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00846 Recycling of plastic waste in blast furnance
18
Energy
conversion and recycling
and Zn(OH)z, precipitation of CaCOs by using COz, ion exchange for Ca’+ removal, and reverse osmosis and evaporation for removal of alkali metal chlorides.
Recovery and utilization of waste liquids in ultraclean coal preparation by chemical leaching
99moa43
Xu, Z. et al. Proc. Annu. ht. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1997, 14, (6), 104-108. There are many potential applications for coal with ash lower than 1% (being called an ultra-clean coal). It is difficult to reduce coal ash to such a level by conventional coal preparation technology. By means of chemical leaching with the proper concentration of alkali and acid solutions, any coal can be deeply de-ashed to the 1% ash level. However, the cost of chemical methods is higher than that of physical ones, additionally, the waste liquids would give rise to environmental pollution if used on a large scale. If the waste liquids from the chemical preparation of ultra-clean coal can be recovered and utilized, so as to produce salable by-products, the cost of chemical leaching will be reduced. This paper describes recovery and utilization methods for these liquids used in chemical leaching, including the recoveries of alkali, silica, sodium-salt and aluminium-salt. A preliminary estimate was made regarding its economic benefits. It shows that this research solves the two problems in the chemical preparation of ultra-clean coal. One is high-cost and the other is environmental pollution. Good potential is shown by this research for the production of ultra-clean coal on an industrial scale.
Recycled plastic-based solid fuel 99ltxta44 Ito, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,422 [98 130.4221 (Cl. CO8Jll/ 12) 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/285,562, 28 Ott 1996; 9 pp. (In Japanese) Recycled plastic-based solid fuel, useful for industrial power plants, is manufactured by mixing waxy substances derived from decomposition of waste thermoplastic resins and burnable organic substances. Recycling of finely dispersed with carrier gas from gaslflcatlon reactor
99moa45
Recycling of plastic waste in blast furnace 99maa4a Asanuma, M. et al. Nippon Eneragi Gakkaishi, 1998, 77, (S), 423-431. (In Japanese) With the test furnace and the commercial blast furnace the recycling of waste plastics in the blast furnace has been investigated. From the results of these experiments, it was found that the combustion and gasification behaviour of waste plastics injected into the raceway of the blast furnace was much different from those of pulverized coal. Pulverized coal injected into raceway was consumed in the combustion zone of the raceway and rapidly converted into CO* and HzO. On the other hand, waste plastics was mainly converted into CO and Hz by gasification with COz generated in the combustion zone of the raceway. Combustion and gasification efficiency of waste plastics was much higher than that of pulverized coal in spite of large particle. Waste plastics like 10 mm particle can be effectively gasified due to the circulation effect of coarse particle in the raceway. Recycling efficiency of waste plastics in the blast furnace was estimated to be 76%. It is thought that waste plastics injection into the blast furnace is a favourable way to realize material recycling of waste plastics and to solve the environmental issue. Resource conversion method of wastes
Fujinami, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,662 [98 130,662) (Cl. ClOJ3/00), 19 May 1998, JP Appl. 96/252,262, 4 Sep 1996; 7 pp. (In Japanese) The conversion of organic wastes to energy resources comprises gasifying the wastes or required fossil fuels for generating synthesis gas, and using the synthesis gas for power generation in accordance with the power needs and
84
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1999
99109948 Supplying smelting furnaces
fuel
from
wastes
in
operation
of
Kashiwagi, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,705 [98 130,705] (Cl. C21BS/OO), 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/287,84S, 30 Ott 1996; 7 pp. (In Japanese) This process comprises following steps; carbonization of wastes containing Cl-reactive additives; washing of residues with water for dechlorination; separation and drying to give powder coal; and blowing the powder coal as auxiliary fuels from tuyere. As fuels without separation of plastics and suppresses generation of dioxins the method is especially suitable for recycling municipal refuses.
99100849 Systematic evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the refuse-derived fuel process In Taiwan Chang, Y.-H. et al. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 1998, 48, (6). 537-544. A thorough evaluation for the first refuse-derived fuel pilot process is illustrated in this paper, from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The process is to be installed and integrated with a large-scale municipal incinerator. This pilot process consists of standard unit operations of shredding, magnetic separation, trammel screening, and air classification. A series of sampling and analyses were initialized in order to characterize its potentials in the solid waste management system. A basic understanding of system reliability may be provided by the probabilistic modelling for various types of waste properties derived in this analysis.
solids entrained
Stockinger, J. et al. PCT Int. Appl WO 98 18,969 (Cl. C21B13/00), 7 May 1998, AT Appl. 96/1,899, 30 Ott 1996; 18 pp. (In German) When finely dispersed solids are discharged from a gasification reactor with a carrier gas through a discharge point of the reactor to a return point of the reactor, the solids are separated in a cyclone separator, then returned with a carrier gas to the reactor while a differential pressure is maintained between the separator and the return point. The solids are recycled without using moving parts which are subjected to abrasion. In a continuous and controlled manner, the separated solids are directly and continuously aspirated by means of a propellant gas and by an injector effect in the separator, accelerated, and supplied to the reactor.
99Ama47
manufacture of synthetic fuels. By absorbing the variations of the quantity and quality of the wastes the amounts of fossil fuels added can be adjusted. Power generation can be achieved by using at least one gas turbine or steam turbine. The synthetic fuels, e.g. methanol, can be used for power generation during daytime. The gasification comprises low-temperature gasifying of organic wastes and fossil fuels by partial oxidation and hightemperature gasifying of the gas, char and tar obtained from the lowtemperature gasification stage and converting the ashes to melting slags.
99/09850 waste5
Treatment apparatus for metal-containing organic
Mizogoshi, Y. et al. Appl., 1998, 251, 123, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Treatment apparatus for metal-containing organic wastes, e.g. car shredder dusts and municipal refuse, comprises a fixed-bed gasifier equipped with stirring means on the side of gasifier main body and having stirring rods within the upper part of the gasifier, where a gasifying medium containing oxygen and steam is supplied from the top of the gasifier for partial combustion and gasification of combustibles in the organic wastes at 7001000” and gasification gas, metal residues and ashes are discharged from the lower part of the gasifier.
Treatment of spent plastics to generate fuel gas 99/0085t for blast furnace operation Kashihagi, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,704 [98 130.7043 (Cl. CZlBS/OO), 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/284,514,28 Ott 1996; 7 pp. (In Japanese) In order to generate fuel gas for injection into blast furnace through tuyeres as fuel spent plastics from municipal wastes is mixed with Ca(OH)z and CaSiOs at S-30% and the mixture is dry distillated at 200-600”. Ca(OH)2 and CaSiOz are used for fixing Cl during dry distillation, Ca(OH)z is reactive with Cl at higher temperature, CaSi03 at lower temperature, and the ratio of Ca(OH)z/CaSi03 is proportioned at (1.54):l.
99100852 Waste processing by the dry stablllzatlon process as Illustrated by the Asslar plant, Laha-DIII-Erels Heering, M. and Hagen, B. M. Wosser Boden, 1998, 50, (4), 6-9. (In German) The Herhof dry stabilization method is a biological and mechanical pretreatment process for residual waste. The aim is the greatest possible material and thermal utilization of the waste. The Herhof dry stabilization method consists of a mechanical treatment phase, biological drying and a final inert particle separation stage. In compliance with the German technical directive on domestic waste, the set-up is concluded by a thermal utilization plant. In July 1997 the first full-scale dry stabilization plant began operation in Asslar, Germany.
Energy
conversion and recycling
and Zn(OH)z, precipitation of CaCOs by using COz, ion exchange for Ca’+ removal, and reverse osmosis and evaporation for removal of alkali metal chlorides.
Recovery and utilization of waste liquids in ultraclean coal preparation by chemical leaching
99moa43
Xu, Z. et al. Proc. Annu. ht. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1997, 14, (6), 104-108. There are many potential applications for coal with ash lower than 1% (being called an ultra-clean coal). It is difficult to reduce coal ash to such a level by conventional coal preparation technology. By means of chemical leaching with the proper concentration of alkali and acid solutions, any coal can be deeply de-ashed to the 1% ash level. However, the cost of chemical methods is higher than that of physical ones, additionally, the waste liquids would give rise to environmental pollution if used on a large scale. If the waste liquids from the chemical preparation of ultra-clean coal can be recovered and utilized, so as to produce salable by-products, the cost of chemical leaching will be reduced. This paper describes recovery and utilization methods for these liquids used in chemical leaching, including the recoveries of alkali, silica, sodium-salt and aluminium-salt. A preliminary estimate was made regarding its economic benefits. It shows that this research solves the two problems in the chemical preparation of ultra-clean coal. One is high-cost and the other is environmental pollution. Good potential is shown by this research for the production of ultra-clean coal on an industrial scale.
Recycled plastic-based solid fuel 99ltxta44 Ito, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,422 [98 130.4221 (Cl. CO8Jll/ 12) 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/285,562, 28 Ott 1996; 9 pp. (In Japanese) Recycled plastic-based solid fuel, useful for industrial power plants, is manufactured by mixing waxy substances derived from decomposition of waste thermoplastic resins and burnable organic substances. Recycling of finely dispersed with carrier gas from gaslflcatlon reactor
99moa45
Recycling of plastic waste in blast furnace 99maa4a Asanuma, M. et al. Nippon Eneragi Gakkaishi, 1998, 77, (S), 423-431. (In Japanese) With the test furnace and the commercial blast furnace the recycling of waste plastics in the blast furnace has been investigated. From the results of these experiments, it was found that the combustion and gasification behaviour of waste plastics injected into the raceway of the blast furnace was much different from those of pulverized coal. Pulverized coal injected into raceway was consumed in the combustion zone of the raceway and rapidly converted into CO* and HzO. On the other hand, waste plastics was mainly converted into CO and Hz by gasification with COz generated in the combustion zone of the raceway. Combustion and gasification efficiency of waste plastics was much higher than that of pulverized coal in spite of large particle. Waste plastics like 10 mm particle can be effectively gasified due to the circulation effect of coarse particle in the raceway. Recycling efficiency of waste plastics in the blast furnace was estimated to be 76%. It is thought that waste plastics injection into the blast furnace is a favourable way to realize material recycling of waste plastics and to solve the environmental issue. Resource conversion method of wastes
Fujinami, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,662 [98 130,662) (Cl. ClOJ3/00), 19 May 1998, JP Appl. 96/252,262, 4 Sep 1996; 7 pp. (In Japanese) The conversion of organic wastes to energy resources comprises gasifying the wastes or required fossil fuels for generating synthesis gas, and using the synthesis gas for power generation in accordance with the power needs and
84
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1999
99109948 Supplying smelting furnaces
fuel
from
wastes
in
operation
of
Kashiwagi, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,705 [98 130,705] (Cl. C21BS/OO), 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/287,84S, 30 Ott 1996; 7 pp. (In Japanese) This process comprises following steps; carbonization of wastes containing Cl-reactive additives; washing of residues with water for dechlorination; separation and drying to give powder coal; and blowing the powder coal as auxiliary fuels from tuyere. As fuels without separation of plastics and suppresses generation of dioxins the method is especially suitable for recycling municipal refuses.
99100849 Systematic evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the refuse-derived fuel process In Taiwan Chang, Y.-H. et al. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 1998, 48, (6). 537-544. A thorough evaluation for the first refuse-derived fuel pilot process is illustrated in this paper, from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The process is to be installed and integrated with a large-scale municipal incinerator. This pilot process consists of standard unit operations of shredding, magnetic separation, trammel screening, and air classification. A series of sampling and analyses were initialized in order to characterize its potentials in the solid waste management system. A basic understanding of system reliability may be provided by the probabilistic modelling for various types of waste properties derived in this analysis.
solids entrained
Stockinger, J. et al. PCT Int. Appl WO 98 18,969 (Cl. C21B13/00), 7 May 1998, AT Appl. 96/1,899, 30 Ott 1996; 18 pp. (In German) When finely dispersed solids are discharged from a gasification reactor with a carrier gas through a discharge point of the reactor to a return point of the reactor, the solids are separated in a cyclone separator, then returned with a carrier gas to the reactor while a differential pressure is maintained between the separator and the return point. The solids are recycled without using moving parts which are subjected to abrasion. In a continuous and controlled manner, the separated solids are directly and continuously aspirated by means of a propellant gas and by an injector effect in the separator, accelerated, and supplied to the reactor.
99Ama47
manufacture of synthetic fuels. By absorbing the variations of the quantity and quality of the wastes the amounts of fossil fuels added can be adjusted. Power generation can be achieved by using at least one gas turbine or steam turbine. The synthetic fuels, e.g. methanol, can be used for power generation during daytime. The gasification comprises low-temperature gasifying of organic wastes and fossil fuels by partial oxidation and hightemperature gasifying of the gas, char and tar obtained from the lowtemperature gasification stage and converting the ashes to melting slags.
99/09850 waste5
Treatment apparatus for metal-containing organic
Mizogoshi, Y. et al. Appl., 1998, 251, 123, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Treatment apparatus for metal-containing organic wastes, e.g. car shredder dusts and municipal refuse, comprises a fixed-bed gasifier equipped with stirring means on the side of gasifier main body and having stirring rods within the upper part of the gasifier, where a gasifying medium containing oxygen and steam is supplied from the top of the gasifier for partial combustion and gasification of combustibles in the organic wastes at 7001000” and gasification gas, metal residues and ashes are discharged from the lower part of the gasifier.
Treatment of spent plastics to generate fuel gas 99/0085t for blast furnace operation Kashihagi, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,704 [98 130.7043 (Cl. CZlBS/OO), 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/284,514,28 Ott 1996; 7 pp. (In Japanese) In order to generate fuel gas for injection into blast furnace through tuyeres as fuel spent plastics from municipal wastes is mixed with Ca(OH)z and CaSiOs at S-30% and the mixture is dry distillated at 200-600”. Ca(OH)2 and CaSiOz are used for fixing Cl during dry distillation, Ca(OH)z is reactive with Cl at higher temperature, CaSi03 at lower temperature, and the ratio of Ca(OH)z/CaSi03 is proportioned at (1.54):l.
99100852 Waste processing by the dry stablllzatlon process as Illustrated by the Asslar plant, Laha-DIII-Erels Heering, M. and Hagen, B. M. Wosser Boden, 1998, 50, (4), 6-9. (In German) The Herhof dry stabilization method is a biological and mechanical pretreatment process for residual waste. The aim is the greatest possible material and thermal utilization of the waste. The Herhof dry stabilization method consists of a mechanical treatment phase, biological drying and a final inert particle separation stage. In compliance with the German technical directive on domestic waste, the set-up is concluded by a thermal utilization plant. In July 1997 the first full-scale dry stabilization plant began operation in Asslar, Germany.