- Email: [email protected]
09:40 AM
P89
of conventional therapy. Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) occurs in up to 80-90% of HNSCC, correlating negatively with survival. EGFR activates multiple signal pathways regulating gene expression, cell growth, and resistance to apoptosis. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), a member of the EGFR-activated MAPK cascade, is increased in HNSCC. The transcription factor ATF2, also constitutively activated in HNSCC, is induced through activated SAPK pathways. It is hypothesized that EGFR-related ERK signaling has an important association with downstream ATF2 activation in HNSCC. METHODS: All experiments have been performed in the well-studied cell line UM-SCC-9. ATF2, p-ATF2, ERK and p-ERK levels were determined at baseline and following stimulation with EGF through Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. In addition ATF2, p-ATF2, ERK and p-ERK levels were determined following treatment of cell lines with MEK 1/2 selective inhibitor UO126 and tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. RESULTS: These experiments confirm that ERK, p-ERK, ATF2 and p-ATF are constitutively expressed in HNSCC. In addition, stimulation of cell lines with EGF results in increased p-ERK and p-ATF2 activation. Treatment of cell lines with tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 and MEK 1/2 selective inhibitor modulates expression of p-ATF2. CONCLUSION: EGFR has an important association with ATF2 activation downstream of ERK in HNSCC. Further characterization of the relationship of ERK and ATF2 downstream of EGFR may assist in developing more specific molecular targets in the treatment of HNSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: Many distinct molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of HNSCC have been studied; however, more research is needed to determine how these different pathways interact. Further elucidation of these molecular pathways may help determine potential adjuvant therapies in the treatment of HNSCC.
rate of 30 frames per second, aligned frame-by-frame at the four planes, and rendered into a moving image. Twenty-eight data points across the tongue surface to investigate velocity, interaction between the two lateral free margins, and extent of midsagittal grooving. RESULTS: The anterior and midline of the tongue moved with greater velocity than the lateral margins and posterior tongue for all speakers. However, the speaker with partial glossectomy had greater velocities on the resected side of the tongue than on the unoperated side. Normal speakers had high correlations between right and left side movement, while the speaker with partial glossectomy had high correlations between the midline and resected side. A similar pattern of sustained midsagittal grooving in the posterior tongue of the speaker with partial glossectomy as in the normal speakers was identified. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that the speaker with partial glossectomy had coarser movements on the resected side, contributing to higher velocities and increased cohesion with the midline, yet without deviation of the midline raphe. SIGNIFICANCE: This research is a first step toward developing a 3D visual application for describing tongue surface movement following partial glossectomy for individual speakers. SUPPORT: Canadian Institutes for Health Research operating grant.
09:40 AM Multiplanar Sonography of Tongue Movement in Speech Heather Flowers, MEd MHSc (presenter); Tim Bressmann, PhD; Jonathan C Irish, MD Toronto Canada
PROBLEM: Air bag deployment is not innocuous and can result in injury, particularly to the face. Facial injuries are acceptable if occurring in lieu of more serious head and torso injuries, which are typically associated with higher velocity crashes. Thus, in low-speed crashes where the risk of head or truncal injuries is low, the relative merits of airbags might be limited. The team sought to evaluate whether air bag deployment at low speeds results in more facial injuries than similar speed crashes in which the air bag did not deploy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study analysis using the NHTSA Crashworthiness Data System identified crashes between 1993 and 2004 with recorded changes in velocity (delta V). Crashes were stratified into low-speed (delta V⬍15 mph) and high-speed (delta V⬎15 mph) and into those with or without air bag deployment. Those with air bag deployment were subclassified into full- and de-powered. Facial injury was defined as a facial Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ⬎0. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain odds of facial injuries after adjusting for confounders.
PROBLEM: A new method of visualizing three dimensional (3D) tongue surface movement in paragraph-length speech. Lingual movement in a participant with partial glossectomy and in normal comparison subjects was explored. METHODS: Six normal speakers and one speaker with a right partial lateral glossectomy recited a paragraphlength passage at four coronal ultrasound planes, which were spatially aligned at ten-degree intervals from the tongue blade to the base. The transducer was positioned under each participant’s mandible, and a head support apparatus restricted head movements. Using a digital metronome, tongue surface contours were extracted at a
09:50 AM Air Bags Increase Facial Injuries in Low-Speed Crashes David O Francis, MD (presenter); Christopher Mack; Bevan Yueh, MD MPH; Charles Mock, MD; Avery Nathens, MD Seattle WA
TUESDAY
Scientific Sessions Research Forum B—Tuesday
of conventional therapy. Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) occurs in up to 80-90% of HNSCC, correlating negatively with survival. EGFR activates multiple signal pathways regulating gene expression, cell growth, and resistance to apoptosis. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), a member of the EGFR-activated MAPK cascade, is increased in HNSCC. The transcription factor ATF2, also constitutively activated in HNSCC, is induced through activated SAPK pathways. It is hypothesized that EGFR-related ERK signaling has an important association with downstream ATF2 activation in HNSCC. METHODS: All experiments have been performed in the well-studied cell line UM-SCC-9. ATF2, p-ATF2, ERK and p-ERK levels were determined at baseline and following stimulation with EGF through Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. In addition ATF2, p-ATF2, ERK and p-ERK levels were determined following treatment of cell lines with MEK 1/2 selective inhibitor UO126 and tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. RESULTS: These experiments confirm that ERK, p-ERK, ATF2 and p-ATF are constitutively expressed in HNSCC. In addition, stimulation of cell lines with EGF results in increased p-ERK and p-ATF2 activation. Treatment of cell lines with tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 and MEK 1/2 selective inhibitor modulates expression of p-ATF2. CONCLUSION: EGFR has an important association with ATF2 activation downstream of ERK in HNSCC. Further characterization of the relationship of ERK and ATF2 downstream of EGFR may assist in developing more specific molecular targets in the treatment of HNSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: Many distinct molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of HNSCC have been studied; however, more research is needed to determine how these different pathways interact. Further elucidation of these molecular pathways may help determine potential adjuvant therapies in the treatment of HNSCC.
rate of 30 frames per second, aligned frame-by-frame at the four planes, and rendered into a moving image. Twenty-eight data points across the tongue surface to investigate velocity, interaction between the two lateral free margins, and extent of midsagittal grooving. RESULTS: The anterior and midline of the tongue moved with greater velocity than the lateral margins and posterior tongue for all speakers. However, the speaker with partial glossectomy had greater velocities on the resected side of the tongue than on the unoperated side. Normal speakers had high correlations between right and left side movement, while the speaker with partial glossectomy had high correlations between the midline and resected side. A similar pattern of sustained midsagittal grooving in the posterior tongue of the speaker with partial glossectomy as in the normal speakers was identified. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that the speaker with partial glossectomy had coarser movements on the resected side, contributing to higher velocities and increased cohesion with the midline, yet without deviation of the midline raphe. SIGNIFICANCE: This research is a first step toward developing a 3D visual application for describing tongue surface movement following partial glossectomy for individual speakers. SUPPORT: Canadian Institutes for Health Research operating grant.
09:40 AM Multiplanar Sonography of Tongue Movement in Speech Heather Flowers, MEd MHSc (presenter); Tim Bressmann, PhD; Jonathan C Irish, MD Toronto Canada
PROBLEM: Air bag deployment is not innocuous and can result in injury, particularly to the face. Facial injuries are acceptable if occurring in lieu of more serious head and torso injuries, which are typically associated with higher velocity crashes. Thus, in low-speed crashes where the risk of head or truncal injuries is low, the relative merits of airbags might be limited. The team sought to evaluate whether air bag deployment at low speeds results in more facial injuries than similar speed crashes in which the air bag did not deploy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study analysis using the NHTSA Crashworthiness Data System identified crashes between 1993 and 2004 with recorded changes in velocity (delta V). Crashes were stratified into low-speed (delta V⬍15 mph) and high-speed (delta V⬎15 mph) and into those with or without air bag deployment. Those with air bag deployment were subclassified into full- and de-powered. Facial injury was defined as a facial Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ⬎0. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain odds of facial injuries after adjusting for confounders.
PROBLEM: A new method of visualizing three dimensional (3D) tongue surface movement in paragraph-length speech. Lingual movement in a participant with partial glossectomy and in normal comparison subjects was explored. METHODS: Six normal speakers and one speaker with a right partial lateral glossectomy recited a paragraphlength passage at four coronal ultrasound planes, which were spatially aligned at ten-degree intervals from the tongue blade to the base. The transducer was positioned under each participant’s mandible, and a head support apparatus restricted head movements. Using a digital metronome, tongue surface contours were extracted at a
09:50 AM Air Bags Increase Facial Injuries in Low-Speed Crashes David O Francis, MD (presenter); Christopher Mack; Bevan Yueh, MD MPH; Charles Mock, MD; Avery Nathens, MD Seattle WA
TUESDAY
Scientific Sessions Research Forum B—Tuesday