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033 Optimization of traffic dynamic route guidance with drivers reactions
902
Abstracts
033 Optlmbxtion of Traffic Dynamic Route Guidance with Drivers Reactiom J. Weynum, J.-L. Farges, J.-J. Henry, pp 149-152 This paper presents an optimal guidance algorithm which takes into account the driver compliance to route advice. The optimization problem consists m minimizing the travel time of guided vehicles using a model which describes the traffic by a set of flows on a graph. Driver compliance is modelled by additional constraints of flow variables. This optimiTation woblem is solved using the Simplex Algorithm, rectwsively. An assessment of the criteria degradation induced by non-perfect compliance is performed. Results show that thls degradation of the criteria is significant in heavy traffic conditions, and that human factors cannot be neglected in route guidance systems.
034 The Advanced Automatic Control System for Tra~ ratlan - Research eta Moving Autoblock System
m-Shl,Nt~gBh, D~g Zhmg-Tt~
Cheng Yin-nanl~ pp L~3-1S6 The moving autoblock system (MAS), an advanced automatic control system for train q~nttion, is presented in this paper. It makes full use of microwoceesors and modern moving d~t~communication technology. The MAS not only increases the density of traffic in a block by 30-50%, but is also suitable for different trains with different speeds and loads running on the same line. The analysis and experiments, the structure of key software and hardware, and the communications for the MAS are described.
038 Knowledge-Based Systems and Neural Networks for Cliuicui Decision Making N.B. Jones, J.T. Wang, A.S. Sehmi, D.P. DeBono, pp 171-174 Two knowledge-based systems (KBS) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for clinical decision maldng, and their applications in ECG interpretation, are presented. One KBS contains "shallow" knowledge expressed in declarative form and employs fuzzy-set theory to deal with imprecise concepts in the encoded knowledge and with imprecision of measurements. Another system uses "deep" knowledge expressed as a qualitative ECG simulation, based on vectorial analysis. An experimental ANN was constructed for ECG interpretation. Each system has its own value in ECG interpretation with some restrictions. Comparisons between these systems are given. 039 Tracer Plasma Time-Activity Curves in Cireuiatory System for Positron Fatteudon Tomography IChtelk Medding Stndles D. Feng, Z. Wang, S.C. H u n g , pp 175-178 The development of suitable tracer plasma time-activity curve (PTAC) models is essential to generate eta-yes in computer simulation, and is important to study the role of the input function in tracer kinetic modeling with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this paper, two suitable models were selected from five possible caudid~_tes based on the eight sets of [lgF]-fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) experimental data and several statistical criteria. 040 Control of the HIV/AIDS Infection Spread G. Dzemyda, V. Saltenis, V. "rlells, pp 179.182
035 A Closed Loop System for Comromng Blood 02 and C02 in MedmMcaUy VentllatM Patients J.~. Packer, T.L. Fermmdo, Z.-M. Xu, J.F. earle, IL Lee, pp 157-160 In an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation is required by patients with ~ . ~ failtwe, to ensure that blood oxygen (02) and carbon diomde (C02) levels are maintained at correct values. Automation of this process offers the possibility of improved patient cm'e and relief from repetitive tasks for clinical staff. This paper describes an expert-system-bnsed strategy for automatically regulatin~ blood gas levels. At the lower level, separate control loops individually rpanJge blood O2 and CO2. At a higher level of control, an expert system cocedinntes the concxe'rent operation of the two loops m order to handle dismrbauces to blood gas levels in the most effective way.
036 ~ Deange AdJustment using Time Series Analysis and Rule-Breed Rerunning E.W. Carton, T. D~tsdx, A.V. Roudanrl, A. Sail, pp 161-164 The mauagement of a chronic disease such as diabetes is a classic example of the need for external control action to compensate for the malfunctioning of internal physiological control loops. It is shown that the use of advanced time series analysis can aid the intelligent inteq~retation of long-term l~__-__-'nsof blood glucose variation, which in turn can assist in the provision of moreappropriate insulin Ueatment regimens. In the selection of treatment (control action), the role of a qualitative, rule-based, reasoning strategy is demonstrated.
037 Numedcui Decouvointlou of Physiological Signals: A Stodmsti¢ Faltering Approach G. De Nlcolao, pp 165-170 The reconstruction of the input of a dynamic system from noisy samples of the output is a problem often encountered in the analysis of physiological signals. This paper considers a widespread and general-pmlx~e deconvolution technique, due to Phillips and Twomey. Under suitable probabilistic assumptions, the Phillips-Twomey estimator coincides with an optimal Wiener smoother. This fact is exploited to show that a criterion proposed by Twomey for the choice of the smoothing coefficient is inconsistent with optimality. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that, as a rule, the sequence of the residuals is not white. Finally, the accommodation of the smoothing coefficient to the sampling rate is discussed.
A model of the HIV/AIDS infection spread, characterizing any risk group by three differential equations, is proposed and investigated. These equations describe the dynamics of active susceptible, active infected, and passive infected individuals. The 1 ~ . mtgddealswith some specific features of the disease spread at the ~hed~v~c~Ua~oul ~ t ~ef ~ h e d e ~ n a u ~ infection is presented, and possibilities to control the infection are shown. Two general directions of control may be distinguished: the HIV/AIDS blood tests, and the publicity and availability of protective means. 041 Fetal ECG Extraction from Maternal ECG Ush~g the Singular Value DecompeMtlon P.P. KanJilui, S. Palit, P.K. Dey, pp 183-186 Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used for selective extraction of information (Fetal ECG) from a composite signal obtained from the mother, through the appsoWinte separation of component modes after transformation. The efficiency of the proposed method in noise rejection is also established. 042 On LIB, Methodology for Daecaou of Smpected Epileptic Seizures from Electroencephalogram (EEG) ILW. Dahmmyake, A.R.M. Upton, pp 187-190 An on-line methodology is introduced for detecting suspected seizures from electroencephalograms (EBG), by detecting nonstationsrities. Two seizme indices are introduced. In the absence of seizures, the EEG remains stationary and hence the seizure indices remain at unity. If abnormality or epileptic seizure activity occurs, the EEG becomes nonstationary, and the indices s~.~in value. The dips in the indices indicate the timing of ; the strength of the dips, their severity. If the indices drop below a preset threshold value this could activate a pacemaker as a preventive measure. The methodology is not limited to epileptic seizure detection, and can be used to detect malfuecuons of stationary systems in general. 043 A Delay Differmutiui Model of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements with Convergent Properties A.S.C. Sinha, J.P. Ricketson, D.A. Smmkl, L. Abel, pp 191-196 An ulgorithm for steady-state tracking control is developed to compensate a modified version of a model proposed by Robinson et. a/. for the smooth pursuit eye movement system, when a target acquires a constant velocity. Acceleration-saturation is introduced
Abstracts
033 Optlmbxtion of Traffic Dynamic Route Guidance with Drivers Reactiom J. Weynum, J.-L. Farges, J.-J. Henry, pp 149-152 This paper presents an optimal guidance algorithm which takes into account the driver compliance to route advice. The optimization problem consists m minimizing the travel time of guided vehicles using a model which describes the traffic by a set of flows on a graph. Driver compliance is modelled by additional constraints of flow variables. This optimiTation woblem is solved using the Simplex Algorithm, rectwsively. An assessment of the criteria degradation induced by non-perfect compliance is performed. Results show that thls degradation of the criteria is significant in heavy traffic conditions, and that human factors cannot be neglected in route guidance systems.
034 The Advanced Automatic Control System for Tra~ ratlan - Research eta Moving Autoblock System
m-Shl,Nt~gBh, D~g Zhmg-Tt~
Cheng Yin-nanl~ pp L~3-1S6 The moving autoblock system (MAS), an advanced automatic control system for train q~nttion, is presented in this paper. It makes full use of microwoceesors and modern moving d~t~communication technology. The MAS not only increases the density of traffic in a block by 30-50%, but is also suitable for different trains with different speeds and loads running on the same line. The analysis and experiments, the structure of key software and hardware, and the communications for the MAS are described.
038 Knowledge-Based Systems and Neural Networks for Cliuicui Decision Making N.B. Jones, J.T. Wang, A.S. Sehmi, D.P. DeBono, pp 171-174 Two knowledge-based systems (KBS) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for clinical decision maldng, and their applications in ECG interpretation, are presented. One KBS contains "shallow" knowledge expressed in declarative form and employs fuzzy-set theory to deal with imprecise concepts in the encoded knowledge and with imprecision of measurements. Another system uses "deep" knowledge expressed as a qualitative ECG simulation, based on vectorial analysis. An experimental ANN was constructed for ECG interpretation. Each system has its own value in ECG interpretation with some restrictions. Comparisons between these systems are given. 039 Tracer Plasma Time-Activity Curves in Cireuiatory System for Positron Fatteudon Tomography IChtelk Medding Stndles D. Feng, Z. Wang, S.C. H u n g , pp 175-178 The development of suitable tracer plasma time-activity curve (PTAC) models is essential to generate eta-yes in computer simulation, and is important to study the role of the input function in tracer kinetic modeling with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this paper, two suitable models were selected from five possible caudid~_tes based on the eight sets of [lgF]-fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) experimental data and several statistical criteria. 040 Control of the HIV/AIDS Infection Spread G. Dzemyda, V. Saltenis, V. "rlells, pp 179.182
035 A Closed Loop System for Comromng Blood 02 and C02 in MedmMcaUy VentllatM Patients J.~. Packer, T.L. Fermmdo, Z.-M. Xu, J.F. earle, IL Lee, pp 157-160 In an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation is required by patients with ~ . ~ failtwe, to ensure that blood oxygen (02) and carbon diomde (C02) levels are maintained at correct values. Automation of this process offers the possibility of improved patient cm'e and relief from repetitive tasks for clinical staff. This paper describes an expert-system-bnsed strategy for automatically regulatin~ blood gas levels. At the lower level, separate control loops individually rpanJge blood O2 and CO2. At a higher level of control, an expert system cocedinntes the concxe'rent operation of the two loops m order to handle dismrbauces to blood gas levels in the most effective way.
036 ~ Deange AdJustment using Time Series Analysis and Rule-Breed Rerunning E.W. Carton, T. D~tsdx, A.V. Roudanrl, A. Sail, pp 161-164 The mauagement of a chronic disease such as diabetes is a classic example of the need for external control action to compensate for the malfunctioning of internal physiological control loops. It is shown that the use of advanced time series analysis can aid the intelligent inteq~retation of long-term l~__-__-'nsof blood glucose variation, which in turn can assist in the provision of moreappropriate insulin Ueatment regimens. In the selection of treatment (control action), the role of a qualitative, rule-based, reasoning strategy is demonstrated.
037 Numedcui Decouvointlou of Physiological Signals: A Stodmsti¢ Faltering Approach G. De Nlcolao, pp 165-170 The reconstruction of the input of a dynamic system from noisy samples of the output is a problem often encountered in the analysis of physiological signals. This paper considers a widespread and general-pmlx~e deconvolution technique, due to Phillips and Twomey. Under suitable probabilistic assumptions, the Phillips-Twomey estimator coincides with an optimal Wiener smoother. This fact is exploited to show that a criterion proposed by Twomey for the choice of the smoothing coefficient is inconsistent with optimality. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that, as a rule, the sequence of the residuals is not white. Finally, the accommodation of the smoothing coefficient to the sampling rate is discussed.
A model of the HIV/AIDS infection spread, characterizing any risk group by three differential equations, is proposed and investigated. These equations describe the dynamics of active susceptible, active infected, and passive infected individuals. The 1 ~ . mtgddealswith some specific features of the disease spread at the ~hed~v~c~Ua~oul ~ t ~ef ~ h e d e ~ n a u ~ infection is presented, and possibilities to control the infection are shown. Two general directions of control may be distinguished: the HIV/AIDS blood tests, and the publicity and availability of protective means. 041 Fetal ECG Extraction from Maternal ECG Ush~g the Singular Value DecompeMtlon P.P. KanJilui, S. Palit, P.K. Dey, pp 183-186 Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used for selective extraction of information (Fetal ECG) from a composite signal obtained from the mother, through the appsoWinte separation of component modes after transformation. The efficiency of the proposed method in noise rejection is also established. 042 On LIB, Methodology for Daecaou of Smpected Epileptic Seizures from Electroencephalogram (EEG) ILW. Dahmmyake, A.R.M. Upton, pp 187-190 An on-line methodology is introduced for detecting suspected seizures from electroencephalograms (EBG), by detecting nonstationsrities. Two seizme indices are introduced. In the absence of seizures, the EEG remains stationary and hence the seizure indices remain at unity. If abnormality or epileptic seizure activity occurs, the EEG becomes nonstationary, and the indices s~.~in value. The dips in the indices indicate the timing of ; the strength of the dips, their severity. If the indices drop below a preset threshold value this could activate a pacemaker as a preventive measure. The methodology is not limited to epileptic seizure detection, and can be used to detect malfuecuons of stationary systems in general. 043 A Delay Differmutiui Model of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements with Convergent Properties A.S.C. Sinha, J.P. Ricketson, D.A. Smmkl, L. Abel, pp 191-196 An ulgorithm for steady-state tracking control is developed to compensate a modified version of a model proposed by Robinson et. a/. for the smooth pursuit eye movement system, when a target acquires a constant velocity. Acceleration-saturation is introduced