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00436 A comparative study of design guide calculations and measured heat loss through the ground
16 Fuel science and technology (fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation) (biomass burning) may not be the true contributing sources. Presumably, accurate biomass burning source profile is needed to improve the CMB calculation of source contributions for particulate matter in Bangkok metropolitan area.
1
1 U
FUEL SCIENCE A N D TECHNOLOGY
05100432 Standardisation of environmental reporting Steven, M. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2004, 3, (1), 76-93. Environmental reporting is used by many organizations as an opportunity to improve communication with their stakeholders concerning environmental impacts and sustainability. Although several regulations and proposals for environmental reporting already exist, a standard is still lacking. The paper presents a comprehensive concept for the standardization of environmental reporting. After an overview of the most important tendencies towards standardization of environmental reporting, the concept comprising reporting principles, proposals for the structure of an environmental report, and valuation methods for environmental impacts is explained. Finally, the scope of reporting liability is adapted to the size, branch and country of an organization.
05/00433 The development of CO2 transcritical cycles
CO 2
expander technology in
Zha, S. and Ma, Y. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 2003, 20, (3), 233 244. In this study, the CO2 expansion process in COz transcritical cycles is analysed by taking a typical operation condition as an example. The expansion work is divided into two parts: the first is the work done mainly by pressure potential energy without the phase change, and the second is the work done mainly through the volume expansion of the two-phase fluid. According to the process, the ideal expander requirement was given. By the comparison and evaluation of many types of expander, the rolling piston was identified for the initial development due to its low cost, wide application, and reasonable efficiency. The rolling piston efficiency was analysed and the inlet fluid control methods were discussed.
05/00434 The terrestrial ecosystem monitoring sites: a utility assessment Tschirley, J. et al. International Journal ~)[ Environmental Issues, 2003, 3, (4), 369-381. Ecological research sites generate data that are potentially useful at the national, regional and global scales. However, most of the data remain embedded in local, project-specific research programmes. The primary role of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) is to act as a data broker and bring researchers and modellers together in order to better understand global change processes in areas such as climate change and biodiversity. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites (TEMS) database is a GTOS-led effort to enhance the ability of sites to collaborate and provide a framework for researchers, resource managers and decision makers who seek data to support their efforts at the regional and global levels. Early in 2002, a user survey was carried out to assess the use of the TEMS database, the adequacy of geographic coverage and identify future user requirements. The survey also assessed the utility of specific features within the website such as the environmental variables methodology sheets, the search engines and the dynamic map interface. The results confirmed that TEMS contains useful information that can be easily accessed. The registered sites are under-represented, on both an eco-regional and continental basis, in all geographic areas except for Europe and Northern America. Data sharing, including satellite imagery, was indicated to be of high priority; however, free access to data remains a constraint in some regions. Finally, a focus on electronic solicitation and outreach should be continued.
05/00435 Trends of exhaust emissions from gasoline motor vehicles in the metropolitan area of Mexico city Schifter, I. et al. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2004, 21, (2), 166 174. Light duty gasoline vehicles account for most of CO, hydrocarbons and NOx emissions to the urban environment in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. In order to ameliorate air pollution, several control measures have been imposed in the last decade, such as: up-grade of gasoline's quality, stringent environmental standards, and catalytic converters. On the other hand and from the beginning of 2001, Tier I emission standards became mandatory for all new model year sold in the country. Car manufacturers in Mexico do not guarantee the performance of their exhaust emissions systems for a given mileage. In this work results were presented on brand new vehicles that indicate that NOx emission factors, though they are within the Tier I standard, deteriorate rapidly with the travelled distance (mileage).
58
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 2005
Fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation 05/00436 A comparative study of design guide calculations and measured heat loss through the ground Adjali, M. H. et al. Building and Environment, 2004, 39, (ll), 13011311. This study forms part of an investigation of the critical issue of earthcontact heat transfer to and from buildings. The overall research project involved in situ measurements, extensive simulation work and design guide calculations of heat loss through the ground from different real buildings. The results obtained, where possible, from the application of established calculation procedures are presented here in comparison with data obtained directly from full-scale experimental studies. It is shown that in some cases, when applicable, the methods used here agree relatively well with each other. However, different design methods can lead to very different estimations of earth-related heat losses.
05/00437 A crossover SAFT-VR equation of state for pure fluids: preliminary results for light hydrocarbons McCabe, C. and Kiselev, S. B. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004, 219, (l), 39. Statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) is perhaps the most versatile, fundamentally, based engineering equation of state in use today. However, in common with all analytic equations of state, SAFT exhibits classical behaviour in the critical region rather than the nonanalytical, singular behaviour seen in real fluids. Recently, so-called crossover equations of state have been developed which solve this shortcoming by incorporating the scaling laws valid asymptotically close to the critical point while reducing to the original classical equation of state far from the critical point. The authors have combined the SAFTVR equation of state with an analytical crossover technique to obtain the SAFT-VRX equation of state. The SAFT-VRX approach combines the accurate low temperature behaviour of SAFT-VR with a precise representation of the critical region. Preliminary results are presented for hydrocarbon systems which illustrate the accuracy of the SAFTVRX approach over the entire fluid phase region.
05•00438 A Galerkin approach to the boundary elementresponse matrix method for the multigroup neutron diffusion equations Maiani, M. and Montagnini, B. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2004, 31, (13), 1447-1475. The boundary element method (BEM) is a natural candidate for the evaluation of the fuel assembly response matrix (RM) coefficients in reactor core neutron flux calculations. A BEM technique based on the application of the Galerkin method is presented, which allows for a fast and accurate computation of the RM elements. The resulting coupled BEM-RM method for 2D multigroup diffusion problems turns out to be very accurate and with a computational efficiency not too distant from that of finite element or nodal methods.
05/00439 A genetic based algorithm for voltage flicker measurement AI-Hasawi, W. M. and El-Naggar, K. M. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2004, 26, (8), 593 596. Measurements of voltage flicker levels and its frequency is of great concern to the utility in order to prevent unacceptable voltage fluctuation in the supplying system. This paper introduces a new digital approach for the measurements of voltage flicker and its frequency using the genetic algorithm (GAs) optimization technique. The algorithm is tested using simulated data. Effects of number of samples, sampling frequency and the sample window size are studied. Effects of GAs parameters and operators, such as population size, crossover, mutation probabilities, niching and fitness functions are also studied. Results are reported and discussed.
05•00440 A universal relationship for estimating daily clear sky insolation Lingamgunta, C. and Veziroglu, T. N. Energy Conversion and Management, 2004, 45, (15-16), 2313-2333. An investigation of estimating daily clear sky insolation has been conducted. Some discrepancies have been found between the conventional method of estimation and the data. It has been noticed that the
1
1 U
FUEL SCIENCE A N D TECHNOLOGY
05100432 Standardisation of environmental reporting Steven, M. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2004, 3, (1), 76-93. Environmental reporting is used by many organizations as an opportunity to improve communication with their stakeholders concerning environmental impacts and sustainability. Although several regulations and proposals for environmental reporting already exist, a standard is still lacking. The paper presents a comprehensive concept for the standardization of environmental reporting. After an overview of the most important tendencies towards standardization of environmental reporting, the concept comprising reporting principles, proposals for the structure of an environmental report, and valuation methods for environmental impacts is explained. Finally, the scope of reporting liability is adapted to the size, branch and country of an organization.
05/00433 The development of CO2 transcritical cycles
CO 2
expander technology in
Zha, S. and Ma, Y. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 2003, 20, (3), 233 244. In this study, the CO2 expansion process in COz transcritical cycles is analysed by taking a typical operation condition as an example. The expansion work is divided into two parts: the first is the work done mainly by pressure potential energy without the phase change, and the second is the work done mainly through the volume expansion of the two-phase fluid. According to the process, the ideal expander requirement was given. By the comparison and evaluation of many types of expander, the rolling piston was identified for the initial development due to its low cost, wide application, and reasonable efficiency. The rolling piston efficiency was analysed and the inlet fluid control methods were discussed.
05/00434 The terrestrial ecosystem monitoring sites: a utility assessment Tschirley, J. et al. International Journal ~)[ Environmental Issues, 2003, 3, (4), 369-381. Ecological research sites generate data that are potentially useful at the national, regional and global scales. However, most of the data remain embedded in local, project-specific research programmes. The primary role of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) is to act as a data broker and bring researchers and modellers together in order to better understand global change processes in areas such as climate change and biodiversity. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites (TEMS) database is a GTOS-led effort to enhance the ability of sites to collaborate and provide a framework for researchers, resource managers and decision makers who seek data to support their efforts at the regional and global levels. Early in 2002, a user survey was carried out to assess the use of the TEMS database, the adequacy of geographic coverage and identify future user requirements. The survey also assessed the utility of specific features within the website such as the environmental variables methodology sheets, the search engines and the dynamic map interface. The results confirmed that TEMS contains useful information that can be easily accessed. The registered sites are under-represented, on both an eco-regional and continental basis, in all geographic areas except for Europe and Northern America. Data sharing, including satellite imagery, was indicated to be of high priority; however, free access to data remains a constraint in some regions. Finally, a focus on electronic solicitation and outreach should be continued.
05/00435 Trends of exhaust emissions from gasoline motor vehicles in the metropolitan area of Mexico city Schifter, I. et al. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2004, 21, (2), 166 174. Light duty gasoline vehicles account for most of CO, hydrocarbons and NOx emissions to the urban environment in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. In order to ameliorate air pollution, several control measures have been imposed in the last decade, such as: up-grade of gasoline's quality, stringent environmental standards, and catalytic converters. On the other hand and from the beginning of 2001, Tier I emission standards became mandatory for all new model year sold in the country. Car manufacturers in Mexico do not guarantee the performance of their exhaust emissions systems for a given mileage. In this work results were presented on brand new vehicles that indicate that NOx emission factors, though they are within the Tier I standard, deteriorate rapidly with the travelled distance (mileage).
58
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 2005
Fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation 05/00436 A comparative study of design guide calculations and measured heat loss through the ground Adjali, M. H. et al. Building and Environment, 2004, 39, (ll), 13011311. This study forms part of an investigation of the critical issue of earthcontact heat transfer to and from buildings. The overall research project involved in situ measurements, extensive simulation work and design guide calculations of heat loss through the ground from different real buildings. The results obtained, where possible, from the application of established calculation procedures are presented here in comparison with data obtained directly from full-scale experimental studies. It is shown that in some cases, when applicable, the methods used here agree relatively well with each other. However, different design methods can lead to very different estimations of earth-related heat losses.
05/00437 A crossover SAFT-VR equation of state for pure fluids: preliminary results for light hydrocarbons McCabe, C. and Kiselev, S. B. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004, 219, (l), 39. Statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) is perhaps the most versatile, fundamentally, based engineering equation of state in use today. However, in common with all analytic equations of state, SAFT exhibits classical behaviour in the critical region rather than the nonanalytical, singular behaviour seen in real fluids. Recently, so-called crossover equations of state have been developed which solve this shortcoming by incorporating the scaling laws valid asymptotically close to the critical point while reducing to the original classical equation of state far from the critical point. The authors have combined the SAFTVR equation of state with an analytical crossover technique to obtain the SAFT-VRX equation of state. The SAFT-VRX approach combines the accurate low temperature behaviour of SAFT-VR with a precise representation of the critical region. Preliminary results are presented for hydrocarbon systems which illustrate the accuracy of the SAFTVRX approach over the entire fluid phase region.
05•00438 A Galerkin approach to the boundary elementresponse matrix method for the multigroup neutron diffusion equations Maiani, M. and Montagnini, B. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2004, 31, (13), 1447-1475. The boundary element method (BEM) is a natural candidate for the evaluation of the fuel assembly response matrix (RM) coefficients in reactor core neutron flux calculations. A BEM technique based on the application of the Galerkin method is presented, which allows for a fast and accurate computation of the RM elements. The resulting coupled BEM-RM method for 2D multigroup diffusion problems turns out to be very accurate and with a computational efficiency not too distant from that of finite element or nodal methods.
05/00439 A genetic based algorithm for voltage flicker measurement AI-Hasawi, W. M. and El-Naggar, K. M. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2004, 26, (8), 593 596. Measurements of voltage flicker levels and its frequency is of great concern to the utility in order to prevent unacceptable voltage fluctuation in the supplying system. This paper introduces a new digital approach for the measurements of voltage flicker and its frequency using the genetic algorithm (GAs) optimization technique. The algorithm is tested using simulated data. Effects of number of samples, sampling frequency and the sample window size are studied. Effects of GAs parameters and operators, such as population size, crossover, mutation probabilities, niching and fitness functions are also studied. Results are reported and discussed.
05•00440 A universal relationship for estimating daily clear sky insolation Lingamgunta, C. and Veziroglu, T. N. Energy Conversion and Management, 2004, 45, (15-16), 2313-2333. An investigation of estimating daily clear sky insolation has been conducted. Some discrepancies have been found between the conventional method of estimation and the data. It has been noticed that the