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01429 Isothermal and isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for the binary system trimethylbenzoquinone + n-hexanol
02 Liquid fuels (sources, properties, recovery) alkanolamine) and mole fraction of H2S at each temperature studied. Enthalpies of solution of H2S have been derived from the pressuretemperature concentration data. Experimental solubility data obtained in the laboratory for H2S and CO2 are compared, and it is possible to establish that the aqueous solutions of MDEA, DEA, and AMP studied in this work are highly selective towards H2S under the same conditions of pressure and temperature.
05•01424 Geochemical characterization and source investigation of oils discovered in Khoraghat-Nambar structures of the Assam-Arakan Basin, India Goswami, B.G. et al. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36, (2), 161-181. This study examined the geochemical compositions of the newly discovered Bokabil and Sylhet oils and of the extracts of potential source rock samples from the Khoraghat-Nambar area of the AssamArakan Basin, India. Stable carbon isotopic compositions and a number of biomarkers indicate that oils in the Bokabil Formation (Early to Middle Miocene) can be correlated across the Khoraghat and Nambar fields. However, oil from the Sylhet Formation (Middle to Late Eocene) is distinct from those in the Bokabil Formation. Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Barail coal-shale and Middle to Late Eocene Kopili shale sequences are identified as potential source rocks. Both strata contain organic matter predominantly derived from higher land plants; however, different organofacies exist for Barail coal-shale and Kopili shale sequences that can be distinguished by the stable carbon isotopic compositions and biomarker distributions. An oilsource correlation study shows that Barail rock extracts are genetically correlatable with the Bokabil oils, whereas Kopili rock extracts have similar source-specific parameters to those of the Sylhet oil. Thus, the study suggests the presence of two petroleum systems in the Khoraghat-Nambar area: the Barail-Bokabil and the Kopili-Sylhet petroleum systems. Barail and Kopili sediments from the study area are of lower maturity than the oils, suggesting that the actual source strata are more mature equivalents likely to be present in the Naga-Schuppen zone. Therefore, areas in and around the Naga-Schuppen zone, where better reservoir facies are expected, are favoured targets for further exploration.
05•01425 Geochemical comparison of fluid inclusion and present-day oil accumulations in the Papuan Foreland evidence for previously unrecognized petroleum source rocks Volk, H. et al. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36, (1), 29-51. Petroleum production in Papua New Guinea is limited to the Papuan Fold Belt. Present-day oil accumulations in fields such as Iagifu, Hedinia and Gobe are thought to be mainly derived from clay-rich, Jurassic marine source rocks containing terrestrially-derived organic matter that were deposited under oxic conditions. In this study, other generative source rocks in the Papuan Foreland are indicated using fluid inclusion (FI) oil data from three wildcat wells Koko-1, Bujon-1 and Kimu-1, which were drilled on the Bosavi Arch. Detailed organic geochemistry of these FI oils, and associated free oils or oil stains, suggests that none of these were generated from the aforementioned Jurassic source rocks. Instead, at least three different generative source rocks are indicated. Firstly, a marine, probably Late Cretaceous or younger source rock deposited under reducing conditions is indicated by the Bujon-1 FI oil. This source rock had a moderate contribution from higher plant organic matter, including oleanane and/or lupane. The Bujon-1 FI oil has similarities with FI oils from the Iagifu-7x and P'nyang-2X wells in the Papuan Fold Belt. Secondly, an algaldominated, lacustrine source rock is indicated by the biodegraded Koko-1 R F T crude oil, the unbiodegraded FI oil from Koko-1, and the Bujon-1 oil stains from the Toro and Imburu formations. These lacustrine oils have high abundances of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, homopregnane and gammacerane, contain fl-carotane, and have high C26/C25 tricyclic terpane ratios. The source of the lacustrine oils is inferred to contain moderate amounts of terrestrial organic matter, indicated by a dominance of C29 steranes and abundant aromatic higher plant biomarkers, and could be gypsiferous shales embedded in Oligocene-Miocene carbonates, or Triassic-age sediments deposited on igneous basement during early rifting associated with the break-up of Gondwana. The Kimu-1 FI oil was generated from a mature, marine, suboxic source rock, but has a different geochemical composition to free oil from a similar interval, which was derived from a carbonaterich source rock. None of the FI oils correlate well with oil families previously described in Papua New Guinea. Accordingly, the oils recovered from FIs in this part of the Papuan Basin support the presence of laterally varying source rock compositions and qualities, and indicate that there are opportunities to develop new charge models for features across the Papuan Foreland. Furthermore, Koko-1, Bujon1 and Kimu-1 FI oils have different geochemical compositions compared to the associated free oils or oil stains, indicating that each of these localities has a multi-phase charge history. Further work to
216
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 2005
lower exploration risk in the Papuan Foreland should be directed to understanding the distribution, maturity and expulsion history of these newly recognized potential source rocks.
05•01426 Heavy metals contribution of non-aqueous fluids used in offshore oil drilling Pozebon, D. et al. Fuel, 2005, 84, (1), 53 61. A monitoring program was performed to investigate heavy metal content alteration due to exploratory drilling for oil using non-aqueous fluids (NAFs) in Brazilian offshore, 900 m deep. Fourteen elements were monitored in 54 sites and it was verified that after drilling activities the average Ba concentration was remarkably increased with respect to background level, even 1 year after the activity. A minor increase in Mn and a moderate increase in AI concentrations were verified. The Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Co, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations were at the background levels, ca. 1 year after the NAFs drilling materials deposition on the seafloor. The A1, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn mean concentrations were significantly different (P<0.05) between the three sampling operations (cruises) performed, while As, Cd, Fe and Pb presented different mean values according to the distance of the oil well, independent of the sampling operation. Interaction between sampling operation and distance was observed for Mn. In all sediment samples the Hg concentration was below the detection limit (0.07 gg g-a).
05•01427 High-pressure phase equilibria of some carbon dioxide-organic-water systems Lazzaroni, M. J. et al. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004, 224, (1), 143-154. Homogeneous catalysts offer better activity and selectivity than heterogeneous catalysts, but their use is limited by the need to separate them from product and reuse them. Preferential dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide has been shown to alter phase boundaries and facilitate recovery of such homogenous catalysts. The addition of a polar organic co-solvent to a water/organic biphasic system, coupled with subsequent phase splitting induced by the dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide creates the opportunity to run homogeneous reactions in an organic/aqueous mixture with a water-soluble catalyst. In homogeneous catalysed reactions, the catalyst can be tuned to be soluble or insoluble with carbon dioxide present, thus allowing for high catalyst recovery. High-pressure phase equilibria for the systems containing carbon dioxide, an organic (tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or 1,4-dioxane), and water were measured using a variable-volume view cell, by a method capable of rapid and facile measurement of compositions and density in both phases with no sampling or calibration. These systems are well predicted with the Peng-Robinson Equation of State with Huron-Vidal type mixing rules from correlations of the binary systems, with the modified Huron-Vidal 1 (MHV1) and Huron-Vidal-Orbey-Sandler (HVOS) model with U N I Q U A C excess energy model performing the best. Applications of the phase behaviour on reaction conditions and separations are addressed.
05•01428 Influence of different sulfur compounds on corrosion due to naphthenic acid Y6pez, O. Fuel, 2005, 84, (1), 97-104. The influence of different sulfur compounds on corrosion due to naphthenic acid was studied by means of the new method FeNCOR TM. It was found that such influence occurs after the reduction of the given sulfur compound by the cathodic reaction of the overall process of naphthenic acid corrosion. When the reduction product is H2S the formation of a potentially protective layer of FeS occurs, whereas when the reduction product is H20, coming from the reduction of sulfoxides, the naphthenic acid corrosion is enhanced. These findings help to understand crude oil corrosivity behaviour and serve as a warning for blending.
05101429 Isothermal and isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for the binary system trimethylbenzoquinone + n-hexanol Tan, T. et al. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004, 224, (2), 279-283. Isothermal and isobaric vapour-liquid equilibria data for the binary system trimethylbenzoquinone + n-hexanol, measured with an inclined ebulliometer are presented. The experimental results are analysed using the U N I Q U A C equation with the temperature-dependent binary parameters with satisfactory results. Experimental vapour pressures of trimethylbenzoquinone and n-hexonal are also included.
05•01430 Isotopic and molecular characteristics of Miocene-reservoired oils of the Kutei Basin, Indonesia Curiale, J. et al. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36, (3), 405-424. Thirty-two oils reservoired in Miocene sands of the Kutei Basin of Indonesia have been examined isotopically and molecularly for the purposes of determining source-defined families and estimating the depositional and compositional characteristics of their source rocks. The oil set is geographically distributed within, north, east, and south of the Mahakam River delta, and comprises oils from wells drilled
05•01424 Geochemical characterization and source investigation of oils discovered in Khoraghat-Nambar structures of the Assam-Arakan Basin, India Goswami, B.G. et al. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36, (2), 161-181. This study examined the geochemical compositions of the newly discovered Bokabil and Sylhet oils and of the extracts of potential source rock samples from the Khoraghat-Nambar area of the AssamArakan Basin, India. Stable carbon isotopic compositions and a number of biomarkers indicate that oils in the Bokabil Formation (Early to Middle Miocene) can be correlated across the Khoraghat and Nambar fields. However, oil from the Sylhet Formation (Middle to Late Eocene) is distinct from those in the Bokabil Formation. Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Barail coal-shale and Middle to Late Eocene Kopili shale sequences are identified as potential source rocks. Both strata contain organic matter predominantly derived from higher land plants; however, different organofacies exist for Barail coal-shale and Kopili shale sequences that can be distinguished by the stable carbon isotopic compositions and biomarker distributions. An oilsource correlation study shows that Barail rock extracts are genetically correlatable with the Bokabil oils, whereas Kopili rock extracts have similar source-specific parameters to those of the Sylhet oil. Thus, the study suggests the presence of two petroleum systems in the Khoraghat-Nambar area: the Barail-Bokabil and the Kopili-Sylhet petroleum systems. Barail and Kopili sediments from the study area are of lower maturity than the oils, suggesting that the actual source strata are more mature equivalents likely to be present in the Naga-Schuppen zone. Therefore, areas in and around the Naga-Schuppen zone, where better reservoir facies are expected, are favoured targets for further exploration.
05•01425 Geochemical comparison of fluid inclusion and present-day oil accumulations in the Papuan Foreland evidence for previously unrecognized petroleum source rocks Volk, H. et al. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36, (1), 29-51. Petroleum production in Papua New Guinea is limited to the Papuan Fold Belt. Present-day oil accumulations in fields such as Iagifu, Hedinia and Gobe are thought to be mainly derived from clay-rich, Jurassic marine source rocks containing terrestrially-derived organic matter that were deposited under oxic conditions. In this study, other generative source rocks in the Papuan Foreland are indicated using fluid inclusion (FI) oil data from three wildcat wells Koko-1, Bujon-1 and Kimu-1, which were drilled on the Bosavi Arch. Detailed organic geochemistry of these FI oils, and associated free oils or oil stains, suggests that none of these were generated from the aforementioned Jurassic source rocks. Instead, at least three different generative source rocks are indicated. Firstly, a marine, probably Late Cretaceous or younger source rock deposited under reducing conditions is indicated by the Bujon-1 FI oil. This source rock had a moderate contribution from higher plant organic matter, including oleanane and/or lupane. The Bujon-1 FI oil has similarities with FI oils from the Iagifu-7x and P'nyang-2X wells in the Papuan Fold Belt. Secondly, an algaldominated, lacustrine source rock is indicated by the biodegraded Koko-1 R F T crude oil, the unbiodegraded FI oil from Koko-1, and the Bujon-1 oil stains from the Toro and Imburu formations. These lacustrine oils have high abundances of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, homopregnane and gammacerane, contain fl-carotane, and have high C26/C25 tricyclic terpane ratios. The source of the lacustrine oils is inferred to contain moderate amounts of terrestrial organic matter, indicated by a dominance of C29 steranes and abundant aromatic higher plant biomarkers, and could be gypsiferous shales embedded in Oligocene-Miocene carbonates, or Triassic-age sediments deposited on igneous basement during early rifting associated with the break-up of Gondwana. The Kimu-1 FI oil was generated from a mature, marine, suboxic source rock, but has a different geochemical composition to free oil from a similar interval, which was derived from a carbonaterich source rock. None of the FI oils correlate well with oil families previously described in Papua New Guinea. Accordingly, the oils recovered from FIs in this part of the Papuan Basin support the presence of laterally varying source rock compositions and qualities, and indicate that there are opportunities to develop new charge models for features across the Papuan Foreland. Furthermore, Koko-1, Bujon1 and Kimu-1 FI oils have different geochemical compositions compared to the associated free oils or oil stains, indicating that each of these localities has a multi-phase charge history. Further work to
216
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 2005
lower exploration risk in the Papuan Foreland should be directed to understanding the distribution, maturity and expulsion history of these newly recognized potential source rocks.
05•01426 Heavy metals contribution of non-aqueous fluids used in offshore oil drilling Pozebon, D. et al. Fuel, 2005, 84, (1), 53 61. A monitoring program was performed to investigate heavy metal content alteration due to exploratory drilling for oil using non-aqueous fluids (NAFs) in Brazilian offshore, 900 m deep. Fourteen elements were monitored in 54 sites and it was verified that after drilling activities the average Ba concentration was remarkably increased with respect to background level, even 1 year after the activity. A minor increase in Mn and a moderate increase in AI concentrations were verified. The Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Co, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations were at the background levels, ca. 1 year after the NAFs drilling materials deposition on the seafloor. The A1, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn mean concentrations were significantly different (P<0.05) between the three sampling operations (cruises) performed, while As, Cd, Fe and Pb presented different mean values according to the distance of the oil well, independent of the sampling operation. Interaction between sampling operation and distance was observed for Mn. In all sediment samples the Hg concentration was below the detection limit (0.07 gg g-a).
05•01427 High-pressure phase equilibria of some carbon dioxide-organic-water systems Lazzaroni, M. J. et al. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004, 224, (1), 143-154. Homogeneous catalysts offer better activity and selectivity than heterogeneous catalysts, but their use is limited by the need to separate them from product and reuse them. Preferential dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide has been shown to alter phase boundaries and facilitate recovery of such homogenous catalysts. The addition of a polar organic co-solvent to a water/organic biphasic system, coupled with subsequent phase splitting induced by the dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide creates the opportunity to run homogeneous reactions in an organic/aqueous mixture with a water-soluble catalyst. In homogeneous catalysed reactions, the catalyst can be tuned to be soluble or insoluble with carbon dioxide present, thus allowing for high catalyst recovery. High-pressure phase equilibria for the systems containing carbon dioxide, an organic (tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or 1,4-dioxane), and water were measured using a variable-volume view cell, by a method capable of rapid and facile measurement of compositions and density in both phases with no sampling or calibration. These systems are well predicted with the Peng-Robinson Equation of State with Huron-Vidal type mixing rules from correlations of the binary systems, with the modified Huron-Vidal 1 (MHV1) and Huron-Vidal-Orbey-Sandler (HVOS) model with U N I Q U A C excess energy model performing the best. Applications of the phase behaviour on reaction conditions and separations are addressed.
05•01428 Influence of different sulfur compounds on corrosion due to naphthenic acid Y6pez, O. Fuel, 2005, 84, (1), 97-104. The influence of different sulfur compounds on corrosion due to naphthenic acid was studied by means of the new method FeNCOR TM. It was found that such influence occurs after the reduction of the given sulfur compound by the cathodic reaction of the overall process of naphthenic acid corrosion. When the reduction product is H2S the formation of a potentially protective layer of FeS occurs, whereas when the reduction product is H20, coming from the reduction of sulfoxides, the naphthenic acid corrosion is enhanced. These findings help to understand crude oil corrosivity behaviour and serve as a warning for blending.
05101429 Isothermal and isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for the binary system trimethylbenzoquinone + n-hexanol Tan, T. et al. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004, 224, (2), 279-283. Isothermal and isobaric vapour-liquid equilibria data for the binary system trimethylbenzoquinone + n-hexanol, measured with an inclined ebulliometer are presented. The experimental results are analysed using the U N I Q U A C equation with the temperature-dependent binary parameters with satisfactory results. Experimental vapour pressures of trimethylbenzoquinone and n-hexonal are also included.
05•01430 Isotopic and molecular characteristics of Miocene-reservoired oils of the Kutei Basin, Indonesia Curiale, J. et al. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36, (3), 405-424. Thirty-two oils reservoired in Miocene sands of the Kutei Basin of Indonesia have been examined isotopically and molecularly for the purposes of determining source-defined families and estimating the depositional and compositional characteristics of their source rocks. The oil set is geographically distributed within, north, east, and south of the Mahakam River delta, and comprises oils from wells drilled