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067 Monitoring and control of microbial fermentations
Abstracts in this section are from papers presented at:
IFAC SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING AND CONTROL OF BIOTECHNICAL PROCESSES 1992 Keystone, Colorado, USA, 29 March - 2 April 1992 Full papers appear in the Proceedings volume, to which the page numbers relate, published by IFAC and available from Pergamon Press. (ISBN: 0 08 041710 8)
070 Monitoring and Control of Mammalian Cell D.R. Omstead, K.K. Frame, E.I. Tsao, G.P. Price, J.C. Glass, M.A. Bohn, K.P. McNamee, J.A. Reese, M.J. Munster, D. Jain, pp 21-28
067 Monitoring and Control of Microbial Fermentations P.M. Salmon, B.C. Buckland, pp 1-6 Robust process monitoring techniques are necessary to ensure consistent performance of industrial fermentations. The initiation of each process step (such as inoculation, induction, or feeding) should not follow a predetermined schedule, but should be based on measured parameters that reflect the state of the fermentation. The analysis of samples is especially important because most in situ probes provide information only about physical conditions within a fermentor, rather than about the condition of the microorganisms. Analysis of vent-gas samples using mass spectrometry has become indispensable, and the use of robotics systems for on-line sampling and analysis of broth samples is currently under development.
Mammalian cell cultures for commercial products, predominantly vaccines, have traditionally been produced in small laboratory vessels without significant process monitoring and control. The focus has recently evolved into areas such. as robotic control of roller-bottlebased processes. For many newer productions currently under clinical evaluation, the use of stirred fermentation vessels is more common. The n'end is toward advanced off-line monitoring, allowing better manual control of cell culture processes. The use of on-line biomass monitoring is also coming into use. This paper summarizes the status and trends of industrial on-line and off-line analysis for mammalian cell cultures and describes the expected future opportunities.
071 NAD(P)H and F420 Fluorescence Monitoring in Anaerobic Digestion J.M. Owens, P. Pullammanappallil, D.P. Chynoweth, S.A. Svoronos, pp 29-33
068 The Use of Infrared Spectroscopic Techniques in Monitoring and Controlling Bioreactors Kun Yu, J.A. Philips, pp 7-13
Anaerobic digesters are frequently upset by changes in the feed strength, changes in environmental conditions and toxic feed components. These can cause reactor failures and lead to lengthy and cosily start-ups. Realtime on-line measurements are needed to assess the state of the digester and guide effective process con~'ol strategies. This paper presents initial investigations of the response of fluorescence probes for the coenzymes NAD(P)H and F420 to common causes of digester upsets, namely an increase in loading, a decrease in loading, and toxin (phenol) addition.
The relative advantages and disadvantages of various spectroscopic techniques for identifying and measuring concentrations of dilute, multicomponent mixtures are reviewed. A more specific background on infrared spectroscopy is provided. The characteristics of nearand mid-infrared spectra of several microbial, mammalian and plant cell cultures are documented. Some of the factors critical to quantifying chemical species in fermentation samples, from the perspective of on-line implementation for control, are considered.
072 On-Line Monitoring of Volatile Compounds in Alcoholic Fermentations
069 On-Line Monitoring of the Physiological State of the Cell Population in a Bioreactor T. Yoshida, K.B. Konstantinov, W. Ruenglertpanyakul, R.M. Matanguihan, pp 15-20
M.N. Pons, T. Cacjot, A. Groboillot,
C. Mathis, M. Miiller, S. Schutze, pp 35-40 The use of a gas membrane sensor connected to a gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer is described to monitor the concentration of volatile compounds produced during alcoholic fermentations in which the type and concentration of natural substrates, the inoculation rates and the temperature were varied.
The concept of the physiological state control of bioreactor systems using a knowledge-based approach is discussed from the viewpoint of plant structure. The structure of the bioreactor system is elucidated, and the various state variables, especially physiological state variables, are classified. As an example of work on sensor development, an application of a di-electric measurement method is investigated. This will possibly provide a powerful tool for detecting the physiological state of cells such as a viability index. A multi-mode cascade of neural networks with a shape-analysis module has been designed for the estimation of unmeasurable variables and identification of the physiological state of the cell population.
073 Image Analysis for Quantification of Fungal Biomass and Differentiation C.R. Thomas, G.C. Paul, C.A. Kent, H.L. Packer, E. Keshavarz-Moore, M.D. Lilly, pp 41-44 Fully-automatic image analysis methods are described for the measurement of vacuolation in filamentous fungi
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IFAC SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING AND CONTROL OF BIOTECHNICAL PROCESSES 1992 Keystone, Colorado, USA, 29 March - 2 April 1992 Full papers appear in the Proceedings volume, to which the page numbers relate, published by IFAC and available from Pergamon Press. (ISBN: 0 08 041710 8)
070 Monitoring and Control of Mammalian Cell D.R. Omstead, K.K. Frame, E.I. Tsao, G.P. Price, J.C. Glass, M.A. Bohn, K.P. McNamee, J.A. Reese, M.J. Munster, D. Jain, pp 21-28
067 Monitoring and Control of Microbial Fermentations P.M. Salmon, B.C. Buckland, pp 1-6 Robust process monitoring techniques are necessary to ensure consistent performance of industrial fermentations. The initiation of each process step (such as inoculation, induction, or feeding) should not follow a predetermined schedule, but should be based on measured parameters that reflect the state of the fermentation. The analysis of samples is especially important because most in situ probes provide information only about physical conditions within a fermentor, rather than about the condition of the microorganisms. Analysis of vent-gas samples using mass spectrometry has become indispensable, and the use of robotics systems for on-line sampling and analysis of broth samples is currently under development.
Mammalian cell cultures for commercial products, predominantly vaccines, have traditionally been produced in small laboratory vessels without significant process monitoring and control. The focus has recently evolved into areas such. as robotic control of roller-bottlebased processes. For many newer productions currently under clinical evaluation, the use of stirred fermentation vessels is more common. The n'end is toward advanced off-line monitoring, allowing better manual control of cell culture processes. The use of on-line biomass monitoring is also coming into use. This paper summarizes the status and trends of industrial on-line and off-line analysis for mammalian cell cultures and describes the expected future opportunities.
071 NAD(P)H and F420 Fluorescence Monitoring in Anaerobic Digestion J.M. Owens, P. Pullammanappallil, D.P. Chynoweth, S.A. Svoronos, pp 29-33
068 The Use of Infrared Spectroscopic Techniques in Monitoring and Controlling Bioreactors Kun Yu, J.A. Philips, pp 7-13
Anaerobic digesters are frequently upset by changes in the feed strength, changes in environmental conditions and toxic feed components. These can cause reactor failures and lead to lengthy and cosily start-ups. Realtime on-line measurements are needed to assess the state of the digester and guide effective process con~'ol strategies. This paper presents initial investigations of the response of fluorescence probes for the coenzymes NAD(P)H and F420 to common causes of digester upsets, namely an increase in loading, a decrease in loading, and toxin (phenol) addition.
The relative advantages and disadvantages of various spectroscopic techniques for identifying and measuring concentrations of dilute, multicomponent mixtures are reviewed. A more specific background on infrared spectroscopy is provided. The characteristics of nearand mid-infrared spectra of several microbial, mammalian and plant cell cultures are documented. Some of the factors critical to quantifying chemical species in fermentation samples, from the perspective of on-line implementation for control, are considered.
072 On-Line Monitoring of Volatile Compounds in Alcoholic Fermentations
069 On-Line Monitoring of the Physiological State of the Cell Population in a Bioreactor T. Yoshida, K.B. Konstantinov, W. Ruenglertpanyakul, R.M. Matanguihan, pp 15-20
M.N. Pons, T. Cacjot, A. Groboillot,
C. Mathis, M. Miiller, S. Schutze, pp 35-40 The use of a gas membrane sensor connected to a gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer is described to monitor the concentration of volatile compounds produced during alcoholic fermentations in which the type and concentration of natural substrates, the inoculation rates and the temperature were varied.
The concept of the physiological state control of bioreactor systems using a knowledge-based approach is discussed from the viewpoint of plant structure. The structure of the bioreactor system is elucidated, and the various state variables, especially physiological state variables, are classified. As an example of work on sensor development, an application of a di-electric measurement method is investigated. This will possibly provide a powerful tool for detecting the physiological state of cells such as a viability index. A multi-mode cascade of neural networks with a shape-analysis module has been designed for the estimation of unmeasurable variables and identification of the physiological state of the cell population.
073 Image Analysis for Quantification of Fungal Biomass and Differentiation C.R. Thomas, G.C. Paul, C.A. Kent, H.L. Packer, E. Keshavarz-Moore, M.D. Lilly, pp 41-44 Fully-automatic image analysis methods are described for the measurement of vacuolation in filamentous fungi
733