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1013. Pulmonary lesions induced by ozone
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THE CHEMICALENVIRONMENT
propionylacetophenone, caproic acid and triethanolamine in the liquid, caused little irritation. The least toxic response was given by a sealer (AH-26) containing bisphenol diglycidyl ether as liquid and bismuth oxide, silver powder, titanium oxide and hexamethylenetetramine in the powder. It is noteworthy that in general the activity of each material proved to be fairly consistent from study to study. 1012. Detergent pollution well under control
Coughlin, F. J. (1965). Detergents and water pollution abatement. Am. J. publ. Hlth 55, 760. This review covers approximately the same ground and arrives at the same main conclusions as other recent appraisals of this subject (Cited in F.C.T. 1965, 3, 135). At present the concentration of detergent residues, mainly those of alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS), in water supplies is not a matter of great concern, since residues almost invariably fall well below the recommended limit of 0-5 ppm ABS, a level which provides a safety factor of the order of 15,000. Moreover, detergent residues are of minor significance in the overall problem of water pollution. The most effective method of control lies in the increased use of biodegradable surface-active agents. 1013. Pulmonary lesions induced by ozone Gross, P., Scheel, L. D. & Stokinger, H. E. (1965). Ozone toxicity studies; destruction of alveolar septa--a precursor of emphysema? Med. thorac. 22, 376. Air pollution by ozone (03) appears to be increasing. A vigilant eye should be kept on the atmospheric levels of 03 attained in view of its ability to cause irritation of the respiratory tract and pulmonary congestion and oedema in industrial workers. Moreover, emphysema (destruction of fine structure of lungs) and acceleration of lung turnout development has been produced experimentally in animals following long-term exposure to 03 (Cited in F.C.T. 1965, 3, 871). The maximal permissible concentration of 03 in the atmosphere of factories in the USA is 0-1 ppm, but this is frequently exceeded in practice. In the present study, hamsters were exposed to 1 ppm 03 for 6 hr daily on 5 days/wk for a total of 268 exposures, and rabbits to 15-50 ppm 03 for 1 hr/wk for 49 wk. Chronic pneumonitis developed with obvious proliferation of alveolar cells and an increase in stromal reticulin fibres resulting in contraction of the alveolar septa. It is considered that these septal abnormalities may be a prelude to the disappearance of septal walls and hence to emphysema. 1014. Athletes for the wide open spaces Smith, L. E. (1965). Peroxyacetyl nitrate inhalation. Cardiorespiratory effects. Arehs envir. Hlth 10, 161. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), a photochemical air pollutant and a constituent of "smog", is known to be phytotoxic (Cited in F.C.T. 1964, 2, 277; ibid 1965, 3, 850) and to cause eye irritation. Since athletes have often reported pulmonary discomfort during and after competitive activity in smoggy atmospheres, the effect of PAN at a level of 0.3 ppm (equivalent to that found in heavy smog) on various cardiovascular parameters has been studied in young men during short periods of moderate exercise. PAN was found to produce a significant increase in the oxygen uptake during periods of exercise but had no effect during periods of rest. Since neither respiratory rate nor the volume of expired air was affected, PAN is presumed to increase the respiratory airway resistance, in common with the known effects of cigarette smoke and other air pollutants. It is suggested that studies
THE CHEMICALENVIRONMENT
propionylacetophenone, caproic acid and triethanolamine in the liquid, caused little irritation. The least toxic response was given by a sealer (AH-26) containing bisphenol diglycidyl ether as liquid and bismuth oxide, silver powder, titanium oxide and hexamethylenetetramine in the powder. It is noteworthy that in general the activity of each material proved to be fairly consistent from study to study. 1012. Detergent pollution well under control
Coughlin, F. J. (1965). Detergents and water pollution abatement. Am. J. publ. Hlth 55, 760. This review covers approximately the same ground and arrives at the same main conclusions as other recent appraisals of this subject (Cited in F.C.T. 1965, 3, 135). At present the concentration of detergent residues, mainly those of alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS), in water supplies is not a matter of great concern, since residues almost invariably fall well below the recommended limit of 0-5 ppm ABS, a level which provides a safety factor of the order of 15,000. Moreover, detergent residues are of minor significance in the overall problem of water pollution. The most effective method of control lies in the increased use of biodegradable surface-active agents. 1013. Pulmonary lesions induced by ozone Gross, P., Scheel, L. D. & Stokinger, H. E. (1965). Ozone toxicity studies; destruction of alveolar septa--a precursor of emphysema? Med. thorac. 22, 376. Air pollution by ozone (03) appears to be increasing. A vigilant eye should be kept on the atmospheric levels of 03 attained in view of its ability to cause irritation of the respiratory tract and pulmonary congestion and oedema in industrial workers. Moreover, emphysema (destruction of fine structure of lungs) and acceleration of lung turnout development has been produced experimentally in animals following long-term exposure to 03 (Cited in F.C.T. 1965, 3, 871). The maximal permissible concentration of 03 in the atmosphere of factories in the USA is 0-1 ppm, but this is frequently exceeded in practice. In the present study, hamsters were exposed to 1 ppm 03 for 6 hr daily on 5 days/wk for a total of 268 exposures, and rabbits to 15-50 ppm 03 for 1 hr/wk for 49 wk. Chronic pneumonitis developed with obvious proliferation of alveolar cells and an increase in stromal reticulin fibres resulting in contraction of the alveolar septa. It is considered that these septal abnormalities may be a prelude to the disappearance of septal walls and hence to emphysema. 1014. Athletes for the wide open spaces Smith, L. E. (1965). Peroxyacetyl nitrate inhalation. Cardiorespiratory effects. Arehs envir. Hlth 10, 161. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), a photochemical air pollutant and a constituent of "smog", is known to be phytotoxic (Cited in F.C.T. 1964, 2, 277; ibid 1965, 3, 850) and to cause eye irritation. Since athletes have often reported pulmonary discomfort during and after competitive activity in smoggy atmospheres, the effect of PAN at a level of 0.3 ppm (equivalent to that found in heavy smog) on various cardiovascular parameters has been studied in young men during short periods of moderate exercise. PAN was found to produce a significant increase in the oxygen uptake during periods of exercise but had no effect during periods of rest. Since neither respiratory rate nor the volume of expired air was affected, PAN is presumed to increase the respiratory airway resistance, in common with the known effects of cigarette smoke and other air pollutants. It is suggested that studies