. The apparatus also consists of openings arranged at the lower portion of the distribution conveyor for discharging matters to be melted into the hoppers, dampers for switching the openings, chutes, and supply conveyor(s). Level sensors are arranged in the hoppers for detecting the level of the matters to be melted and controlling switching of the dampers. The surface melting furnace is used in the melting treatment of incinerator residues and fly ashes discharged from municipal refuse incinerator. 00102848 Effect of volume fraction of mixture on separation characteristics in vibrated fluidized beds. Jin, H. er rrl. Htturue Gong~~ Yu Gongcheng (Tianjin), 1999, 16, (l), S-10 (In Chinese) This study investigated the effect of volume fraction of separation mixture on bed density and separation efficiency experimentally using measurements of bed density by means of a pressure transmitter and analysis of particle distribution in a vibrated fluidized bed. It was shown that while the upper limit of volume fraction was about 20%, particle mixture could be significantly separated in a vibrated fluidized bed. It was also found that separation efficiency is a little higher in vibration condition than that in non-vibration condition. This study is of particular relevance to the process of segregation of fine coke-slag mixture and dry beneficiation. Electric furnace equipment with a coke filter for 00102849 processing of slags from copper and lead industries Kvyatkovskii, A. N. er rrl. Kompleksn. Ispol’z. Miner. .Sy$u, 1998, 4. 55-59. (In Russian) An electric furnace with coke for the processing of slags from copper and lead smelting is described with relation to its technical characteristics and operation. 00/02850 Energy science and industry: the petrochemicals business Goodwin, S. P. C/rem. ThermodJn., 1999, 121-133. Edited by Letcher T. This paper presents a review of the applications of thermodynamics in the petrochemical industry, in terms of the structure and operation of the petrochemical industry, oil recovery and improved oil recovery mechanisms, and other fuels), petroleum products (natural gas, motor gasoline processes, the environment and thermodynamics in action. Experimental studies on heat transfer enhancement 00/02851 of the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles for high-pressure preheaters Wang, L.-J. Inrernarional Journal of Energy Research, 2000, 24. (4) 309320. A new heat transfer enhanced tube-the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles (IOSTF tube)-was developed and manufactured for improving the performance of high-pressure pre-heaters. The triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the outside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the vertically fluted tube and the triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the inside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the spirally fluted tube. The experiments show that the total heat transfer coefficient of the vertical IOSTF tube is 63-95% larger than that of the smooth tube with only a slight increase in the inside flowing friction and the field results show that a 43% increase in the total heat transfer coefficient of the high-pressure pre-heater with the IOSTF tubes can be obtained. Flicker characteristic estimation of an AC electric arc 00/02852 furnace Lu, C. W. Elec. Power Sy.sf. Res., 2000, 54, (2) 121-130. This paper describes the estimation of the stochastic flicker characteristics for an electric arc furnace (EAF) over a complete heat. These characteristics include stationarity, normality and correlation. Varying the sampling period also assessed the basic statistical probability. The estimation and the assessment were implemented by a microcomputer-based instrumentation system. The test results for a typical AC arc furnace demonstrate that: (1) most flicker characteristics are stationary or weakly stationary during different periods of a heat cycle, but most of their probability density functions are not normally distributed; (2) the voltage and current fluctuations in the same phase are highly correlated; (3) the flicker converges at a value with a +5% deviations from the value based on a basic sampling period, if the sampling period is decreased below 12 seconds. Fluidized bed combustion of brown coal from Vrsany 00102853 Mine Sykorova, I. e/ al. Zesz. Nauk. Polirech. Slask.. Gorn., 1997, 235, 197-203. Important information about the behaviour of brown coal during fluidized bed combustion can be found using petrographic analysis. Reflectance, maceral composition and the chemical and mineralogical content characterize the brown coal Vrsany mine (the North Bohemian Basin). The chemical composition, optical properties and morphology of particulate emissions (bottom ash, fly ash captured in a cyclone) are detected. INAA and X-ray emission analysis can be used to discover the elemental
316
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September 2000
composition of ashes. Oxidation and reduction are the two regimes carried out during the fluidized bed combustion experiments. It was found that composition of fly ash depends on reaction conditions, 00102854 Fluidized bed combustion plant Brannstrom, R. and Vind, T. PCT Int. Appl. WO 99 30,080 (Cl. F23Cll/ 02) 17 Jun 1999, SE Appl. 1997/4,308, 24 Nov 1997. 31. The combustor consists of a combustion chamber that contains a Iluidized bed composed of material that combusts fuel such as pulverized coal. The combustion chamber has a bottom plate that contains nozzles that extend upwardly from the plate and supply an oxygen-containing gas for the combustion of the fuel and the fluidization of the bed material. The nozzles have an elongated shape and have at least one first gas outlet opening in an upper part of the nozzle. The nozzles also have one or more second gas outlets, which allows a limited amount of gas to be supplied to the bed material for cooling purposes. 00102855 Gas evolution in thermal coal pyrolysis in relation to pressure and the medium Gaponich, L. S. er al. Ekorekhnol. Rmursoshere-henir, 1998, 2, 13-17. (In Russian) The dynamics of gas yield at the thermal contact pyrolysis of bituminous coals have been investigated in a fluidized bed under conditions of forced gas evacuation at SOO-980°C and 0.1-2 MPa pressure of inert and gasification surrounding. It was concluded that the pressure increasing does not influence on the character of gas yield at the mentioned conditions, and this is the same for both inert and gasification surrounding. The specific yields and yield rate constants for the major pyrolysis gases were determined. Gasification combined cycle power generation 00/02856 equipment Koga, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkvo Koho JP 11 116.971 199 116.9711 (Cl. ClOJ3/ 46); 27 Apr 1999, Appl. 97/281,824, 15 Ott 1997. s’. (In Japa&&e) The equipment involved in coal gasification combined-cycle power generation comprises a char lock hopper system having a char buffer tank for recovery of char from gasifiers, gas turbines and gases. 00102857 Hot-oxygen injection system with powdered coal fuel for blast furnace operation Riley, M. F. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 922,772 (Cl. C21B5/00), 16 Jun 1999, US Appl. 959,841, 29 Ott 1997. 11. The injection system for blast furnaces is equipped for separation injection of O2 and powdered-coal streams with associated combustion to form the hot blast at 1200-1650” for smelting. At high velocity, the Oz jet is injected into the hot blast through an angled lance to promote mixing with the blast stream and combustion with the fuel, followed by the entry of hot blast into the furnace. Powdered coal is suitable in the system as the fuel injected through an angled lance. 00/02858 In-stack particle size and composition transformations during circulating fluidized bed combustion of willow and forest residue Maenhaut, W. et rrl. Nucl. Instrum. Me1hod.s Phy.7. Rex.. Set:. B, 1999, 150, (l-4), 417421. During the combustion of forest residue and willow in a 35 MW circulating fluidized bed co-generation plant a study took place on the in-stack transformations of the particle size and composition of the fly ash. Samples of the in-stack fly ash were taken with ll-stage Berner low pressure impactors (BLPIs) at two locations in the flue gas stream, i.e. downstream of the circulating cyclone at a temperature of 810-850” and downstream of the convective back pass at a temperature of 150-160”. The mass size distribution of the fly ash was derived from weighing the BLPI substrate films. The BLPI films were analysed by both particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in ordre to obtain the multi-elemental composition of the fly ash as a function of particle size. 00/02859 Influence of coke quality on the operating behavior of blast furnaces Beppler, E. er crl. Srrrhl Eisen, 1999, 119, (5). 69-76. (In German) On the basis of operating results the requirements of blast furnace operators in terms of optimum coke quality, and the measures by which coking plant operators can influence the quality are discussed. Higherrange cold strength (M4a and 140) and hot strength (CSR) values of the coke, in particular, have a positive influence on the operation of the blast furnace. The choice of coal has the most important influence on the coke quality. Furthermore, using the process technologies of the coking plant, it is possible to control the grain size distribution and strength of the coke. OOlO2860 Integrated method of exergy
gasification
combined
cycle analyzed
by
Xu, Z. el al. Xi’un Jirrorong Dame Xuehao, 1999, 33, (3), 7680. (In Chinese) The method of exergy and the second law of thermodynamics are used to analyse the integrated gasification combined cycle. Thermal efficiency and weakest part of the cycle are found for a plant such that improvements to the system can be performed