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1029. Soldering of beryllium with soft solder
Classified abstracts 1025--1040 41 1025. Influence of rhenium content in an alloy with tungsten on technological and utilization properties of oxide cathode heaters. (USSR) It is shown that application of W-Re alloy with the high content of 20 to 27 per cent of rhenium in oxide cathode heaters resulted in the significant increase of life and reliability of electro-vacuum devices due to the high plasticity of the alloy. N A Iofis et al, Reniy Nov Tekh, Ch 2, Nauka 1970, 157-159 (in
Russian). 41 1026. Utilization of Mo-Re alloy in electro-vacuum devices. (USSR) Construction of a coaxial metal-ceramic high-frequency energy feed for vacuum tubes is described. The feed using thin wires of W-Mo-Re or Mo-Re alloys can be heated up to 1000°C during treatment of the electro-vacuum device envelope. V A Afanasev et al, Reniy Nov Tekh, Ch 2, Nauka 1970, 172-174 (in
Russian). 42. GLASS, CERAMICS AND REFRACTORY OXIDES 42 1027. Properties and application of vacuum-tight ceramic material Saphirit. (USSR) Saphirit represents a new vacuum-tight ceramic material for electrically insulating parts of electro-vacuum device systems. Saphirit contains 98 per cent of AI=O3 with addition of BiOa and MgO. It possesses high hardness, small porosity, increased heat conductivity, good thermomechanical properties and small dielectric losses. Components of saphirit are made by the method of hot pressure casting. Metallization of saphirit components is by burning in. Saphirit-tometal seals were obtained with the aid of copper, copper-silver and silver brazes. Utilization of saphirit in electron tubes permits simplification of construction and increases the device reliability due to the elimination of forced air cooling of metal-ceramic groups. V G Avetikov et al, Obmen Opyt Radioprom, 10, 1970, 35-38 (in
Russian). 42 1028. Gas-dischnrge cleaning of glass components of vidicons. (USSR) The efficiency of cleaning of glass components of vidicons in plasma of air glow discharge is evaluated. The optimum electrode systems are described. A S Pryamitsyn and G D Rubina, Elektron Tekh Elektronluch Fotoelektr Prib, 1, 1970, 65-70 (in Russian). 45. SOLDERING, WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERS 45 1029. Soldering of beryllium with soft solder. (USSR) A technique of soldering of beryllium is described which guarantees reliable vacuum-tight seals. The beryllium window is subjected to preliminary coating by copper using the method of electric explosion of copper foil in rough vacuum. S I Grinyuk and V A Pogorelyy, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 6, Nov-Dec 1970, 215 (in Russian). 45 1030. Electron beam welding equipments of Manfred yon Ardeune Institute. (USSR) Electron beam equipments for welding in high and medium vacuum at low, medium and high accelerating voltages, developed in Manfred yon Ardenne Institute, are described. Technological possibilities and regions of applications are shown. (Germany) Z Schiller et al, Avtomat Svarka, No 9, 1970, 53-60 (in Russian). 46. GLASS BLOWING, GLASS-TO-METAL AND CERAMICTO-METAL SEALING TECHNIQUES 46 1031. Influence of dimensions of elements of metal-ceramic groups on their thermo-mechnnical strength. (USSR) The dependence of stress in metal-ceramic groups of ring construction on the wall thickness of the metallic part is calculated. N V Pozdeev and I I Metelkin, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 9, 1969, 7078 (in Russian). 46 1032. Possibility of using cobalt and palladium as solder for active ceramic-to-metal seals. (USSR) Using the method of the active-metal seal with cobalt and palladium solder, seals of ceramics-to-titanium and through titanium to molybdenum, tantalum and iron are obtained with the tensile strengths
442
of 1040 to 2240 kg/cm 2. These seals can be baked many times without violation of vacuum tightness. On the basis of the Raul law, it is found that the metal-to-ceramic groups prepared with the aid of the palladium-titanium solder can be heated to temperature of 900°C at residual gas pressure of 1 × l0 -7 torr in the device without evaporation of the soldering metal on ceramics. V P Kruchinin, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 9, 1969, 63-69 (in Russian). 46 1033. Activated solder for passive metal-to-ceramic seals. (USSR) Experiments showed that the addition of titanium in copper-germanium solder enhances the plasticity and tensile strength of ceramicto-metal seals. The optimum content of titanium is 0.1 to 0.3 per cent in the 88 Cu-12 Ge per cent solder. V D Carotovkin et al, Elektron Tekh Priemno Usilit Lampy 1, 1970, 55-60 (in Russian). 46 1034. Investigation of contact interaction of sulphide ceramics with metals and development of their sealing technique. (USSR) A complex process including hot pressing of ceramics with its simultaneous diffusion sealing to metal for obtaining vacuum tight window constructions of sulphide ceramics with metals, is presented. R A Musin and N F Kazakov, Progress Tekhnol Nov Oborud proizv Elektron Prib, Saratov 1970, 92-102 (in Russian). 46 1035. Investigation of the brazing process for graphite materials with formation of carbide interface. (USSR) The brazing process for graphite materials with the aid of zirconium and molybdenum foil braze and with formation of carbide interface is investigated. Optimum conditions are found to be the temperature of 2200°C for 3 minutes. The mechanical strength of the brazed joint is equal to the strength of bulk material. L T Anikin and G A Kravetskiy, Tugopl Karbidy, Kiev 1970, 82-87 (in
Russian). 46 1036. Determination of the thermal expansion coefficient difference of two samples on the Shevenar dilatomcter. (USSR) A method of determination of the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of two sealed materials using the Shevenar dilatometer is described. Examples of measurement are presented. E M Rabinovich et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 54-60 (in
Russian). 46 1037. Investigation of the behnviour of compressed seals at enhanced temperatures. (USSR) The behaviour of vacuum-tight compressed glass-to-metal seals is investigated at enhanced temperatures. A formula for calculation of permissible working temperatures of compressed seals is presented. S A Nikolaeva et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 30-36 (in
Russian). 46 1038. Electrolytic phenomena on the glass-metal boundary. (USSR) Electrolytic phenomena on the giass-mctal boundary are investigated. Different glass-to-metal seals were subjected to electrolysis at temperature of 350°C and electric field intensity of 300 V/mm. It is supposed that the seal destruction at electrolysis is due to electrochemical reactions on electrodes which can produce additive stresses in seals. E K Mazurina et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 15-21 (in
Russian). 46 1039. Determination of stress and cohesion forces of glass with metal in compressed non-matched seals. (USSR) Formulas for calculation of the specific pressure on seal surface and the mechanical strength of pressed non-matched glass-to-metal seals are presented. The formulas were experimentally verified. V I Artemev, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 3-14 (in Russian). 47. OUTGASSING DATA, VAPOUR PRESSURE DATA, GETTERING DATA, RESIDUAL GASES IN V A C U U M SYSTEMS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYSIS 47 1040. Partial pressures of residual gases in long-life travelling wave tubes. (USSR) The spectrum of residual gases in experimental travelling wave tubes is investigated with the aid of an omegatron residual gas analyzer. Evacuation of the tubes was performed by a mechanical forevacuum
Russian). 41 1026. Utilization of Mo-Re alloy in electro-vacuum devices. (USSR) Construction of a coaxial metal-ceramic high-frequency energy feed for vacuum tubes is described. The feed using thin wires of W-Mo-Re or Mo-Re alloys can be heated up to 1000°C during treatment of the electro-vacuum device envelope. V A Afanasev et al, Reniy Nov Tekh, Ch 2, Nauka 1970, 172-174 (in
Russian). 42. GLASS, CERAMICS AND REFRACTORY OXIDES 42 1027. Properties and application of vacuum-tight ceramic material Saphirit. (USSR) Saphirit represents a new vacuum-tight ceramic material for electrically insulating parts of electro-vacuum device systems. Saphirit contains 98 per cent of AI=O3 with addition of BiOa and MgO. It possesses high hardness, small porosity, increased heat conductivity, good thermomechanical properties and small dielectric losses. Components of saphirit are made by the method of hot pressure casting. Metallization of saphirit components is by burning in. Saphirit-tometal seals were obtained with the aid of copper, copper-silver and silver brazes. Utilization of saphirit in electron tubes permits simplification of construction and increases the device reliability due to the elimination of forced air cooling of metal-ceramic groups. V G Avetikov et al, Obmen Opyt Radioprom, 10, 1970, 35-38 (in
Russian). 42 1028. Gas-dischnrge cleaning of glass components of vidicons. (USSR) The efficiency of cleaning of glass components of vidicons in plasma of air glow discharge is evaluated. The optimum electrode systems are described. A S Pryamitsyn and G D Rubina, Elektron Tekh Elektronluch Fotoelektr Prib, 1, 1970, 65-70 (in Russian). 45. SOLDERING, WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERS 45 1029. Soldering of beryllium with soft solder. (USSR) A technique of soldering of beryllium is described which guarantees reliable vacuum-tight seals. The beryllium window is subjected to preliminary coating by copper using the method of electric explosion of copper foil in rough vacuum. S I Grinyuk and V A Pogorelyy, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 6, Nov-Dec 1970, 215 (in Russian). 45 1030. Electron beam welding equipments of Manfred yon Ardeune Institute. (USSR) Electron beam equipments for welding in high and medium vacuum at low, medium and high accelerating voltages, developed in Manfred yon Ardenne Institute, are described. Technological possibilities and regions of applications are shown. (Germany) Z Schiller et al, Avtomat Svarka, No 9, 1970, 53-60 (in Russian). 46. GLASS BLOWING, GLASS-TO-METAL AND CERAMICTO-METAL SEALING TECHNIQUES 46 1031. Influence of dimensions of elements of metal-ceramic groups on their thermo-mechnnical strength. (USSR) The dependence of stress in metal-ceramic groups of ring construction on the wall thickness of the metallic part is calculated. N V Pozdeev and I I Metelkin, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 9, 1969, 7078 (in Russian). 46 1032. Possibility of using cobalt and palladium as solder for active ceramic-to-metal seals. (USSR) Using the method of the active-metal seal with cobalt and palladium solder, seals of ceramics-to-titanium and through titanium to molybdenum, tantalum and iron are obtained with the tensile strengths
442
of 1040 to 2240 kg/cm 2. These seals can be baked many times without violation of vacuum tightness. On the basis of the Raul law, it is found that the metal-to-ceramic groups prepared with the aid of the palladium-titanium solder can be heated to temperature of 900°C at residual gas pressure of 1 × l0 -7 torr in the device without evaporation of the soldering metal on ceramics. V P Kruchinin, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 9, 1969, 63-69 (in Russian). 46 1033. Activated solder for passive metal-to-ceramic seals. (USSR) Experiments showed that the addition of titanium in copper-germanium solder enhances the plasticity and tensile strength of ceramicto-metal seals. The optimum content of titanium is 0.1 to 0.3 per cent in the 88 Cu-12 Ge per cent solder. V D Carotovkin et al, Elektron Tekh Priemno Usilit Lampy 1, 1970, 55-60 (in Russian). 46 1034. Investigation of contact interaction of sulphide ceramics with metals and development of their sealing technique. (USSR) A complex process including hot pressing of ceramics with its simultaneous diffusion sealing to metal for obtaining vacuum tight window constructions of sulphide ceramics with metals, is presented. R A Musin and N F Kazakov, Progress Tekhnol Nov Oborud proizv Elektron Prib, Saratov 1970, 92-102 (in Russian). 46 1035. Investigation of the brazing process for graphite materials with formation of carbide interface. (USSR) The brazing process for graphite materials with the aid of zirconium and molybdenum foil braze and with formation of carbide interface is investigated. Optimum conditions are found to be the temperature of 2200°C for 3 minutes. The mechanical strength of the brazed joint is equal to the strength of bulk material. L T Anikin and G A Kravetskiy, Tugopl Karbidy, Kiev 1970, 82-87 (in
Russian). 46 1036. Determination of the thermal expansion coefficient difference of two samples on the Shevenar dilatomcter. (USSR) A method of determination of the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of two sealed materials using the Shevenar dilatometer is described. Examples of measurement are presented. E M Rabinovich et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 54-60 (in
Russian). 46 1037. Investigation of the behnviour of compressed seals at enhanced temperatures. (USSR) The behaviour of vacuum-tight compressed glass-to-metal seals is investigated at enhanced temperatures. A formula for calculation of permissible working temperatures of compressed seals is presented. S A Nikolaeva et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 30-36 (in
Russian). 46 1038. Electrolytic phenomena on the glass-metal boundary. (USSR) Electrolytic phenomena on the giass-mctal boundary are investigated. Different glass-to-metal seals were subjected to electrolysis at temperature of 350°C and electric field intensity of 300 V/mm. It is supposed that the seal destruction at electrolysis is due to electrochemical reactions on electrodes which can produce additive stresses in seals. E K Mazurina et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 15-21 (in
Russian). 46 1039. Determination of stress and cohesion forces of glass with metal in compressed non-matched seals. (USSR) Formulas for calculation of the specific pressure on seal surface and the mechanical strength of pressed non-matched glass-to-metal seals are presented. The formulas were experimentally verified. V I Artemev, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 4, 1970, 3-14 (in Russian). 47. OUTGASSING DATA, VAPOUR PRESSURE DATA, GETTERING DATA, RESIDUAL GASES IN V A C U U M SYSTEMS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYSIS 47 1040. Partial pressures of residual gases in long-life travelling wave tubes. (USSR) The spectrum of residual gases in experimental travelling wave tubes is investigated with the aid of an omegatron residual gas analyzer. Evacuation of the tubes was performed by a mechanical forevacuum