- Email: [email protected]
05906 Effect of butylation on hydropyrolysis of coal
03
Gaseous bels (derived gaseous tiels) A lot of pats on the back, but also spanking for
Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), Feb. 1996, 116, (Z), 16-17. (In Flemish) By the end of 1995 Minister Wijers presented his Third Energy Memorandum, focusing on liberalising of the energy supply sector and strenghtening of the market mechanism. Much emphasis is put on renewable energy and the CO, problem is treated as marginal. The Memorandum meets with much praise, both for the contents and for the way in which the Memorandum was prepared. But there is also criticism, for instance on the objectives, which are loo cautious. It is also felt that the Climate Memorandum, which is a problem analysing document, should have been published before the Energy Memorandum. The effects of the new policy on the Dutch position within the European energy scene are questioned. 96105694 Macroeconomic Impacts of natural gas Introduction In Greece Caloghirou, Y. D. et al., Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), 899-909. Input-output analysis has been ap lied to assess macroeconomic im acts of investment expenditures require a for introduction of natural gas PNG) in the Greek energy system. The final demand vector was assembled from figures estimated in a prefeasibility study. A 12 x 12 input-output table was used to calculate relative changes in gross domestic product (GDP) for the entire economy, sectoral production and value-added, employment, and wages. The authors show that construction of the national gas grid will significantly affect all five macroeconomic indicators during a period of eight years. Taking into account direct and indirect impacts, GDP will rise by 2.0% whereas employment and wages will increased by 1.6%. If imports are fully replaced by local produce, GDP will rise by 3.0% whereas employment and wages will increase by 2.4 and 2.3% respectively. Regulating utlllty rates of return: The case of the Ontario natural gas sector Gunton,T. Energy Shcdies Review, 1995, 7, (3), 203-219. While the regulation of public utilities is a widely accepted form of government intervention in the market economy, there are few empirical studies of the effectiveness of one of their key components: the setting of an allowed rate of return. Using the Ontario natural gas sector as a case study, the article examines the effectiveness of utility regulation in setting a market rate of return and concludes that despite market rate objectives, natural gas utilities in Ontario have consistently earned above-market returns. Several mitigative factors are examined, including a proposal to increase competition through deregulation. 96lO5696
Restructuring the Hong Kong gas industry Lam, P. L. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (S), 713-722. In July 1995, the Consumer Council of Hong Kong published a report on the gas industrv in Honn Kong. The Report attacked the non-interventionist and-safety poiicies of-the iovernment as having helped the town gas monopolist to earn excessive profits, to the detriment of its customers. The Report proposed a restructing of the gas industry, with an aim of introducing competition into the industry. The paper discusses the structure and performance of the energy industry in Hong Kong, outlining the major proposals of the Consumer Council and ifs methodology pitfalls. Based on the experiences of industry restructuring in the USA and UK, the author provides an alternative approach to restructuring the gas industry in Hong Kong. Q6KIS6Q6
Derived
Gaseous Fuels
Q6/056QQ Characterlzatlon of aalfication resctlvlt of char In presaurlzed conditlona. EBfeet of product gas Ynhlbpeat tlon and lnorganlc msterlal Moilanen, A. and Muhlen, H. J. Fuel, Sep. 1996, 75, (ll), 1279-1285. The characteristic effects of the main operating parameters in pressurized fluidized bed gasification, such as pressure and product gas composition, and of inorganic material on peat char gasification reactivity were studied. The measurements were carried out isothermally in a pressurized thermobalance at temperatures between 1023 and 1233 K and pressures up to 1.5 MPa. Steam and carbon dioxide, both pure and mixed with the product gases H, and CO, were used as reaction agents. The reactivity was expressed in the form of instantaneous gasification rate vs. char bumoff.
Q6105900 Characterlzln rate inhlbltlon In H,O/H, aalficatlon vla measurement of adsor‘b ed hydrogen concentrat Bon Lussier, M. 0. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (1), 206-210. Discusses a study of the modes of hydrogen inhibiton in steam gasification of annealed Saran char. Both reverse oxygen exchange and dissociative hydrogen adsorption inhibit the steam gasification of the char, which is covered with two major types of active sites. The first and most abundant type of site dissociatively adsorbs hydrogen throughout the course of reactie?, and is inactive for gasification. The second type of site is active in gasification to form CO and methane, but can become blocked with dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen upon exposure to increased hydrogen partial pressure.
Q6105QOl
Chlorine In coke-oven gas In Individual stager of Its purlflcatlon Kose.wska, M. and Wrobelska, K. Karbo-Energochem-Ekol,, 1995, 40, (ll), 294-295. (In Polish) it was suggested that cok; oven gas could be used in gas turbines. Purified coke oven ases contained 0.240-3.39 (mainly-0.5) mg/m’ Cl, which is much less tg an the permissible amount of up to 10 mg/m3 Cl in the gas. 96105902
Coal gaslflcatlon power plant
(Assigned to) Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Japan, JAP. Pat. JP.O8,68,301, Mar. 1996.
Matsui, H.
A coal gasification power plant equipped with an air separation unit and a lean-combustion gas turbine, which consists of an air separation unit for separating the N gas for the gas turbine and a nitrogen cooling means for cooling N gas to the turbine combustor by a transition piece. 96105903
Coollng process In coal gaslflcatlon for power generatlon plant (Assigned to) Hitachi Ltd., Japan, JAP. Pat. Sugita, N. et al.,
JP.O8,35,434, Feb. 19%.
The cooling process is carried by using cooling water directly contacting with high-temperature fuel gases in a quench apparatus. The secondary cooling is by indirect heat exchange of primary cooling water with raw fuel or refined fuel gas supplying to a gas turbine. Q6/05904
Current status on development of alr blown two stage entralned flow coal gaslfler Kaneko, S. et al., Mitsubishi Juko Giho, 1996, 33, (l), 10-13. (In Japanese) Describes the develo ment of an air-blown two-stage entrained-flow coal gasification system Por power generation, with the achievement of one month stable and continuous ooeration of the 200 t/d oilot coal nasifier. The IGCC system (HERCULgS) is composed of the ‘gasifier, figed-bed dry-gas cleanup system and a gas turbine, and it enables the highest net power plant efficiency.
Q6105697
Alkali volatlllzation durlng pyrolysls and gaslflcatlon of coal Takarada, T. et al., CoalSci. Technol., 1995, 24, 687-690. In this study, alkali metal compounds were added to coals and the alkaliloaded coals were pyrolyzed in N and gasified in CO, atmosphere. Also examined the effects of alkali chemical form, temperature and mineral matter on the volatilization of alkalis. Q61056Q6
Carbon monoxlde hydrogenation on supported msngsneae-ruthenium cstslysta Tercioglu, T. and Akyurtlu, J. F. Appl. Coral., A, 1996, 136, (2), 105-111. CO hydrogenation over a catalyst was studied in a flow system with a differential fixed-bed reactor operating under atmospheric pressure, 553613 K, H&O ratio l-3:1, and space velocity 5100-27,600 cm’/g-h. The presence of manganese caused the product distribution to shift to lower olefins. For this catalyst system, secondary alkene hydrogenation was significant. The activity and selectivity pattern of the catalyst altered appreciably at al1 temperatures.
420
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
Q6/05905
Development of flxed bed hot gas cleanup unlt for coal gaslflcatlon gas Sera, T. et al., Mitsubishi Juko Giho, 1996, 33, (l), 14-17. (In Japanese) Describes a coal gasification combined cycle power plant which is under development with a 200 t/d pilot plant. A 20 t/d fixed-bed hot-gas cleanup unit was tested. The demonstration tests with the gasifier in operation have been repeatedly conducted in order to purify gas contaimng dust and sulphur compounds. The results suggest that the fixed-bed hot-gas cleanup process is suitable for the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power systems. Q6/05906 Effect of butylatlon on hydropyrolysls of coal Yoneyama, Y. et al., Chem. Lett., 1996, (4), 263-264. The paper investigates the effect of introduction of the Bu group into Yubari coal on hydropyrolysis. A strong promoting effect of Bu group on gasification of coal was observed at a low temperature (e.g. 5OO’C);the yield of gas increased from 29 to 82 wt.%.
Gaseous bels (derived gaseous tiels) A lot of pats on the back, but also spanking for
Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), Feb. 1996, 116, (Z), 16-17. (In Flemish) By the end of 1995 Minister Wijers presented his Third Energy Memorandum, focusing on liberalising of the energy supply sector and strenghtening of the market mechanism. Much emphasis is put on renewable energy and the CO, problem is treated as marginal. The Memorandum meets with much praise, both for the contents and for the way in which the Memorandum was prepared. But there is also criticism, for instance on the objectives, which are loo cautious. It is also felt that the Climate Memorandum, which is a problem analysing document, should have been published before the Energy Memorandum. The effects of the new policy on the Dutch position within the European energy scene are questioned. 96105694 Macroeconomic Impacts of natural gas Introduction In Greece Caloghirou, Y. D. et al., Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), 899-909. Input-output analysis has been ap lied to assess macroeconomic im acts of investment expenditures require a for introduction of natural gas PNG) in the Greek energy system. The final demand vector was assembled from figures estimated in a prefeasibility study. A 12 x 12 input-output table was used to calculate relative changes in gross domestic product (GDP) for the entire economy, sectoral production and value-added, employment, and wages. The authors show that construction of the national gas grid will significantly affect all five macroeconomic indicators during a period of eight years. Taking into account direct and indirect impacts, GDP will rise by 2.0% whereas employment and wages will increased by 1.6%. If imports are fully replaced by local produce, GDP will rise by 3.0% whereas employment and wages will increase by 2.4 and 2.3% respectively. Regulating utlllty rates of return: The case of the Ontario natural gas sector Gunton,T. Energy Shcdies Review, 1995, 7, (3), 203-219. While the regulation of public utilities is a widely accepted form of government intervention in the market economy, there are few empirical studies of the effectiveness of one of their key components: the setting of an allowed rate of return. Using the Ontario natural gas sector as a case study, the article examines the effectiveness of utility regulation in setting a market rate of return and concludes that despite market rate objectives, natural gas utilities in Ontario have consistently earned above-market returns. Several mitigative factors are examined, including a proposal to increase competition through deregulation. 96lO5696
Restructuring the Hong Kong gas industry Lam, P. L. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (S), 713-722. In July 1995, the Consumer Council of Hong Kong published a report on the gas industrv in Honn Kong. The Report attacked the non-interventionist and-safety poiicies of-the iovernment as having helped the town gas monopolist to earn excessive profits, to the detriment of its customers. The Report proposed a restructing of the gas industry, with an aim of introducing competition into the industry. The paper discusses the structure and performance of the energy industry in Hong Kong, outlining the major proposals of the Consumer Council and ifs methodology pitfalls. Based on the experiences of industry restructuring in the USA and UK, the author provides an alternative approach to restructuring the gas industry in Hong Kong. Q6KIS6Q6
Derived
Gaseous Fuels
Q6/056QQ Characterlzatlon of aalfication resctlvlt of char In presaurlzed conditlona. EBfeet of product gas Ynhlbpeat tlon and lnorganlc msterlal Moilanen, A. and Muhlen, H. J. Fuel, Sep. 1996, 75, (ll), 1279-1285. The characteristic effects of the main operating parameters in pressurized fluidized bed gasification, such as pressure and product gas composition, and of inorganic material on peat char gasification reactivity were studied. The measurements were carried out isothermally in a pressurized thermobalance at temperatures between 1023 and 1233 K and pressures up to 1.5 MPa. Steam and carbon dioxide, both pure and mixed with the product gases H, and CO, were used as reaction agents. The reactivity was expressed in the form of instantaneous gasification rate vs. char bumoff.
Q6105900 Characterlzln rate inhlbltlon In H,O/H, aalficatlon vla measurement of adsor‘b ed hydrogen concentrat Bon Lussier, M. 0. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (1), 206-210. Discusses a study of the modes of hydrogen inhibiton in steam gasification of annealed Saran char. Both reverse oxygen exchange and dissociative hydrogen adsorption inhibit the steam gasification of the char, which is covered with two major types of active sites. The first and most abundant type of site dissociatively adsorbs hydrogen throughout the course of reactie?, and is inactive for gasification. The second type of site is active in gasification to form CO and methane, but can become blocked with dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen upon exposure to increased hydrogen partial pressure.
Q6105QOl
Chlorine In coke-oven gas In Individual stager of Its purlflcatlon Kose.wska, M. and Wrobelska, K. Karbo-Energochem-Ekol,, 1995, 40, (ll), 294-295. (In Polish) it was suggested that cok; oven gas could be used in gas turbines. Purified coke oven ases contained 0.240-3.39 (mainly-0.5) mg/m’ Cl, which is much less tg an the permissible amount of up to 10 mg/m3 Cl in the gas. 96105902
Coal gaslflcatlon power plant
(Assigned to) Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Japan, JAP. Pat. JP.O8,68,301, Mar. 1996.
Matsui, H.
A coal gasification power plant equipped with an air separation unit and a lean-combustion gas turbine, which consists of an air separation unit for separating the N gas for the gas turbine and a nitrogen cooling means for cooling N gas to the turbine combustor by a transition piece. 96105903
Coollng process In coal gaslflcatlon for power generatlon plant (Assigned to) Hitachi Ltd., Japan, JAP. Pat. Sugita, N. et al.,
JP.O8,35,434, Feb. 19%.
The cooling process is carried by using cooling water directly contacting with high-temperature fuel gases in a quench apparatus. The secondary cooling is by indirect heat exchange of primary cooling water with raw fuel or refined fuel gas supplying to a gas turbine. Q6/05904
Current status on development of alr blown two stage entralned flow coal gaslfler Kaneko, S. et al., Mitsubishi Juko Giho, 1996, 33, (l), 10-13. (In Japanese) Describes the develo ment of an air-blown two-stage entrained-flow coal gasification system Por power generation, with the achievement of one month stable and continuous ooeration of the 200 t/d oilot coal nasifier. The IGCC system (HERCULgS) is composed of the ‘gasifier, figed-bed dry-gas cleanup system and a gas turbine, and it enables the highest net power plant efficiency.
Q6105697
Alkali volatlllzation durlng pyrolysls and gaslflcatlon of coal Takarada, T. et al., CoalSci. Technol., 1995, 24, 687-690. In this study, alkali metal compounds were added to coals and the alkaliloaded coals were pyrolyzed in N and gasified in CO, atmosphere. Also examined the effects of alkali chemical form, temperature and mineral matter on the volatilization of alkalis. Q61056Q6
Carbon monoxlde hydrogenation on supported msngsneae-ruthenium cstslysta Tercioglu, T. and Akyurtlu, J. F. Appl. Coral., A, 1996, 136, (2), 105-111. CO hydrogenation over a catalyst was studied in a flow system with a differential fixed-bed reactor operating under atmospheric pressure, 553613 K, H&O ratio l-3:1, and space velocity 5100-27,600 cm’/g-h. The presence of manganese caused the product distribution to shift to lower olefins. For this catalyst system, secondary alkene hydrogenation was significant. The activity and selectivity pattern of the catalyst altered appreciably at al1 temperatures.
420
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
Q6/05905
Development of flxed bed hot gas cleanup unlt for coal gaslflcatlon gas Sera, T. et al., Mitsubishi Juko Giho, 1996, 33, (l), 14-17. (In Japanese) Describes a coal gasification combined cycle power plant which is under development with a 200 t/d pilot plant. A 20 t/d fixed-bed hot-gas cleanup unit was tested. The demonstration tests with the gasifier in operation have been repeatedly conducted in order to purify gas contaimng dust and sulphur compounds. The results suggest that the fixed-bed hot-gas cleanup process is suitable for the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power systems. Q6/05906 Effect of butylatlon on hydropyrolysls of coal Yoneyama, Y. et al., Chem. Lett., 1996, (4), 263-264. The paper investigates the effect of introduction of the Bu group into Yubari coal on hydropyrolysis. A strong promoting effect of Bu group on gasification of coal was observed at a low temperature (e.g. 5OO’C);the yield of gas increased from 29 to 82 wt.%.