- Email: [email protected]
02557 Governance of electricity transmission systems
06 Electrical power supply and utilization (economics, policy, supplies, forecasts) energy utilization values. The models developed in the quadratic form are applied to Turkey, which is selected as an application country. Turkey's future residential energy output demand is estimated based on GDP, population, import, export, house production, cement production and basic house appliances consumption figures. Among these models, the so-called G A - R W T V R model, which uses residential housing production, house appliances sales of washing machine, television, vacuum cleaner and refrigerator as design parameters/ indicators, was found to provide the best-fit solution to the observed data. It may be concluded that the models proposed can be used as an alternative solution and estimation techniques to available estimation techniq.ues in predicting the future energy utilization values of countries.
05•02554 External costs of electricity production: case study Croatia Vrhovcak, M. B. et al. Energy Policy, 2005, 33, (11), 1385 1395. Because electricity production is one of the major sources of pollution, and at the same time is the most centralized one, environmental issues in power system operation and planning are gaining ever-increasing attention. It is very difficult to compare environmental impacts of various electricity generation technologies and fuel types because they are extremely divergent. The most widely accepted common denominator today is the so-called external cost by which a monetary value is associated with environmental damage. In this paper, damages to h u m a n health resulting from Croatian thermal power plants annual operation are presented. Stack emissions have been translated into ambient concentrations by atmospheric dispersion modelling. Existing data on relations between h u m a n health degradation and ground concentrations of the analysed pollutants have been used. Geographic information software has been used in order to account for spatially dependent data. Monetary values have been assigned to the estimated human health damage. External costs resulting from impact of Croatian thermal power plants airborne emissions on h u m a n health have been calculated. The total Croatian thermal power system external costs, resulting from impacts on h u m a n health, are presented and discussed.
05•02555 Gas fired combined cycle plant in Singapore: energy use, GWP and cost - a life cycle approach Kannan, R. er al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46, (1314), 2145-2157. A life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the non-renewable (fossil) energy use and global warming potential (GWP) in electricity generation from a typical gas-fired combined cycle power plant in Singapore. The cost of electricity generation was estimated using a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) tool. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of a 367.5 MW gas-fired combined cycle power plant operating in Singapore revealed that hidden processes consume about 8% extra energy in addition to the fuel embedded energy, and the hidden GWP is about 18%. The natural gas consumed during the operational phase accounted for 82% of the life cycle cost of electricity generation. An empirical relation between plant efficiency and life cycle energy use and GWP in addition to a scenario for electricity cost with varying gas prices and plant efficiency have been established.
05•02556 Global power system control using generator excitation, PSS, FACTS devices and capacitor switching Leung, J. S. K. et al. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2005, 27, (5-6), 448 464. A novel power system control scheme is developed in this paper using a framework for coordinating dissimilar controllers at different locations. The control actions are formulated in the so-called global controller as a set of local controllers, namely the generator excitation controller, power system stabilizer (PSS), unified power flow controller (UPFC) and capacitor switching, which are coordinated to maintain transient angle stability, transient voltage stability and damping of long-term inter-area oscillations following a disturbance. The proposed coordinated control scheme is tested on a nine-bus example system.
05/02557
Governance of electricity transmission systems
Boyce, J. R. and Hollis, A. Energy Economics, 2005, 27, (2), 237 255. This paper examines three different governance mechanisms for electricity transmission systems. A regulated transmission company ('Transco') solution suffers from the usual problems of regulatory slack in a natural monopoly. A not-for-profit independent system operator ('NISO') solution solves the regulatory slack problem by being involved in the day-to-day operations; however, the NISO solution suffers from the problem that the NISO directors can become 'captured' by industry, leading to inefficient outcomes. In contrast, a for-profit independent system operator ('PISO') solves the regulatory slack problem and is not subject to political pressure from industry.
05102558 Heat and power demands in babassu palm oil extraction industry in Brazil Teixcira, M. A. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46, (13-14), 2068-2074. The objective of this paper is to analyse the energy use profile of the babassu (Orbignya ssp-Palmae) oil extraction industry in Brazil in order to establish the basis for a cogeneration study of this important part of the Brazilian Northeast region economy, which is still ignored by energetic biomass studies. The work used information from new equipment suppliers that was analysed against field information from operating units. The data was used to establish a basis for the thermal and mechanical energy consumption for the two main basic unit profiles for the sector: a simple one with just oil extraction and the other, more vertically integrated with other secondary by-products. For the energetic demand taken from the only oil extraction unit profile study, the minimum pressure for the steam process was estimated at 1.4 MPa, electric demand at 5.79 kW/ton of processed kernel and heat consumption at 207t MJ/ton of processed kernel (829 kg steam/ton of processed kernel). For the vertically integrated unit profile, the following values were found: minimum pressure for the steam process 1.4 MPa, electric demand 6.22 kW/ton of processed kernel and heat consumption 21,503 MJ/ton of processed kernel (7600 kg steam/ton of processed kernel).
05/02559 High performance SOFC/GT combined power generation system with CO2 recovery by oxygen combustion method Matsumae, Y. I. et al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46, (11-12), 1837-1847. The authors newly propose and investigate two types of carbon dioxide recovering SOFC/GT combined power generation systems in which a gas turbine with carbon dioxide recycle or water vapour injection is adopted as the bottoming cycle. In these systems, fuel gas is first introduced to a SOFC, and its exhaust fuel gas is after-burned by pure oxygen. Carbon dioxide or water vapour is also injected into the combustor to reduce the combustion gas temperature. The obtained combustion gas, which is composed of only carbon dioxide and water vapour, is introduced to a gas turbine in the bottoming cycle. The exhaust gas of the gas turbine preheats the injection gas, and then, carbon dioxide is separated by only cooling and water condensation. It is made clear that the overall efficiency of the system with carbon dioxide recycle reaches 63.87% (HHV) or 70.88% (LHV), and that of the system with water vapour injection reaches 65.00% (HHV) or 72.13% (LHV). These values are sufficiently high, indicating that the proposed systems are worth further research and development.
05102560 Industrial DSM in a deregulated European electricity market - a case study of 11 plants in Sweden Trygg, L. and Karlsson, B. G. Energy Policy, 2005, 33, (ll), 1445-1459. In 2004 Sweden will become part of a common European electricity market. This implies that the price of electricity in Swedish will adapt to a higher European electricity price due to the increase in crossborder trading. Swedish plant is characterized as more electricityintensive than plant on the European continent, and this, in combination with a higher European electricity price will lead to a precarious scenario. This paper studies the energy use of 11 plants in the municipality of Oskarshamn in Sweden. The aim is to show how these plants can reduce their electricity use to adapt to a European level. The authors have found that the plants could reduce their use of electricity by 48% and their use of energy by 40%. In a European perspective, where coal-condensing power is assumed to be the marginal production that alters as the electricity demand changes, the decrease in the use of electricity in this study leads to a reduction in global emissions of carbon dioxide of 69,000 tonnes a year. Electricity generated in Sweden emits very low emissions of carbon dioxide and have thus consequently very low external cost. The freed capacity in Sweden could therefore replace electricity generated with higher external cost and as a result lower the total external cost in Europe. The emissions from the saved electricity could also be valuable within the E U emissions trading scheme, if the emissions calculation is done assuming the marginal electricity is fossil fuel based.
05•02561 Innovative service restoration of distribution systems by considering short-term load forecasting of service zones Huang, M.-Y. et al. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2005, 27, (5-6), 417427. A rule-based expert system with a coloured Petri net (CPN) inference model is developed for service restoration of distribution systems with fault contingency. The CPN models of distribution components such as four-way line switches are proposed to derive the proper restoration plan after the faulted location has been identified and isolated. To assure the restoration plan can comply with the operation regulation, heuristic rules based on the standard operation procedures of Taipower distribution system are included in the best first search of
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 2005
375
05•02554 External costs of electricity production: case study Croatia Vrhovcak, M. B. et al. Energy Policy, 2005, 33, (11), 1385 1395. Because electricity production is one of the major sources of pollution, and at the same time is the most centralized one, environmental issues in power system operation and planning are gaining ever-increasing attention. It is very difficult to compare environmental impacts of various electricity generation technologies and fuel types because they are extremely divergent. The most widely accepted common denominator today is the so-called external cost by which a monetary value is associated with environmental damage. In this paper, damages to h u m a n health resulting from Croatian thermal power plants annual operation are presented. Stack emissions have been translated into ambient concentrations by atmospheric dispersion modelling. Existing data on relations between h u m a n health degradation and ground concentrations of the analysed pollutants have been used. Geographic information software has been used in order to account for spatially dependent data. Monetary values have been assigned to the estimated human health damage. External costs resulting from impact of Croatian thermal power plants airborne emissions on h u m a n health have been calculated. The total Croatian thermal power system external costs, resulting from impacts on h u m a n health, are presented and discussed.
05•02555 Gas fired combined cycle plant in Singapore: energy use, GWP and cost - a life cycle approach Kannan, R. er al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46, (1314), 2145-2157. A life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the non-renewable (fossil) energy use and global warming potential (GWP) in electricity generation from a typical gas-fired combined cycle power plant in Singapore. The cost of electricity generation was estimated using a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) tool. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of a 367.5 MW gas-fired combined cycle power plant operating in Singapore revealed that hidden processes consume about 8% extra energy in addition to the fuel embedded energy, and the hidden GWP is about 18%. The natural gas consumed during the operational phase accounted for 82% of the life cycle cost of electricity generation. An empirical relation between plant efficiency and life cycle energy use and GWP in addition to a scenario for electricity cost with varying gas prices and plant efficiency have been established.
05•02556 Global power system control using generator excitation, PSS, FACTS devices and capacitor switching Leung, J. S. K. et al. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2005, 27, (5-6), 448 464. A novel power system control scheme is developed in this paper using a framework for coordinating dissimilar controllers at different locations. The control actions are formulated in the so-called global controller as a set of local controllers, namely the generator excitation controller, power system stabilizer (PSS), unified power flow controller (UPFC) and capacitor switching, which are coordinated to maintain transient angle stability, transient voltage stability and damping of long-term inter-area oscillations following a disturbance. The proposed coordinated control scheme is tested on a nine-bus example system.
05/02557
Governance of electricity transmission systems
Boyce, J. R. and Hollis, A. Energy Economics, 2005, 27, (2), 237 255. This paper examines three different governance mechanisms for electricity transmission systems. A regulated transmission company ('Transco') solution suffers from the usual problems of regulatory slack in a natural monopoly. A not-for-profit independent system operator ('NISO') solution solves the regulatory slack problem by being involved in the day-to-day operations; however, the NISO solution suffers from the problem that the NISO directors can become 'captured' by industry, leading to inefficient outcomes. In contrast, a for-profit independent system operator ('PISO') solves the regulatory slack problem and is not subject to political pressure from industry.
05102558 Heat and power demands in babassu palm oil extraction industry in Brazil Teixcira, M. A. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46, (13-14), 2068-2074. The objective of this paper is to analyse the energy use profile of the babassu (Orbignya ssp-Palmae) oil extraction industry in Brazil in order to establish the basis for a cogeneration study of this important part of the Brazilian Northeast region economy, which is still ignored by energetic biomass studies. The work used information from new equipment suppliers that was analysed against field information from operating units. The data was used to establish a basis for the thermal and mechanical energy consumption for the two main basic unit profiles for the sector: a simple one with just oil extraction and the other, more vertically integrated with other secondary by-products. For the energetic demand taken from the only oil extraction unit profile study, the minimum pressure for the steam process was estimated at 1.4 MPa, electric demand at 5.79 kW/ton of processed kernel and heat consumption at 207t MJ/ton of processed kernel (829 kg steam/ton of processed kernel). For the vertically integrated unit profile, the following values were found: minimum pressure for the steam process 1.4 MPa, electric demand 6.22 kW/ton of processed kernel and heat consumption 21,503 MJ/ton of processed kernel (7600 kg steam/ton of processed kernel).
05/02559 High performance SOFC/GT combined power generation system with CO2 recovery by oxygen combustion method Matsumae, Y. I. et al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46, (11-12), 1837-1847. The authors newly propose and investigate two types of carbon dioxide recovering SOFC/GT combined power generation systems in which a gas turbine with carbon dioxide recycle or water vapour injection is adopted as the bottoming cycle. In these systems, fuel gas is first introduced to a SOFC, and its exhaust fuel gas is after-burned by pure oxygen. Carbon dioxide or water vapour is also injected into the combustor to reduce the combustion gas temperature. The obtained combustion gas, which is composed of only carbon dioxide and water vapour, is introduced to a gas turbine in the bottoming cycle. The exhaust gas of the gas turbine preheats the injection gas, and then, carbon dioxide is separated by only cooling and water condensation. It is made clear that the overall efficiency of the system with carbon dioxide recycle reaches 63.87% (HHV) or 70.88% (LHV), and that of the system with water vapour injection reaches 65.00% (HHV) or 72.13% (LHV). These values are sufficiently high, indicating that the proposed systems are worth further research and development.
05102560 Industrial DSM in a deregulated European electricity market - a case study of 11 plants in Sweden Trygg, L. and Karlsson, B. G. Energy Policy, 2005, 33, (ll), 1445-1459. In 2004 Sweden will become part of a common European electricity market. This implies that the price of electricity in Swedish will adapt to a higher European electricity price due to the increase in crossborder trading. Swedish plant is characterized as more electricityintensive than plant on the European continent, and this, in combination with a higher European electricity price will lead to a precarious scenario. This paper studies the energy use of 11 plants in the municipality of Oskarshamn in Sweden. The aim is to show how these plants can reduce their electricity use to adapt to a European level. The authors have found that the plants could reduce their use of electricity by 48% and their use of energy by 40%. In a European perspective, where coal-condensing power is assumed to be the marginal production that alters as the electricity demand changes, the decrease in the use of electricity in this study leads to a reduction in global emissions of carbon dioxide of 69,000 tonnes a year. Electricity generated in Sweden emits very low emissions of carbon dioxide and have thus consequently very low external cost. The freed capacity in Sweden could therefore replace electricity generated with higher external cost and as a result lower the total external cost in Europe. The emissions from the saved electricity could also be valuable within the E U emissions trading scheme, if the emissions calculation is done assuming the marginal electricity is fossil fuel based.
05•02561 Innovative service restoration of distribution systems by considering short-term load forecasting of service zones Huang, M.-Y. et al. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2005, 27, (5-6), 417427. A rule-based expert system with a coloured Petri net (CPN) inference model is developed for service restoration of distribution systems with fault contingency. The CPN models of distribution components such as four-way line switches are proposed to derive the proper restoration plan after the faulted location has been identified and isolated. To assure the restoration plan can comply with the operation regulation, heuristic rules based on the standard operation procedures of Taipower distribution system are included in the best first search of
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 2005
375