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02067 Experimental investigation of thermal performance of a solar assisted heat pump system with an energy storage
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety) 04/02067 Experimental investigation of thermal performance of a solar assisted heat pump system with an energy storage Yumrutas, R. and Kaska, 6 . International Journal of Energy Research, 2004, 28, (2), I63-175. An experimental solar assisted heat pump space heating system with a daily energy storage tank is designed and constructed, and its thermal performance is investigated. The heating system basically consists of flat plate solar collectors, a heat pump, a cylindrical storage tank, measuring units, and a heating room located in Gaziantep, Turkey (37.1°N). All measurements are automatically collected as a function of time by means of a measurement chain feeding to a data logger in combination with a PC. Hourly and daily variations of solar radiation, collector performance, coefficient of performance of the heat pump (COPrm), and that of the overall system (COPs) are calculated to evaluate the system performance. The effects of climatic conditions and certain operating parameters on the system performance parameters are investigated. COPHF is about 2.5 for a lower storage temperature at the end of a cloudy day and it is about 3.5 for a higher storage temperature at the end of a sunny day, and it fluctuates between these values in other times. Also, COPs turns out to be about 15-20% lower than COPHe.
04•02068 Performance of a high temperature hydrate solidi gas sorption heat pump used as topping cycle for cascaded sorption chillers Stitou, D. et al. Energy, 2004, 29, (2), 267-285. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyse the experimental performances of a solid/gas sorption heat pump using a new working pair such as MnCI2 hydrate reacting reversibly with water. The aim of this heat pump device is to produce heat at a temperature level suitable for industrial purposes (typically 160°C), from waste heat at 90°C or from environment at 35°C. Moreover, this kind of process can be efficiently used as a high-temperature topping cycle to drive by means of efficient heat pipes a lower temperature double effect absorption cycle in order to increase the cooling performances by achieving a quadri-effect cascaded chiller. This paper presents the experimental results of the water/hydrate reaction topping cycle and demonstrates the feasibility of a cascading cooling device with high cooling performance: a COP of 1.35 should effectively be attainable.
04/02069 heaters
Seasonal performance rating of heat pump water
Morrison, G. L. et al. Solar Energy, 2004, 76, (1-3), 147-152. Seasonal performance evaluation methods for water heaters are reviewed and an experimental method for rating air-source heat pump water heaters is presented. The rating method is based on measured heat pump performance during heat-up operation of particular products rather than a generic simulation model of heat pump performance. The measured performance is used in a correlation model of the heat pump unit in an annual load-cycle system performance simulation based on the TRNSYS simulation package.
15
ENVIRONMENT Pollution, health protection, safety
04/02070 Adjusting the measurement of US manufacturing productivity for air pollution emissions control Aiken, D. V. and Pasurka, C. A. Resource and Energy Economics, 2003, 25, (4), 329 351. It is estimated that a distance function and derived producer shadow prices for SO2 and PM-10 emissions. The shadow prices are used to adjust a traditional measure of total factor productivity growth in order to account for the reallocation of inputs from production of the marketed output to pollution abatement activities. Adjusted total factor productivity growth rates are calculated for the two-digit SIC manufacturing industries in the United States for 1970-1996. The results indicate that including the 'output' of pollution abatement activities has a measurable effect on the productivity of many industries in the manufacturing sector.
04/02071 Airborne contaminants in the refractory organic carbon fraction of arable soils in highly industrialized areas Kiem, R. et al. Geoderma, 2003, 114, (1-2), 109-i37.
Airborne carbonaceous particles produced by industrial activity have been recorded in soils in proximity to contamination sources that produce coal dust, coke and other residues from fossil fuel combustion. The present study assesses the contribution of airborne contaminants to the refractory organic carbon pool of three soils (a sandy Albic Luvisol, sandy Orthic Luvisol and a loamy Haplic Chernozem) in Cdepleted and conventionally managed plots from European long-term experiments located in industrialized regions. The C-depleted plots (unmanured plots and bare fallow) are depleted in labile C and thus relatively enriched in refractory C as compared with the conventionally managed plots. Bulk soils and particle-size fraction were analysed for soil organic carbon (SOC) structure by cross-polarization magicangle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR (NMR) spectroscopy. Coarseintermediate separates were subjected to a morphology characterization of organic matter (OM) composition by coal petrographic. The Cdepleted plots show unusually high proportions of aromatic C in nearly all separates, most pronounced in coarse-intermediate fractions. Coal petrographic analysis indicates that high aromaticity in separates 200020 ~tm can be explained by the presence of airborne contaminants that are identified as coal, coke and combustion residues from fossil fuels. For the two sandy sites, aromatic C in the fine separates (<6 ~tm) is dominated by protonated aryl C as revealed by dipolar dephasing (DD) NMR experiments. For the loamy soil, aromatic C was comparatively high and about half of the aryl signal was attributable to nonprotonated/C-substituted carbons. These results indicate a contribution of airborne contaminants to the refractory C pool for all investigated sites. For the two sandy soils, this contribution appears to be limited to coarse-intermediate separates; in the loamy soil, a contamination is also present in fine separates. From the OC balance of the C-depleted plots, it was estimated that the contribution from contaminants to the refractory C pool is still smaller than that from native OM, which is found mainly within fine particle-size separates. The presence of refractory contaminants will strongly affect the estimation of the longterm turnover of OC at such long-term experiments. A careful examination of the SOM composition and the SOM fractions at such sites is necessary to avoid biased results on SOM turnover.
04/02072 An analysis of CO2 emissions of Japanese industries during the period between 1985 and 1995 Yabe, N. Energy Policy, 2004, 32, (5), 595-610. This paper examines the factors that have an effect on CO2 emissions produced by Japanese industries between 1985 and 1995 by using input-output tables. The effects of environmental technological changes (ETC) and production technological changes (PTC) on CO2 emissions are considered separately. Furthermore backward and forward linkage effects in each sector, that shows the extent to which each sector spreads or receives CO2 emissions-impacts across all of sectors, will be calculated. The results show that both types of technologies contributed to a decrease in CO2 emissions during the bubble economy of the late 1980s but not during the recession of the early 1990s. Trade factors succeeded in decreasing CO2 emissions in both periods, thus trade structures facilitated the turning of Japan into a net importer of CO2 emissions between 1985 and 1995, The backward and forward linkage effects also decreased during the boom of the late in 1980s but not the recession of the early 1990s, while the chemical products and electrical machinery sectors continued to reduce both effects. This indicates that both sectors were relatively successful in decreasing their CO~ emissions-impacts between 1985 and 1995.
04/02073 Application of chemical desulfering technology to groundwater of mined-out area in coal mine Wang, Z. and Li, T. Zhengzhou Daxue Xuebao, 2003, 24, (1), 93 96. (In Chinese) The coal mines of Henan province are abundant water mining areas in China. The problem of the waste groundwater is very serious here. Through synthetic analyses of the water chemical characteristics, the water chemical environment and the water chemical origin of acid groundwater, this paper proposes the principle of a chemical sulfur erasing technique that can process mine acid water and the compound coagulant applying method. Some corresponding technology parameters are discussed. The weight ratio of Ca(OH)2 and 4CaO.AlzO3.Fe203 is about 1:1.3-1:1.5. The quick lime quantity put in must decrease by 50 mg/L when the temperature is increased by 10° and by 25 mg/L when pH value is increased by one unit. The processing of mine water with the chemical sulfur erasing technique is deemed to be practical.
04•02074 Biomonitoring of 21°po and 21°Pb using lichens and mosses around a uraniferous coal-fired power plant in western Turkey Ugur, A. et al. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37, (16), 2237-2245. In Gokova region (Turkey) where Yatagan is located there are three major uraniferous coal-fired power plants (CPPs) and they cause some pollution in the surroundings. Studies were realized over a wide area around the coal-fired power station located at Yatagan to evaluate the
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 2004 285
04•02068 Performance of a high temperature hydrate solidi gas sorption heat pump used as topping cycle for cascaded sorption chillers Stitou, D. et al. Energy, 2004, 29, (2), 267-285. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyse the experimental performances of a solid/gas sorption heat pump using a new working pair such as MnCI2 hydrate reacting reversibly with water. The aim of this heat pump device is to produce heat at a temperature level suitable for industrial purposes (typically 160°C), from waste heat at 90°C or from environment at 35°C. Moreover, this kind of process can be efficiently used as a high-temperature topping cycle to drive by means of efficient heat pipes a lower temperature double effect absorption cycle in order to increase the cooling performances by achieving a quadri-effect cascaded chiller. This paper presents the experimental results of the water/hydrate reaction topping cycle and demonstrates the feasibility of a cascading cooling device with high cooling performance: a COP of 1.35 should effectively be attainable.
04/02069 heaters
Seasonal performance rating of heat pump water
Morrison, G. L. et al. Solar Energy, 2004, 76, (1-3), 147-152. Seasonal performance evaluation methods for water heaters are reviewed and an experimental method for rating air-source heat pump water heaters is presented. The rating method is based on measured heat pump performance during heat-up operation of particular products rather than a generic simulation model of heat pump performance. The measured performance is used in a correlation model of the heat pump unit in an annual load-cycle system performance simulation based on the TRNSYS simulation package.
15
ENVIRONMENT Pollution, health protection, safety
04/02070 Adjusting the measurement of US manufacturing productivity for air pollution emissions control Aiken, D. V. and Pasurka, C. A. Resource and Energy Economics, 2003, 25, (4), 329 351. It is estimated that a distance function and derived producer shadow prices for SO2 and PM-10 emissions. The shadow prices are used to adjust a traditional measure of total factor productivity growth in order to account for the reallocation of inputs from production of the marketed output to pollution abatement activities. Adjusted total factor productivity growth rates are calculated for the two-digit SIC manufacturing industries in the United States for 1970-1996. The results indicate that including the 'output' of pollution abatement activities has a measurable effect on the productivity of many industries in the manufacturing sector.
04/02071 Airborne contaminants in the refractory organic carbon fraction of arable soils in highly industrialized areas Kiem, R. et al. Geoderma, 2003, 114, (1-2), 109-i37.
Airborne carbonaceous particles produced by industrial activity have been recorded in soils in proximity to contamination sources that produce coal dust, coke and other residues from fossil fuel combustion. The present study assesses the contribution of airborne contaminants to the refractory organic carbon pool of three soils (a sandy Albic Luvisol, sandy Orthic Luvisol and a loamy Haplic Chernozem) in Cdepleted and conventionally managed plots from European long-term experiments located in industrialized regions. The C-depleted plots (unmanured plots and bare fallow) are depleted in labile C and thus relatively enriched in refractory C as compared with the conventionally managed plots. Bulk soils and particle-size fraction were analysed for soil organic carbon (SOC) structure by cross-polarization magicangle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR (NMR) spectroscopy. Coarseintermediate separates were subjected to a morphology characterization of organic matter (OM) composition by coal petrographic. The Cdepleted plots show unusually high proportions of aromatic C in nearly all separates, most pronounced in coarse-intermediate fractions. Coal petrographic analysis indicates that high aromaticity in separates 200020 ~tm can be explained by the presence of airborne contaminants that are identified as coal, coke and combustion residues from fossil fuels. For the two sandy sites, aromatic C in the fine separates (<6 ~tm) is dominated by protonated aryl C as revealed by dipolar dephasing (DD) NMR experiments. For the loamy soil, aromatic C was comparatively high and about half of the aryl signal was attributable to nonprotonated/C-substituted carbons. These results indicate a contribution of airborne contaminants to the refractory C pool for all investigated sites. For the two sandy soils, this contribution appears to be limited to coarse-intermediate separates; in the loamy soil, a contamination is also present in fine separates. From the OC balance of the C-depleted plots, it was estimated that the contribution from contaminants to the refractory C pool is still smaller than that from native OM, which is found mainly within fine particle-size separates. The presence of refractory contaminants will strongly affect the estimation of the longterm turnover of OC at such long-term experiments. A careful examination of the SOM composition and the SOM fractions at such sites is necessary to avoid biased results on SOM turnover.
04/02072 An analysis of CO2 emissions of Japanese industries during the period between 1985 and 1995 Yabe, N. Energy Policy, 2004, 32, (5), 595-610. This paper examines the factors that have an effect on CO2 emissions produced by Japanese industries between 1985 and 1995 by using input-output tables. The effects of environmental technological changes (ETC) and production technological changes (PTC) on CO2 emissions are considered separately. Furthermore backward and forward linkage effects in each sector, that shows the extent to which each sector spreads or receives CO2 emissions-impacts across all of sectors, will be calculated. The results show that both types of technologies contributed to a decrease in CO2 emissions during the bubble economy of the late 1980s but not during the recession of the early 1990s. Trade factors succeeded in decreasing CO2 emissions in both periods, thus trade structures facilitated the turning of Japan into a net importer of CO2 emissions between 1985 and 1995, The backward and forward linkage effects also decreased during the boom of the late in 1980s but not the recession of the early 1990s, while the chemical products and electrical machinery sectors continued to reduce both effects. This indicates that both sectors were relatively successful in decreasing their CO~ emissions-impacts between 1985 and 1995.
04/02073 Application of chemical desulfering technology to groundwater of mined-out area in coal mine Wang, Z. and Li, T. Zhengzhou Daxue Xuebao, 2003, 24, (1), 93 96. (In Chinese) The coal mines of Henan province are abundant water mining areas in China. The problem of the waste groundwater is very serious here. Through synthetic analyses of the water chemical characteristics, the water chemical environment and the water chemical origin of acid groundwater, this paper proposes the principle of a chemical sulfur erasing technique that can process mine acid water and the compound coagulant applying method. Some corresponding technology parameters are discussed. The weight ratio of Ca(OH)2 and 4CaO.AlzO3.Fe203 is about 1:1.3-1:1.5. The quick lime quantity put in must decrease by 50 mg/L when the temperature is increased by 10° and by 25 mg/L when pH value is increased by one unit. The processing of mine water with the chemical sulfur erasing technique is deemed to be practical.
04•02074 Biomonitoring of 21°po and 21°Pb using lichens and mosses around a uraniferous coal-fired power plant in western Turkey Ugur, A. et al. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37, (16), 2237-2245. In Gokova region (Turkey) where Yatagan is located there are three major uraniferous coal-fired power plants (CPPs) and they cause some pollution in the surroundings. Studies were realized over a wide area around the coal-fired power station located at Yatagan to evaluate the
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 2004 285