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1. Personalized medicine: The Kannapolis story
Cryobiology 57 (2008) 315–340
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Cryobiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ycryo
Abstracts of papers and posters presented at the forty-fifth annual meeting of the society for cryobiology Charlotte North Carolina USA July 20–23, 2008 Student Awards 2008 The Society for Cryobiology awarded the Peter L. Steponkus Crystal Award for the best student paper and also the Best Student Poster prize, each following competitive evaluation of those presentations that were submitted. The winning presentations are noted at the relevant abstracts
Plenary session 1. Cryobiology challenges in translational medicine
1. Personalized medicine: The Kannapolis story. Krishna Udayakumar, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
retrieval of who allowed what, keeping track of mother/daughter aliquots and chainof-custody, and decisions whether to buy or to build software to perform all of these functions. (Conflicts of interest: None declared. Source of funding: None declared.) doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.10.003
The Duke Translational Medicine Institute is embarking on an ambitious genomic epidemiology study in partnership with the North Carolina Research Campus and the population of Kannapolis and Cabarrus County in North Carolina, with the goal of rewriting the textbook of medicine. The MURDOCK Study plans to elucidate novel biomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value by analyzing clinical, imaging, and genomic data on a grand scale. This work will facilitate customized or personalized medicine, as molecular patterns may help predict an individual’s response to specific diabetes drugs, or which individuals with osteoarthritis are more likely to suffer from disability. The study will make use of biological samples that have been cryopreserved for several years, and also prospectively obtain diverse biological samples for long-term cryopreservation from tens of thousands of individuals. Fully understanding and applying principles of cryobiology will be critical to the success of this endeavor. This talk will highlight the untapped potential of personalized medicine in the context of the MURDOCK Study, and explore the cryobiology and informatics challenges that must be addressed to realize this potential. The talk will frame relevant issues for the application of cryobiology across translational medicine. (Conflicts of interest: None declared. Source of funding: None declared.) doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.10.002
2. Informatics challenges in cryo-banking for long-term population studies. Jessica Tenenbaum, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, NC, USA Along with the tremendous opportunities for discovery that a long-term population study presents, there come a number of obstacles and decisions that must be made. Many of these challenges and decision points are related to the discipline known as Informatics, or more simply, the management of information. In the context of cryo-banking for population studies, sample numbers can grow very large, and the data associated with the samples may be both complex and extensive. In addition, it is important that data for long term use be stored in a secure location, accessible to anyone with appropriate permissions for access, and backed up in case of disaster or equipment failure. In the context of the MURDOCK study within the Duke Translational Research Institute, we have tackled a number of questions surrounding the storage, management, and retrieval of information relating to a large, long-term population study. These issues are likely to come up in any long-term population study, and as such are worthy of consideration in the planning phase of such a project. This talk will present some of these challenges, and the solutions we have employed to address them. Discussion will include topics such as capture and storage of sample annotation data, matching samples with annotation about the particular subject from which they were derived, storing consent information digitally for easy
3. Cord blood stem cell banking and therapies. N. Rebecca Haley, Duke University, Durham NC, USA Basic laboratory work originally showed that specialized hematopoietic stem cells were present in umbilical cord blood. Not only did they grow hematopoietic colonies in cell culture, the colonies were bigger than those grown from bone marrow or peripheral blood and continued to produce original colonies through a number of passages and replating. If such robust progenitor cells occurred naturally in cord blood, they would be valuable in transplantation of other individuals. Big questions surrounding the transplantation of cord blood cells were: Are there sufficient numbers of cells in a unit of cord blood to facilitate transplantation? Is the same rigor in HLA-matching necessary? Will the naı¨ve cord blood cells be able to confer normal immunity to the transplant recipient? Would available cryopreservation methods be adequate to store the cells? The first transplant was successful from a fully matched sibling in 1988. The New York Blood Center started the first publicly donated cord blood bank, and Duke University did the first allogeneic cord blood transplants. The procedure has been used in treatment of malignancies as well as inborn errors of metabolism. The current status is that public cord blood banks have grown up in the United States, and internationally. In the US, many European countries, Australia and Japan cord blood banks are publicly funded as safe, easily accessible and rapidly available sources of transplant units. These banks are regulated in the US by the FDA to ensure that donors are properly screened and tested, and that processing and cryopreservation meet federal regulations. Private cord blood banks, saving units for family members only, have been established and FDA oversight of those banks is minimal. The majority of units transplanted have come from the public banks. Cord blood transplantation with lower rates of graft versus host disease has changed allogeneic transplantation. (Conflicts of interest: None declared. Source of funding: None declared.) doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.10.004
4. Clinical translation: Total ablation of focal cancers. Thomas J. Polascik, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Nowadays the treatment paradigm for localized prostate cancer is to distinguish patients with clinically relevant cancers who may benefit from radical treatment, or perhaps an organ-sparing approach, from the remainder who may not need intervention at the time of diagnosis. We review new concepts of parenchymal preservation as possible new frontiers in the treatment armamentarium for this malignancy.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Cryobiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ycryo
Abstracts of papers and posters presented at the forty-fifth annual meeting of the society for cryobiology Charlotte North Carolina USA July 20–23, 2008 Student Awards 2008 The Society for Cryobiology awarded the Peter L. Steponkus Crystal Award for the best student paper and also the Best Student Poster prize, each following competitive evaluation of those presentations that were submitted. The winning presentations are noted at the relevant abstracts
Plenary session 1. Cryobiology challenges in translational medicine
1. Personalized medicine: The Kannapolis story. Krishna Udayakumar, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
retrieval of who allowed what, keeping track of mother/daughter aliquots and chainof-custody, and decisions whether to buy or to build software to perform all of these functions. (Conflicts of interest: None declared. Source of funding: None declared.) doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.10.003
The Duke Translational Medicine Institute is embarking on an ambitious genomic epidemiology study in partnership with the North Carolina Research Campus and the population of Kannapolis and Cabarrus County in North Carolina, with the goal of rewriting the textbook of medicine. The MURDOCK Study plans to elucidate novel biomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value by analyzing clinical, imaging, and genomic data on a grand scale. This work will facilitate customized or personalized medicine, as molecular patterns may help predict an individual’s response to specific diabetes drugs, or which individuals with osteoarthritis are more likely to suffer from disability. The study will make use of biological samples that have been cryopreserved for several years, and also prospectively obtain diverse biological samples for long-term cryopreservation from tens of thousands of individuals. Fully understanding and applying principles of cryobiology will be critical to the success of this endeavor. This talk will highlight the untapped potential of personalized medicine in the context of the MURDOCK Study, and explore the cryobiology and informatics challenges that must be addressed to realize this potential. The talk will frame relevant issues for the application of cryobiology across translational medicine. (Conflicts of interest: None declared. Source of funding: None declared.) doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.10.002
2. Informatics challenges in cryo-banking for long-term population studies. Jessica Tenenbaum, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, NC, USA Along with the tremendous opportunities for discovery that a long-term population study presents, there come a number of obstacles and decisions that must be made. Many of these challenges and decision points are related to the discipline known as Informatics, or more simply, the management of information. In the context of cryo-banking for population studies, sample numbers can grow very large, and the data associated with the samples may be both complex and extensive. In addition, it is important that data for long term use be stored in a secure location, accessible to anyone with appropriate permissions for access, and backed up in case of disaster or equipment failure. In the context of the MURDOCK study within the Duke Translational Research Institute, we have tackled a number of questions surrounding the storage, management, and retrieval of information relating to a large, long-term population study. These issues are likely to come up in any long-term population study, and as such are worthy of consideration in the planning phase of such a project. This talk will present some of these challenges, and the solutions we have employed to address them. Discussion will include topics such as capture and storage of sample annotation data, matching samples with annotation about the particular subject from which they were derived, storing consent information digitally for easy
3. Cord blood stem cell banking and therapies. N. Rebecca Haley, Duke University, Durham NC, USA Basic laboratory work originally showed that specialized hematopoietic stem cells were present in umbilical cord blood. Not only did they grow hematopoietic colonies in cell culture, the colonies were bigger than those grown from bone marrow or peripheral blood and continued to produce original colonies through a number of passages and replating. If such robust progenitor cells occurred naturally in cord blood, they would be valuable in transplantation of other individuals. Big questions surrounding the transplantation of cord blood cells were: Are there sufficient numbers of cells in a unit of cord blood to facilitate transplantation? Is the same rigor in HLA-matching necessary? Will the naı¨ve cord blood cells be able to confer normal immunity to the transplant recipient? Would available cryopreservation methods be adequate to store the cells? The first transplant was successful from a fully matched sibling in 1988. The New York Blood Center started the first publicly donated cord blood bank, and Duke University did the first allogeneic cord blood transplants. The procedure has been used in treatment of malignancies as well as inborn errors of metabolism. The current status is that public cord blood banks have grown up in the United States, and internationally. In the US, many European countries, Australia and Japan cord blood banks are publicly funded as safe, easily accessible and rapidly available sources of transplant units. These banks are regulated in the US by the FDA to ensure that donors are properly screened and tested, and that processing and cryopreservation meet federal regulations. Private cord blood banks, saving units for family members only, have been established and FDA oversight of those banks is minimal. The majority of units transplanted have come from the public banks. Cord blood transplantation with lower rates of graft versus host disease has changed allogeneic transplantation. (Conflicts of interest: None declared. Source of funding: None declared.) doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.10.004
4. Clinical translation: Total ablation of focal cancers. Thomas J. Polascik, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Nowadays the treatment paradigm for localized prostate cancer is to distinguish patients with clinically relevant cancers who may benefit from radical treatment, or perhaps an organ-sparing approach, from the remainder who may not need intervention at the time of diagnosis. We review new concepts of parenchymal preservation as possible new frontiers in the treatment armamentarium for this malignancy.