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03088 Coal seam gas contract worth up to $265m
03
Gaseous fuels (economics,
business, marketing, policy)
concentration was found to be 159 mg/kg (dry weight). Finally, the PAH contamination was verified to be aged, according to PAH/alkyl ratios and high molecular weight PAHs/low molecular weight PAHs ratios.
purposes. Nevertheless, this process is rather overlooked. Gaz du Sud-Ouest gives an overall picture of its calibration the relevant operating procedures.
Performance analysis of ZnO-based sorbents in 99lQ36al removal of HIS from fuel gas Harrison, D. P. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, 1998, 42, 213-242. The development of a ZnO-based sorbent hot fuel gas desulfurization process, focusing on removal of HzS, is detailed. Topics discussed include the advantages and disadvantages of zinc-based sorbents, thermodynamic analysis of the process, single-particle kinetics, laboratory-scale integral reactor tests, integrated operation, behaviour of other contaminants and commercial development.
Coal seam gas contract worth up to $265m 99103066 Anon QGMJ, March 1999, 48-50. Boral Energy and BHP have finalized a long-term contract for Queensland coal seam gas, worth up to $265 million. The gas sales agreement involves the transportation of up to 6.IPJ (petajoules) of gas per year over a 20-yearperiod to BP’s Brisbane oil refinery at Bulwer Island.
Removal of sulfur- and carbon-containing gas 99io3002 components from gases Yamada, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 314,537 [98 314,537] (Cl. BOlD53/14), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/126,828, 16 May 1997, 6 pp. (In Japanese) A gas, which contains sulfur- and carbon-containing gas components, is contacted with absorbing liquid(s) in absorption column(s) for chemical and physical absorption to- form a gas component-rich ‘solution. The solution is then pressurized and jetted for releasing, removing and recovering the gas components and to form a gas component-lean solution. This gas component-lean solution is used as the afore-mentioned absorbing liquid. A review of low temperature methanol synthesis 99lO3063 Marchionna, M. et al. Stud. Sutf Sci. C&d., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 539-544. Low temperature methanol synthesis has been studied at the Snamprogetti and Amoco laboratories. The detailed studies include catalyst refinements, reactor engineering and process development. The results indicate that the presence of electron-rich metal hydrides is the key to the unusual activity of these catalytic systems. The development of a commercially viable process has until now been hampered by catalyst deactivation phenomena. Survey of desulfurization processes for coal gas 99103084 Van Der Ham, A. G. J. et al. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. G, 1998, 42, (Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas), 117-136. Recent developments in the field of regenerative, high-temperature, coal gas desulfurization are reviewed. The results of a wide variety of sorbents and reactor types either tested on laboratory-, bench-, as well as on pilotplant scale are presented. The sorbents discussed are mainly oxides of transition metals either pure, mixed or deposited on an inert carrier. Regeneration performance of the sorbent and the regeneration off-gas composition are also taken into account. Use of bore-holes to determine the range of a 99l9308S drainage zone of methane Nuwak, B. er al. Arch. Min. Sci., 1998, 43, (2), 207-227. (In Polish) Bore-holes were used to determine the range of a drainage zone on the basis of measurements made in natural conditions of a selected mine. To determine the range of a drainage zone, the volumetric methane flow rate in a hole (holes) was measured following a sudden change in the pressure on a hole and after maintaining this new pressure for a given period of time. The performance of a bundle of drainage holes drilled from three different insets was considered. Calculations were performed for three different values of strata permeability.
Transport,
Storage
The ‘Artere des Marches du Nord-Est’ pipeline 99lO3986 Caudron, S. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 123, (3), 13-16. (In French) As part of Gaz de France’s policy to make France the natural gas hub for Europe, the cross-roads for supplies from Northern Europe and the gas markets in the South and the highway for Nigerian LNG and others to these consumers, the ‘Art&e des Marches du Nord-Est’ pipeline is a perfect example. This article gives an overall account of the economics of this project, which, as of the summer of 1999, will be one of Gaz de France’s largest construction sites.
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy 99lQ3oa7 A calibration plant for Oar du Sud-Ouest Mouton, G. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 1, 21-25. (In French) Gas metering is one of the fundamental contractual links between a gas supplier and its customers. Periodical gas meter checks are of the utmost importance, since billing data must be reliable for custody transfer
326
Fuel and Enargy Abstracts
September
1999
In this article, facilities and of
Discussion on coal gasification technologies and 99103009 their prospects Wang, X. Shanghai Huagong, 1998, 23, (15), 26-29. (In Chinese) The characteristics and problems of Texaco and Shell coal gasification technologies and their future prospects are discussed. 99l03Q9Q Energy efficiency: vital to the future Staropoli, R. et al. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 1, 7-13. (In French) Terms such as energy conservation, energy management and energy efficiency, have become buzz words when anybody today talks about the environment. Above and beyond these terms, however, what questions should really be asked and what action should be taken? The working group, ‘Energy Efficiency’, lead by Franqoise Janon and set up by the French gas association’s committee on general studies, has been addressing these questions. After careful consideration of the problem, the working group investigated the possible solutions proffered by the use of gas, given its natural assets. This resulted in the group venturing so far as to issue a list of possible measures which the French gas association could take to promote this highly efficient source of energy, enhancing environmental protection. 99lQ3091 European natural gas: market forces will bring about competition in any case Radetzki, M. Energy Policy, 1999, 27, (l), 17-24. The purpose is to analyse the emergent commercial forces that promote increasing competition in the European natural gas market. The paper begins by describing the traditional market organization, along with its monopolistic elements and inflexibilities. It goes on to illuminate the destabilizing frustration among producers with fast growing supply potential, caused by the limited growth in demand under prevailing market arrangements. Two emergent commercial forces promoting competition are then dealt with. The first is the increasingly widespread effort by large consumers to procure gas on improved terms by circumventing the national transmission companies. The important role played by Wingas in this respect is reviewed in detail. The second is the impending impact of the Interconnector, a gas pipe between the UK and the continent, which becomes operational during 1998. The paper argues that these commercial developments are undermining existing monopolies and will bring about increasing competition, even if the formal regulatory regime stays intact. 99l93692 The gas deregulation process in Europe: economic and political approach Percebois, J. Energy Policy, 1999, 27, (l), 9-15. This paper analyses the efforts to deregulate the market, to remove the monopolies and introduce competition, both at the European Union level (European Commission) and national levels. The first part of the paper describes the present situation, with an emphasis on the institutional disparities among the European countries. It presents the outlines of the Gas Directive, recently adopted by the European Commission. The second part analyses the perspectives of such deregulation for Europe. Particular attention is given to the strategies implemented by the oil companies on the market. The transposition of the Gas Directive into the national laws of the European countries gives rise to several questions which have yet to be answered; the third part of the paper discusses these questions. 99lQ3093 High pressure autothermal reforming (HP ATR) Olsvik, 0. and Hansen, R. Stud. Surf Sci. Cml., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 875-882. This article presents an evaluation of the high pressure autothermal reformer (HP ATR) for production of synthesis gas. The aim of using HP ATR is to lower the plant investment costs by converting more gas per unit volume and eliminating the synthesis gas compression step, bringing the synthesis gas from 20-40 up to 70-100 bars, needed for the methanol and DME synthesis. This may also improve the energy efficiency of the process. The possibility of obtaining a low methane slip at high pressures was shown by thermodynamic calculations. Fluid flow simulations and combustion kinetic calculations are carried out to study the performance of the ATR in the high pressure range (70-100 bar) and the pressure effect on the tendency to form higher hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber was studied using detailed reaction mechanisms. 99l63094 The ‘Marketing 7’ Conference Jego, H. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 123, (3), 22-25. (In French) Between October 24th and 26th, the ‘Marketing 7’ Conference will take place in the Conference Centre, in Leipzig, Germany. Entirely based on the marketing of natural gas, this world-wide event will be organized by the German delegation from Intergas Marketing.
Gaseous fuels (economics,
business, marketing, policy)
concentration was found to be 159 mg/kg (dry weight). Finally, the PAH contamination was verified to be aged, according to PAH/alkyl ratios and high molecular weight PAHs/low molecular weight PAHs ratios.
purposes. Nevertheless, this process is rather overlooked. Gaz du Sud-Ouest gives an overall picture of its calibration the relevant operating procedures.
Performance analysis of ZnO-based sorbents in 99lQ36al removal of HIS from fuel gas Harrison, D. P. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, 1998, 42, 213-242. The development of a ZnO-based sorbent hot fuel gas desulfurization process, focusing on removal of HzS, is detailed. Topics discussed include the advantages and disadvantages of zinc-based sorbents, thermodynamic analysis of the process, single-particle kinetics, laboratory-scale integral reactor tests, integrated operation, behaviour of other contaminants and commercial development.
Coal seam gas contract worth up to $265m 99103066 Anon QGMJ, March 1999, 48-50. Boral Energy and BHP have finalized a long-term contract for Queensland coal seam gas, worth up to $265 million. The gas sales agreement involves the transportation of up to 6.IPJ (petajoules) of gas per year over a 20-yearperiod to BP’s Brisbane oil refinery at Bulwer Island.
Removal of sulfur- and carbon-containing gas 99io3002 components from gases Yamada, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 314,537 [98 314,537] (Cl. BOlD53/14), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/126,828, 16 May 1997, 6 pp. (In Japanese) A gas, which contains sulfur- and carbon-containing gas components, is contacted with absorbing liquid(s) in absorption column(s) for chemical and physical absorption to- form a gas component-rich ‘solution. The solution is then pressurized and jetted for releasing, removing and recovering the gas components and to form a gas component-lean solution. This gas component-lean solution is used as the afore-mentioned absorbing liquid. A review of low temperature methanol synthesis 99lO3063 Marchionna, M. et al. Stud. Sutf Sci. C&d., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 539-544. Low temperature methanol synthesis has been studied at the Snamprogetti and Amoco laboratories. The detailed studies include catalyst refinements, reactor engineering and process development. The results indicate that the presence of electron-rich metal hydrides is the key to the unusual activity of these catalytic systems. The development of a commercially viable process has until now been hampered by catalyst deactivation phenomena. Survey of desulfurization processes for coal gas 99103084 Van Der Ham, A. G. J. et al. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. G, 1998, 42, (Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas), 117-136. Recent developments in the field of regenerative, high-temperature, coal gas desulfurization are reviewed. The results of a wide variety of sorbents and reactor types either tested on laboratory-, bench-, as well as on pilotplant scale are presented. The sorbents discussed are mainly oxides of transition metals either pure, mixed or deposited on an inert carrier. Regeneration performance of the sorbent and the regeneration off-gas composition are also taken into account. Use of bore-holes to determine the range of a 99l9308S drainage zone of methane Nuwak, B. er al. Arch. Min. Sci., 1998, 43, (2), 207-227. (In Polish) Bore-holes were used to determine the range of a drainage zone on the basis of measurements made in natural conditions of a selected mine. To determine the range of a drainage zone, the volumetric methane flow rate in a hole (holes) was measured following a sudden change in the pressure on a hole and after maintaining this new pressure for a given period of time. The performance of a bundle of drainage holes drilled from three different insets was considered. Calculations were performed for three different values of strata permeability.
Transport,
Storage
The ‘Artere des Marches du Nord-Est’ pipeline 99lO3986 Caudron, S. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 123, (3), 13-16. (In French) As part of Gaz de France’s policy to make France the natural gas hub for Europe, the cross-roads for supplies from Northern Europe and the gas markets in the South and the highway for Nigerian LNG and others to these consumers, the ‘Art&e des Marches du Nord-Est’ pipeline is a perfect example. This article gives an overall account of the economics of this project, which, as of the summer of 1999, will be one of Gaz de France’s largest construction sites.
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy 99lQ3oa7 A calibration plant for Oar du Sud-Ouest Mouton, G. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 1, 21-25. (In French) Gas metering is one of the fundamental contractual links between a gas supplier and its customers. Periodical gas meter checks are of the utmost importance, since billing data must be reliable for custody transfer
326
Fuel and Enargy Abstracts
September
1999
In this article, facilities and of
Discussion on coal gasification technologies and 99103009 their prospects Wang, X. Shanghai Huagong, 1998, 23, (15), 26-29. (In Chinese) The characteristics and problems of Texaco and Shell coal gasification technologies and their future prospects are discussed. 99l03Q9Q Energy efficiency: vital to the future Staropoli, R. et al. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 1, 7-13. (In French) Terms such as energy conservation, energy management and energy efficiency, have become buzz words when anybody today talks about the environment. Above and beyond these terms, however, what questions should really be asked and what action should be taken? The working group, ‘Energy Efficiency’, lead by Franqoise Janon and set up by the French gas association’s committee on general studies, has been addressing these questions. After careful consideration of the problem, the working group investigated the possible solutions proffered by the use of gas, given its natural assets. This resulted in the group venturing so far as to issue a list of possible measures which the French gas association could take to promote this highly efficient source of energy, enhancing environmental protection. 99lQ3091 European natural gas: market forces will bring about competition in any case Radetzki, M. Energy Policy, 1999, 27, (l), 17-24. The purpose is to analyse the emergent commercial forces that promote increasing competition in the European natural gas market. The paper begins by describing the traditional market organization, along with its monopolistic elements and inflexibilities. It goes on to illuminate the destabilizing frustration among producers with fast growing supply potential, caused by the limited growth in demand under prevailing market arrangements. Two emergent commercial forces promoting competition are then dealt with. The first is the increasingly widespread effort by large consumers to procure gas on improved terms by circumventing the national transmission companies. The important role played by Wingas in this respect is reviewed in detail. The second is the impending impact of the Interconnector, a gas pipe between the UK and the continent, which becomes operational during 1998. The paper argues that these commercial developments are undermining existing monopolies and will bring about increasing competition, even if the formal regulatory regime stays intact. 99l93692 The gas deregulation process in Europe: economic and political approach Percebois, J. Energy Policy, 1999, 27, (l), 9-15. This paper analyses the efforts to deregulate the market, to remove the monopolies and introduce competition, both at the European Union level (European Commission) and national levels. The first part of the paper describes the present situation, with an emphasis on the institutional disparities among the European countries. It presents the outlines of the Gas Directive, recently adopted by the European Commission. The second part analyses the perspectives of such deregulation for Europe. Particular attention is given to the strategies implemented by the oil companies on the market. The transposition of the Gas Directive into the national laws of the European countries gives rise to several questions which have yet to be answered; the third part of the paper discusses these questions. 99lQ3093 High pressure autothermal reforming (HP ATR) Olsvik, 0. and Hansen, R. Stud. Surf Sci. Cml., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 875-882. This article presents an evaluation of the high pressure autothermal reformer (HP ATR) for production of synthesis gas. The aim of using HP ATR is to lower the plant investment costs by converting more gas per unit volume and eliminating the synthesis gas compression step, bringing the synthesis gas from 20-40 up to 70-100 bars, needed for the methanol and DME synthesis. This may also improve the energy efficiency of the process. The possibility of obtaining a low methane slip at high pressures was shown by thermodynamic calculations. Fluid flow simulations and combustion kinetic calculations are carried out to study the performance of the ATR in the high pressure range (70-100 bar) and the pressure effect on the tendency to form higher hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber was studied using detailed reaction mechanisms. 99l63094 The ‘Marketing 7’ Conference Jego, H. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, 1999, 123, (3), 22-25. (In French) Between October 24th and 26th, the ‘Marketing 7’ Conference will take place in the Conference Centre, in Leipzig, Germany. Entirely based on the marketing of natural gas, this world-wide event will be organized by the German delegation from Intergas Marketing.