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02646 Boron isotope composition of coals: a potential tracer of organic contaminated fluids
01 Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01
SOLID FUELS
implementing organic geochemistry, sequence stratigraphy and the use of biomarkers has become more common in the literature, as well as the use of Diessel's Gelification Index and Tissue Preservation Index.
04•02649
Sources, winning, properties 04102644 A short report of the investigations made on the facies of Austrian coal deposits Sachsenhofer, R. F. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 87-89. Petrological studies on Austrian coal deposits started in the 1940s. During the last decade, multi-disciplinary investigations involving petrology, geochemistry, and palynology were performed to study the relationship between geodynamics, coal-forming environments, and coal properties.
04102645 A short report of the investigations made on the facies of German coal deposits Dehmer, J. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1-2), 4151. In 1996, Commission II of the ICCP set up a coal facies working group. The first step was to collate literature on coal facies analysis for different countries. This report provides an overview on the investigations made on the facies interpretations of German coal deposits over the last 50 years with an emphasis on Tertiary coals. It outlines the major deposits present in Germany and gives the main facies interpretations of coals of lignite and bituminous rank. Furthermore, it points out that there lies a certain ambiguity in the interpretation of specific maeeral associations, which could confuse facies analyses without the support of interdisciplinary studies and thus suggests that the working group should address this point for future work.
04/02646 Boron isotope composition of coals: a potential tracer of organic contaminated fluids Williams, L. B. and Hervig, R. L. Applied Geochemistry, 2004, 19, (10), 1625-1636. The boron-content of coals from sedimentary basins is a function of the primary depositional environment and secondary enrichments. Boron has been used to infer paleo-environments of coal deposits, and environmental impact of coal burning power plants. To improve the understanding of boron in organic matter, this study used secondary ion mass spectrometry to measure the boron-isotopic composition of 25 coals and three kerogens (Type I, II and III). Results show that coal is 1°B-enriched compared to most terrestrial waters. The ~SnB values measured show large variability within a single 'homogenized' coal sample indicating that boron is heterogeneously bound in various organic macerals. Of greater importance is the observation that all coal barb values are negative. The lowest 611B measured was - 7 0 representing the lightest B-isotopic ratios ever reported for terrestrial materials. Bulk analyses of coals may not reveal isotope ratios this low because of the averaging of values from different organic macerals having different 611B values. This discovery may be important for tracing organic contaminants in fluids. When organic matter is heated during burial, the isotopically light boron partitions into fluid phases. The very low ~11B of organic products compared to most groundwaters may be useful in tracing fluids derived from organic sources.
04/02647 Burning and migration behavior of trace elements of coal used in power plant Song, D. et al. Zhongguo Kuangye Daxue Xuebao, 2003, 32, (3), 316320. (In Chinese) Some harmful trace elements in raw coal, ash, fly ash, and superfine fly ash from Shizuishan, Shangwan, Dahuta and Haibowan power plants were tested using INAA and ICP-AES methods. Burning and migration behaviour and its environment effect of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Se, Mn, Ni, Co, U, Th, Be, Sb, Br were researched and their distribution and enriching characteristics in coal, bottom ash, fly ash and superfine fly ash were analysed. The result shows that for elements Hg and As, the enriching coefficients, from great to small, are in the order of superfine ash, fly ash, bottom ash.
04/02648
Coal facies studies in Brazil: a short review
da Silva, Z. C. C. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1-2), 119-124. Coal facies studies in Brazil have been done for south Brazilian coal measures over the past 20 years using different methods for reconstructing paleoenvironments of peat formation and deposition. The first studies were based on Teichmfiller's concept of macerals; from 1984 to 1993, microlithotypes and palynomorphs were used according to the methodology described by Hacquebard and Donaldson. In the 1990s, a new method of interpreting paleoenvironments
378
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 2004
Coal facies studies in Canada
Kalkreuth, W. D. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 23-30. The present study is a compilation of published data on coal facies studies in Canada based on coal petrological and other methods. The geological age of the coals range from the Devonian coal deposits in Arctic Canada to coals of Tertiary age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, intermontane British Columbia and Arctic Canada. In terms of rank, the coal deposits studied range from lignite to low volatile bituminous. Coal petrological methods include maceral and microlithotype analyses, frequently integrated with data from palynological and geochemical analyses. Most recently, a number of studies have applied sequence stratigraphic concepts to the coal-bearing strata including the interpretation of coal petrological data in the context of this concept.
04/02650
Coal facies studies in Greece
Christanis, K. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1-2), 99-106. In Greece, coal-forming conditions prevailed mainly during Neogene and Quaternary times in several intermontane and paralic basins and resulted in the formation of significant peat and lignite deposits. The economically recoverable lignite reserves are 3.9 Gt and the annual production, mainly for power generation, exceeds 65 Mr.
04•02651
Coal facies studies in Spain
Su~irez-Ruiz, I. and Jim6nez, A. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 31-39. This work is a synthesis of the distribution of the main coal basins and sub-basins in Spain as well as the research carried out on their coal facies. The coalfields are distributed through the Paleozoic (mainly Pennsylvanian), Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic times. Peats also exist in the southeast Spain (Granada area), although these types of deposits are not included in this review. Spanish coal basins are both of a paralic and intramontane type and the coal rank is highly variable, from lignite in the case of the younger coal seams to anthracite for those of Carboniferous age.
04/02652
Coal facies studies in the eastern United States
Hower, J. C. and Eble, C. F. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 3 22. Coals in the eastern United States (east of the Mississippi River) have been the subject of a number of coal facies studies, going back to the 19th century. Such studies would not necessarily fall within a strict modern classification of coal facies studies, but if a study encompassed some aspects of paleobotany, palynology, petrology, geochemistry, or sedimentology, the authors have assumed that some data and interpretations may be of use in evaluations of the facies. References are presented, as a guide for further research, with annotation in the tables.
04•02653 Effect of atmosphere and temperature on the speciation of mineral in coal combustion Wang, Q. et al. Fuel Processing Technology, 2004, 85, (12), 1431-1441. The behaviours of three mineral elements (Na, Fe and Si) during coal combustion in the temperature range 400-2200 K, pressure 1× 105 Pa, under both oxidizing and reducing conditions, have been studied in detail by a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis. The effects of atmosphere and temperature on the speciation of mineral species are discussed. It was found that the combustion conditions greatly affect the major speciation of mineral, since it influences, to some extent, the vaporization of these elements; when the temperature is above 1700 K, Na(g), NaOH(g), Fe(g) and SiO(g) are dominant gaseous species. The dominant species of mineral in flue gases depend on both the combustion conditions (reducing or oxidizing) and the type of coal.
04•02654 Elemental and functional composition of macerals of brown coal from the Uryup field, Shulyakovskaya, L. V. et al. Khimiya Tverdogo Topliva, 2003, 3, 3-2. (In Russian) Contributions of macerals of huminite (Ht) (vitrinite) and inertinite (I) groups to the elemental and functional composition of organic matter of 24 samples of brown coals were established from regression analysis of the data. According to the content of H and H/C atmospheric ratio, the following order of macerals was observed: L (liptinite) > Ht > I, which characterizes their reactivity in thermal transformation and hydrogenation. It was shown that air drying of coals to the final moisture content of < 2% leads in the case of huminite to the
01
SOLID FUELS
implementing organic geochemistry, sequence stratigraphy and the use of biomarkers has become more common in the literature, as well as the use of Diessel's Gelification Index and Tissue Preservation Index.
04•02649
Sources, winning, properties 04102644 A short report of the investigations made on the facies of Austrian coal deposits Sachsenhofer, R. F. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 87-89. Petrological studies on Austrian coal deposits started in the 1940s. During the last decade, multi-disciplinary investigations involving petrology, geochemistry, and palynology were performed to study the relationship between geodynamics, coal-forming environments, and coal properties.
04102645 A short report of the investigations made on the facies of German coal deposits Dehmer, J. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1-2), 4151. In 1996, Commission II of the ICCP set up a coal facies working group. The first step was to collate literature on coal facies analysis for different countries. This report provides an overview on the investigations made on the facies interpretations of German coal deposits over the last 50 years with an emphasis on Tertiary coals. It outlines the major deposits present in Germany and gives the main facies interpretations of coals of lignite and bituminous rank. Furthermore, it points out that there lies a certain ambiguity in the interpretation of specific maeeral associations, which could confuse facies analyses without the support of interdisciplinary studies and thus suggests that the working group should address this point for future work.
04/02646 Boron isotope composition of coals: a potential tracer of organic contaminated fluids Williams, L. B. and Hervig, R. L. Applied Geochemistry, 2004, 19, (10), 1625-1636. The boron-content of coals from sedimentary basins is a function of the primary depositional environment and secondary enrichments. Boron has been used to infer paleo-environments of coal deposits, and environmental impact of coal burning power plants. To improve the understanding of boron in organic matter, this study used secondary ion mass spectrometry to measure the boron-isotopic composition of 25 coals and three kerogens (Type I, II and III). Results show that coal is 1°B-enriched compared to most terrestrial waters. The ~SnB values measured show large variability within a single 'homogenized' coal sample indicating that boron is heterogeneously bound in various organic macerals. Of greater importance is the observation that all coal barb values are negative. The lowest 611B measured was - 7 0 representing the lightest B-isotopic ratios ever reported for terrestrial materials. Bulk analyses of coals may not reveal isotope ratios this low because of the averaging of values from different organic macerals having different 611B values. This discovery may be important for tracing organic contaminants in fluids. When organic matter is heated during burial, the isotopically light boron partitions into fluid phases. The very low ~11B of organic products compared to most groundwaters may be useful in tracing fluids derived from organic sources.
04/02647 Burning and migration behavior of trace elements of coal used in power plant Song, D. et al. Zhongguo Kuangye Daxue Xuebao, 2003, 32, (3), 316320. (In Chinese) Some harmful trace elements in raw coal, ash, fly ash, and superfine fly ash from Shizuishan, Shangwan, Dahuta and Haibowan power plants were tested using INAA and ICP-AES methods. Burning and migration behaviour and its environment effect of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Se, Mn, Ni, Co, U, Th, Be, Sb, Br were researched and their distribution and enriching characteristics in coal, bottom ash, fly ash and superfine fly ash were analysed. The result shows that for elements Hg and As, the enriching coefficients, from great to small, are in the order of superfine ash, fly ash, bottom ash.
04/02648
Coal facies studies in Brazil: a short review
da Silva, Z. C. C. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1-2), 119-124. Coal facies studies in Brazil have been done for south Brazilian coal measures over the past 20 years using different methods for reconstructing paleoenvironments of peat formation and deposition. The first studies were based on Teichmfiller's concept of macerals; from 1984 to 1993, microlithotypes and palynomorphs were used according to the methodology described by Hacquebard and Donaldson. In the 1990s, a new method of interpreting paleoenvironments
378
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 2004
Coal facies studies in Canada
Kalkreuth, W. D. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 23-30. The present study is a compilation of published data on coal facies studies in Canada based on coal petrological and other methods. The geological age of the coals range from the Devonian coal deposits in Arctic Canada to coals of Tertiary age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, intermontane British Columbia and Arctic Canada. In terms of rank, the coal deposits studied range from lignite to low volatile bituminous. Coal petrological methods include maceral and microlithotype analyses, frequently integrated with data from palynological and geochemical analyses. Most recently, a number of studies have applied sequence stratigraphic concepts to the coal-bearing strata including the interpretation of coal petrological data in the context of this concept.
04/02650
Coal facies studies in Greece
Christanis, K. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1-2), 99-106. In Greece, coal-forming conditions prevailed mainly during Neogene and Quaternary times in several intermontane and paralic basins and resulted in the formation of significant peat and lignite deposits. The economically recoverable lignite reserves are 3.9 Gt and the annual production, mainly for power generation, exceeds 65 Mr.
04•02651
Coal facies studies in Spain
Su~irez-Ruiz, I. and Jim6nez, A. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 31-39. This work is a synthesis of the distribution of the main coal basins and sub-basins in Spain as well as the research carried out on their coal facies. The coalfields are distributed through the Paleozoic (mainly Pennsylvanian), Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic times. Peats also exist in the southeast Spain (Granada area), although these types of deposits are not included in this review. Spanish coal basins are both of a paralic and intramontane type and the coal rank is highly variable, from lignite in the case of the younger coal seams to anthracite for those of Carboniferous age.
04/02652
Coal facies studies in the eastern United States
Hower, J. C. and Eble, C. F. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004, 58, (1 2), 3 22. Coals in the eastern United States (east of the Mississippi River) have been the subject of a number of coal facies studies, going back to the 19th century. Such studies would not necessarily fall within a strict modern classification of coal facies studies, but if a study encompassed some aspects of paleobotany, palynology, petrology, geochemistry, or sedimentology, the authors have assumed that some data and interpretations may be of use in evaluations of the facies. References are presented, as a guide for further research, with annotation in the tables.
04•02653 Effect of atmosphere and temperature on the speciation of mineral in coal combustion Wang, Q. et al. Fuel Processing Technology, 2004, 85, (12), 1431-1441. The behaviours of three mineral elements (Na, Fe and Si) during coal combustion in the temperature range 400-2200 K, pressure 1× 105 Pa, under both oxidizing and reducing conditions, have been studied in detail by a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis. The effects of atmosphere and temperature on the speciation of mineral species are discussed. It was found that the combustion conditions greatly affect the major speciation of mineral, since it influences, to some extent, the vaporization of these elements; when the temperature is above 1700 K, Na(g), NaOH(g), Fe(g) and SiO(g) are dominant gaseous species. The dominant species of mineral in flue gases depend on both the combustion conditions (reducing or oxidizing) and the type of coal.
04•02654 Elemental and functional composition of macerals of brown coal from the Uryup field, Shulyakovskaya, L. V. et al. Khimiya Tverdogo Topliva, 2003, 3, 3-2. (In Russian) Contributions of macerals of huminite (Ht) (vitrinite) and inertinite (I) groups to the elemental and functional composition of organic matter of 24 samples of brown coals were established from regression analysis of the data. According to the content of H and H/C atmospheric ratio, the following order of macerals was observed: L (liptinite) > Ht > I, which characterizes their reactivity in thermal transformation and hydrogenation. It was shown that air drying of coals to the final moisture content of < 2% leads in the case of huminite to the