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02646 Numerical interpretation of the MARA8 experiment simulating a hypothetical core disruptive accident
16 Fuel science and technology (fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation) A Ni-Zn cell consisting of one thick nickel and one thick zinc electrode was tested for rate performance in comparison with the 670 mAh accordion-fold cell. The accordion-fold cell (1279 mAh rated capacity) was scaled-up and tested for 835 cycles at 38% DOD at a 0.3 C charge and discharge rates, and continuously operated at 38% DOD until the 1050th cycle was finished at 0.16 C charge/discharge rates. A 7115 mAh accordion-fold demonstration cell was tested at 0.28 C charge and discharge rates for 608 cycles and still had a 4.7 Ah capacity at a 0.08 C discharge rate.
03/02645 Numerical analysis of pulverized coal combustion characteristics using advanced low-NO, burner Kurose, R. et al. Preprints of Symposia American Chemical Society. Division of Fuel Chemistry, 2003, 48, (l), 308-309. The combustion of pulverized coal in a furnace with a CI-o burner was investigated numerically. The combustion conditions were similar to experimental investigations. It was observed that the recirculation flow and the extreme low-O2 zone appeared near the burner. For the improvement of the accuracy of the numerical prediction for NO, emissions it was necessary to mount the fuel NO formation model with the NO destruction mechanisms.
03/02646 Numerical interpretation of the MARAs experiment simulating a hypothetical core disruptive accident Robbe, M. F. et al. Nuclear Engineerrng and Design, 2003.220, (2), I19158. In the case of a hypothetical core disruptive accident (HCDA) in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR), it is assumed that the core of the nuclear reactor has melted partially and that the chemical interaction between the molten fuel and the liquid sodium has created a high-pressure gas bubble in the core. The violent expansion of this bubble loads and deforms the reactor vessel, thus endangering the safety of the nuclear plant. The experimental test MARAs simulates the explosive phenomenon in a mock-up included in a flexible vessel with a flexible roof. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the test and a comparison of the computed results with the experimental results and previous numerical ones.
03/02647 Numerical investigation of simultaneous injection of pulverized coal and natural gas with oxygen enrichment to the blast furnace De Castro, J. A. et al. ISIJ International, 2002, 42, (1 I), 120331211. The multiple injection of carbonaceous materials and oxygen enrichment in the blast furnace has received attention due to a possible decrease in coke rate and increase in productivity. Modelling of the coinjection of pulverized coal and natural gas into the blast furnace through the tuyere was done. This model treats the blast furnace as a multi-phase reactor, and the five phases treated simultaneously are gas, lump solids (iron ore, sinter, pellets and coke), pig iron, molten slag and pulverized coal. Conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species are solved simultaneously based on the finite volume method. First pulverized coal is simulated, and afterwards only natural gas is investigated and compared with the all-coke operation. Finally, the combined practice is suggested to improve the actual blast furnace operation. The simulation results have contributed to a better understanding of the blast furnace phenomena with multiple injectants and supported improvements in the furnace operation. The possibility of considerable advances in the actual blast furnace operation such as an increase in productivity, lower silicon content in hot metal and decrease of the coke and slag rates is discussed. In addition, the total amount of the greenhouse effect in the off gas is decreased, and contributes to make the blast furnace process cleaner,
03/02646 vertically
Numerical perforated
study of heat transfer in a wall of bricks: influence of assembly method
Lacarriere, B. et al. Energ.v and Buildings, 2003, 35, (3), 229-237. Vertically perforated bricks were developed with the view to building environmentally friendly houses since they make insulating materials unnecessary. Indeed, walls can be constructed without any other materials than clay and mortar. Furthermore, they offer better mechanical properties than horizontally perforated ones. However, heat transfer in this geometry, and particularly the influence of the assembly method, is not totally known. This numerical study proposes to verify that convection heat transfer is negligible in the perforations. This condition is necessary to increase the thermal resistance of the brick. A masonry bedded on several strips does not then penalize the thermal performance of the wall. A particular study of the ruptures concludes that the convection present in these regions is a local phenomenon preferable to the thermal bridges caused by continuous mortar joints.
03102649 Numerical laminar flames
study on flame structure
in Hr0&02
Park, J. et al. International Journal of Energy Research, 2003, 27, (7), 6399652. Numerical study, aimed at the understanding of the flame structure in O&O2 recycling combustion system, has been conducted with detailed chemistry. Special concern is focused on addition effect of carbon dioxide on flame structure in Hz-02 counterflow diffusion flame as a simulating configuration. To clarify chemical and thermal effects on flame structure, the comparison between predicted results with a virtual species X to displace the real carbon dioxide and with added carbon dioxide in oxidizer stream is made according to strain rate and the concentration of added COz. From the systematical comparison of a dominant radical producing reaction with a chain termination reaction the effects of strain rate and composition control of oxidizer stream on flame structure are estimated. It is found that the behaviours of C,- and &-branch species are a direct outcome of that of produced CO due to the breakdown of added CO*. There exists a temperature dependency in the behaviour of produced CO and this competes for the behaviour of the produced CO with chemical effects due to the backward reaction of CO+OH=COz+H.
03/02650
Progress
of local island
divertor
experiment
Morisaki, T. ef ul. Fa,rion Engineering and Design, 2003, 65. (3). 475481. In the large helical device (LHD), the intrinsic helical divertor is utilized for the edge plasma control. Alternatively, the local island divertor (LID) is going to be used for the active edge plasma control. Numerical simulations and experimental studies in a small device were performed in advance of LHD experiments. Encouraging results to prove the validity of the LID concept have been obtained. The construction of the LID system for LHD has been completed and the experiment will start from October 2002.
03/02651 unburned fly ashes
Relationships among loss-on-ignition carbons, and the FTIR photoacoustic
03/02652
Simulation
and spectra of
Fan, M. et a/. Intrrnationul Jourrzal of Environment and Pollution, 2003. 19, (3), 301-309. Loss-on-ignition (LOI) and unburned carbon (UC) concentrations of fly ash are two very important indices for evaluating combustion efficiencies of boilers. They are also very important factors affecting the utilization of fly ashes. The LO1 and UC of five fly ash samples collected from different power plants were analysed. The Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) photoacoustic spectra (PAS) of these fly ash samples were observed. The LO1 and UC of fly ashes were found to correlate with the heights of the baselines of their FTIR PAS. The strength of the photoacoustic signal of fly ash has a stronger relationship with its UC than its LOI. Moreover, the LO1 of fly ash is always higher than its UC.
of delayed
neutrons
using MCNP
Werner, C. J. Progress in N&ear Energ.v, 2002, 41, (l-4), 3855389. Accurate modeling of the delayed neutron response in a fission process has been a desired capability for MCNPTM (Briesmeister, 2000). After a year of data library and code development, a delayed neutron feature has now been incorporated into the latest version of MCNP, 4C. In this work, a validation of the integrated delayed neutron model is performed by comparisons to an analytic solution and experimental results.
03102653 Space-dependency analysis of amplitude and decay ratio based on Forsmark noise data: new approach contraction of space-dependent information on reactor stability
to
Watanabe, F. and Konno, H. Annuls of Nuclear Energy, 2003, 30, (I 2), 1267-1281. This study proposes a new method of contraction of information on spatial-dependency of feasible reactor stability indexes between the amplitude of local power oscillation and the local decay ratio based on non-linear stochastic model in the complex normal form. The method is applied to neutron noise data form Forsmark. Demonstrated is the importance of quantitative contraction of local information on spatialdependency to have a better understanding of the state of reactor’s global stability.
03/02654 STATCOM stability studies
modeling
for voltage
and angle
Cariizares, C. A. et al. International Journal qf Electrical Power & Energy Systems , 2003, 25, (6), 431441. This paper proposes and validates models to accurately represent static synchronous shunt compensators (STATCOM) in voltage and angle stability studies of powers systems. The proposed STATCOM stability models are justified based on the basic operational characteristics of this flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controller for both Fuel
and
Energy
Abstracts
November
2003
421
03/02645 Numerical analysis of pulverized coal combustion characteristics using advanced low-NO, burner Kurose, R. et al. Preprints of Symposia American Chemical Society. Division of Fuel Chemistry, 2003, 48, (l), 308-309. The combustion of pulverized coal in a furnace with a CI-o burner was investigated numerically. The combustion conditions were similar to experimental investigations. It was observed that the recirculation flow and the extreme low-O2 zone appeared near the burner. For the improvement of the accuracy of the numerical prediction for NO, emissions it was necessary to mount the fuel NO formation model with the NO destruction mechanisms.
03/02646 Numerical interpretation of the MARAs experiment simulating a hypothetical core disruptive accident Robbe, M. F. et al. Nuclear Engineerrng and Design, 2003.220, (2), I19158. In the case of a hypothetical core disruptive accident (HCDA) in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR), it is assumed that the core of the nuclear reactor has melted partially and that the chemical interaction between the molten fuel and the liquid sodium has created a high-pressure gas bubble in the core. The violent expansion of this bubble loads and deforms the reactor vessel, thus endangering the safety of the nuclear plant. The experimental test MARAs simulates the explosive phenomenon in a mock-up included in a flexible vessel with a flexible roof. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the test and a comparison of the computed results with the experimental results and previous numerical ones.
03/02647 Numerical investigation of simultaneous injection of pulverized coal and natural gas with oxygen enrichment to the blast furnace De Castro, J. A. et al. ISIJ International, 2002, 42, (1 I), 120331211. The multiple injection of carbonaceous materials and oxygen enrichment in the blast furnace has received attention due to a possible decrease in coke rate and increase in productivity. Modelling of the coinjection of pulverized coal and natural gas into the blast furnace through the tuyere was done. This model treats the blast furnace as a multi-phase reactor, and the five phases treated simultaneously are gas, lump solids (iron ore, sinter, pellets and coke), pig iron, molten slag and pulverized coal. Conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species are solved simultaneously based on the finite volume method. First pulverized coal is simulated, and afterwards only natural gas is investigated and compared with the all-coke operation. Finally, the combined practice is suggested to improve the actual blast furnace operation. The simulation results have contributed to a better understanding of the blast furnace phenomena with multiple injectants and supported improvements in the furnace operation. The possibility of considerable advances in the actual blast furnace operation such as an increase in productivity, lower silicon content in hot metal and decrease of the coke and slag rates is discussed. In addition, the total amount of the greenhouse effect in the off gas is decreased, and contributes to make the blast furnace process cleaner,
03/02646 vertically
Numerical perforated
study of heat transfer in a wall of bricks: influence of assembly method
Lacarriere, B. et al. Energ.v and Buildings, 2003, 35, (3), 229-237. Vertically perforated bricks were developed with the view to building environmentally friendly houses since they make insulating materials unnecessary. Indeed, walls can be constructed without any other materials than clay and mortar. Furthermore, they offer better mechanical properties than horizontally perforated ones. However, heat transfer in this geometry, and particularly the influence of the assembly method, is not totally known. This numerical study proposes to verify that convection heat transfer is negligible in the perforations. This condition is necessary to increase the thermal resistance of the brick. A masonry bedded on several strips does not then penalize the thermal performance of the wall. A particular study of the ruptures concludes that the convection present in these regions is a local phenomenon preferable to the thermal bridges caused by continuous mortar joints.
03102649 Numerical laminar flames
study on flame structure
in Hr0&02
Park, J. et al. International Journal of Energy Research, 2003, 27, (7), 6399652. Numerical study, aimed at the understanding of the flame structure in O&O2 recycling combustion system, has been conducted with detailed chemistry. Special concern is focused on addition effect of carbon dioxide on flame structure in Hz-02 counterflow diffusion flame as a simulating configuration. To clarify chemical and thermal effects on flame structure, the comparison between predicted results with a virtual species X to displace the real carbon dioxide and with added carbon dioxide in oxidizer stream is made according to strain rate and the concentration of added COz. From the systematical comparison of a dominant radical producing reaction with a chain termination reaction the effects of strain rate and composition control of oxidizer stream on flame structure are estimated. It is found that the behaviours of C,- and &-branch species are a direct outcome of that of produced CO due to the breakdown of added CO*. There exists a temperature dependency in the behaviour of produced CO and this competes for the behaviour of the produced CO with chemical effects due to the backward reaction of CO+OH=COz+H.
03/02650
Progress
of local island
divertor
experiment
Morisaki, T. ef ul. Fa,rion Engineering and Design, 2003, 65. (3). 475481. In the large helical device (LHD), the intrinsic helical divertor is utilized for the edge plasma control. Alternatively, the local island divertor (LID) is going to be used for the active edge plasma control. Numerical simulations and experimental studies in a small device were performed in advance of LHD experiments. Encouraging results to prove the validity of the LID concept have been obtained. The construction of the LID system for LHD has been completed and the experiment will start from October 2002.
03/02651 unburned fly ashes
Relationships among loss-on-ignition carbons, and the FTIR photoacoustic
03/02652
Simulation
and spectra of
Fan, M. et a/. Intrrnationul Jourrzal of Environment and Pollution, 2003. 19, (3), 301-309. Loss-on-ignition (LOI) and unburned carbon (UC) concentrations of fly ash are two very important indices for evaluating combustion efficiencies of boilers. They are also very important factors affecting the utilization of fly ashes. The LO1 and UC of five fly ash samples collected from different power plants were analysed. The Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) photoacoustic spectra (PAS) of these fly ash samples were observed. The LO1 and UC of fly ashes were found to correlate with the heights of the baselines of their FTIR PAS. The strength of the photoacoustic signal of fly ash has a stronger relationship with its UC than its LOI. Moreover, the LO1 of fly ash is always higher than its UC.
of delayed
neutrons
using MCNP
Werner, C. J. Progress in N&ear Energ.v, 2002, 41, (l-4), 3855389. Accurate modeling of the delayed neutron response in a fission process has been a desired capability for MCNPTM (Briesmeister, 2000). After a year of data library and code development, a delayed neutron feature has now been incorporated into the latest version of MCNP, 4C. In this work, a validation of the integrated delayed neutron model is performed by comparisons to an analytic solution and experimental results.
03102653 Space-dependency analysis of amplitude and decay ratio based on Forsmark noise data: new approach contraction of space-dependent information on reactor stability
to
Watanabe, F. and Konno, H. Annuls of Nuclear Energy, 2003, 30, (I 2), 1267-1281. This study proposes a new method of contraction of information on spatial-dependency of feasible reactor stability indexes between the amplitude of local power oscillation and the local decay ratio based on non-linear stochastic model in the complex normal form. The method is applied to neutron noise data form Forsmark. Demonstrated is the importance of quantitative contraction of local information on spatialdependency to have a better understanding of the state of reactor’s global stability.
03/02654 STATCOM stability studies
modeling
for voltage
and angle
Cariizares, C. A. et al. International Journal qf Electrical Power & Energy Systems , 2003, 25, (6), 431441. This paper proposes and validates models to accurately represent static synchronous shunt compensators (STATCOM) in voltage and angle stability studies of powers systems. The proposed STATCOM stability models are justified based on the basic operational characteristics of this flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controller for both Fuel
and
Energy
Abstracts
November
2003
421