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1160. High vacuum pumping equipment
Classified
abstracts
1148-l
167 20
1148. Minimizing
contamination
for vacuum. (U&t)
Techniques that avoid the pitfalls of contamination in cleanly handling vacuum devices-from electron tubes to walk-in chambersresult in uniformly better operation and in pinpointing trouble spots. F Rosebury,
(MIT Cambridge,
Mass
USA),
20
7, 1965, 21, (in Russian). 20
1150. Vacuum melting furnace.
(France)
The furnace is designed for treating plutonium and its alloys. The fixed central portion is connected to a vacuum pump. Thecrucible is surrounded by an induction coil and metal gutter, and the moulds for the metal recovered are held on a turntable. The enclosure is double walled to permit water cooling. A Le Gall and C Mercier, French AEC, French Patent (C1.C 22b G 21), 14 May 1965, Appl 1 April 1964, 6pages. 1151. Development (Germany)
tendencies
of high-vacuum
1,395,869 20 : 30 Part 1.
engineering.
The physics and technology of pure, thin layers, measurements of layer thickness, and films are discussed. Various pumps for creating vacuum are discussed. M von Ardenne, Technik (Be&r), 1152. Development (Germany)
tendencies
20 (S), 1965, 522, (in German).
of high-vacuum
engineering.
20 : 30 Part II.
The state of vacuum measurement is discussed. The progress in the development of partial pressure measuring methods and devices is traced. Design and structural parts of use in vacuum engineering are discussed. M von Ardenne, Technik (Ber/in), 20 (9), 1965, 591-596, 1153. Development
of gas-fired heat-treatment
(in German).
furnaces.
20 (France)
: 37
Review, including analysis of characteristics of 5 different types of furnaces and of their optimum use. L Watter, Rev Gen Thermique, 4, 1965, 799-802, (in French). 20 1154. Cold-wall vacuum furnace with 3000°F capability.
(WA)
Horizontal side-loading furnace is designed for vacuum heattreating and brazing. Furnace has maximum temperature rating of 3000°F and operating vacuum of 1 x 1O-5 torr. It has usable work space in heat zone of 24in. by 24in. by 36in. high, and is equipped with automatic temperature controls. Anon, Richard D Brew and Co, Concord,
New Hampshire,
USA. 20
1155. A mercury piston pump.
(Great Britain)
A hydrocarbon-free backing pump is described in which only stainless steel, tungsten carbide and mercury are exposed to the vacuum system. The pumping speed is approximately 4 litres/min and the lowest pressure measured using the pump in conjunction with a cold trap was approximately 20 u torr. A J Davis and G J Ogilvie, J Scient Instrum,
together to form a 10,OOOftwaveguide. H A Blank, Metal Progress, 89 (3), 1966, 111-116.
1965, 5 pages. 20
(USSR) 1149. Vacuum ovens. V Kh Dammer et al, Mashinostroitel’,
20 1159. Stanford’s two-mile waveguide: A 400-ton copper vacuum tube. 172,000 oxygen-free copper discs and cylinders have been brazed
43 (2), Feb 1966, 116.
1156. Simple suction device for obtaining an ultrahigh vacuum.
20 (USSR)
A glass nitrogen-titanium suction device which gives a vacuum of about 10m9torr is described. Its operation is based on the abnormal sorption of gases by vaporized titanium at a temperature lower than - 170”. 0 K NikoIaenko et al, Pribory i Tekhn Eksper, 10 (6), 1965, 205,
1160. High vacuum pumping equipment.
(Great Britain)
A survey of the whole range of high vacuum pumping equipment, essential in a field where the correct selection and use of equipment is of paramount importance. B D Power, Chapman and Hall, London,
1966, 80s. 20
1161. The vacuum arc furnace.
Vacuum arc furnaces are strictly remelting units in which a consumable electrode (cathode) in a copper mould is melted, using a dc arc. Three different designs are illustrated ranging in size from 12-52 ton ingot capacity. The electrical and metallurgical conditions for this melting furnace are discussed, and furnace and heat control are analyzed. E Plockinger and H Straube, .from “The Fabrication of Specialty Steels-Melting, Casting, and Testing,” Springer- Veriag (Vienna and New York), 1965, 656. 20 1162. European vacuum degassing method incorporates refining phase. (VW M Tiberg er al, lrou and Steel Big, 43 (2) Feb 1966, 153-154. 20 (USSR) 1163. Furnace for vacuum-thermal reduction of alkali metals. The furnace consists of zones for the reaction, separation and con-
densation of chloride vapours and condensation of metal vapours. The furnace is provided with electric heaters arranged outside of the internal walls and with thermal compensators, preventing deformation of the internal walls. Anon, USSR Patent 177,093, (Cl C 22d), 1 Dee 1965, Appl21 1964. 1164. Vacuum (VSSR)
chamber
for experimental
March
20 research with the betatron.
The design, use and characteristics are described of the sealed-off vacuum system of a 15 MeV betatron with a titanium pump capable of producing in the chamber a vacuum of not less than 1O-s torr. The advantages of this chamber over other methods (continuous-evacuation chamber, removable chamber) are discussed. V Vokalec, Instrum and Exper Tech, Dee 1965, 648, (translated Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 3, May/June 1965).
from
20 1165. Experiments with a liquid helium cryopumped extreme highvacuum system. (USA) To produce an ultra-clean environment in simulating lunar surface and
interplanetary space conditions, a liquid helium cryopumped vacuum system was built to achieve pressures of lo-r2 torr. Cryogenics is employed to make outgassing from the test space walls negligible by cooling them to near 80°K and to provide high pumping speeds at low pressures by a cryopumping surface adjacent to the test surface, maintained at 4.2”K. Boil-off of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium provides the necessary refrigeration. Experiments to achieve low temperatures, the injection of the hydrogen at the warm end of the inner vessel and the pumping of nitrogen and hydrogen from the test space are discussed. R W Moore Jr, Sixth Ann Symp on Space Environmental Simulation, 17-18 May 1965 (Arnold Engineering
21. Pumps
and
pump
Development
Center, Tenn).
fluids 21
(in Russian). 1157. High temperature vacuum furnace. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer, 220, November 1965, 770. 1158. Furnaces for vacuum heat treatment.
20
20 (Belgium)
The principal applications and the type of furnaces are reviewed. Particular mention is made of sintering techniques for tungsten carbides. Tables give suggested process temperatures and vacuum pressures. F J Becket, Metallurgic,
5 (5), 1965, 159-164,
(in English).
1166. Liquid-ring
pump as a chemical reactor.
(Iraly)
The operation of a liquid-ring pump is examined, as applied to the compression of a gas mixture, when a component is to be adsorbed in the liquid via a chemical reaction in the liquid phase. A Gianetto Italian).
and G B Saracco,
Ing Chim Ital,
2 (I),
1966,
10, (in 21
1167. Positive-displacement pumps. Types-principles-applicationsystems design. (Great Britain) A review with 16 references. F A Holland and F S Chapman, Chem Eng, 73 (4), 1966,129-152. 407
abstracts
1148-l
167 20
1148. Minimizing
contamination
for vacuum. (U&t)
Techniques that avoid the pitfalls of contamination in cleanly handling vacuum devices-from electron tubes to walk-in chambersresult in uniformly better operation and in pinpointing trouble spots. F Rosebury,
(MIT Cambridge,
Mass
USA),
20
7, 1965, 21, (in Russian). 20
1150. Vacuum melting furnace.
(France)
The furnace is designed for treating plutonium and its alloys. The fixed central portion is connected to a vacuum pump. Thecrucible is surrounded by an induction coil and metal gutter, and the moulds for the metal recovered are held on a turntable. The enclosure is double walled to permit water cooling. A Le Gall and C Mercier, French AEC, French Patent (C1.C 22b G 21), 14 May 1965, Appl 1 April 1964, 6pages. 1151. Development (Germany)
tendencies
of high-vacuum
1,395,869 20 : 30 Part 1.
engineering.
The physics and technology of pure, thin layers, measurements of layer thickness, and films are discussed. Various pumps for creating vacuum are discussed. M von Ardenne, Technik (Be&r), 1152. Development (Germany)
tendencies
20 (S), 1965, 522, (in German).
of high-vacuum
engineering.
20 : 30 Part II.
The state of vacuum measurement is discussed. The progress in the development of partial pressure measuring methods and devices is traced. Design and structural parts of use in vacuum engineering are discussed. M von Ardenne, Technik (Ber/in), 20 (9), 1965, 591-596, 1153. Development
of gas-fired heat-treatment
(in German).
furnaces.
20 (France)
: 37
Review, including analysis of characteristics of 5 different types of furnaces and of their optimum use. L Watter, Rev Gen Thermique, 4, 1965, 799-802, (in French). 20 1154. Cold-wall vacuum furnace with 3000°F capability.
(WA)
Horizontal side-loading furnace is designed for vacuum heattreating and brazing. Furnace has maximum temperature rating of 3000°F and operating vacuum of 1 x 1O-5 torr. It has usable work space in heat zone of 24in. by 24in. by 36in. high, and is equipped with automatic temperature controls. Anon, Richard D Brew and Co, Concord,
New Hampshire,
USA. 20
1155. A mercury piston pump.
(Great Britain)
A hydrocarbon-free backing pump is described in which only stainless steel, tungsten carbide and mercury are exposed to the vacuum system. The pumping speed is approximately 4 litres/min and the lowest pressure measured using the pump in conjunction with a cold trap was approximately 20 u torr. A J Davis and G J Ogilvie, J Scient Instrum,
together to form a 10,OOOftwaveguide. H A Blank, Metal Progress, 89 (3), 1966, 111-116.
1965, 5 pages. 20
(USSR) 1149. Vacuum ovens. V Kh Dammer et al, Mashinostroitel’,
20 1159. Stanford’s two-mile waveguide: A 400-ton copper vacuum tube. 172,000 oxygen-free copper discs and cylinders have been brazed
43 (2), Feb 1966, 116.
1156. Simple suction device for obtaining an ultrahigh vacuum.
20 (USSR)
A glass nitrogen-titanium suction device which gives a vacuum of about 10m9torr is described. Its operation is based on the abnormal sorption of gases by vaporized titanium at a temperature lower than - 170”. 0 K NikoIaenko et al, Pribory i Tekhn Eksper, 10 (6), 1965, 205,
1160. High vacuum pumping equipment.
(Great Britain)
A survey of the whole range of high vacuum pumping equipment, essential in a field where the correct selection and use of equipment is of paramount importance. B D Power, Chapman and Hall, London,
1966, 80s. 20
1161. The vacuum arc furnace.
Vacuum arc furnaces are strictly remelting units in which a consumable electrode (cathode) in a copper mould is melted, using a dc arc. Three different designs are illustrated ranging in size from 12-52 ton ingot capacity. The electrical and metallurgical conditions for this melting furnace are discussed, and furnace and heat control are analyzed. E Plockinger and H Straube, .from “The Fabrication of Specialty Steels-Melting, Casting, and Testing,” Springer- Veriag (Vienna and New York), 1965, 656. 20 1162. European vacuum degassing method incorporates refining phase. (VW M Tiberg er al, lrou and Steel Big, 43 (2) Feb 1966, 153-154. 20 (USSR) 1163. Furnace for vacuum-thermal reduction of alkali metals. The furnace consists of zones for the reaction, separation and con-
densation of chloride vapours and condensation of metal vapours. The furnace is provided with electric heaters arranged outside of the internal walls and with thermal compensators, preventing deformation of the internal walls. Anon, USSR Patent 177,093, (Cl C 22d), 1 Dee 1965, Appl21 1964. 1164. Vacuum (VSSR)
chamber
for experimental
March
20 research with the betatron.
The design, use and characteristics are described of the sealed-off vacuum system of a 15 MeV betatron with a titanium pump capable of producing in the chamber a vacuum of not less than 1O-s torr. The advantages of this chamber over other methods (continuous-evacuation chamber, removable chamber) are discussed. V Vokalec, Instrum and Exper Tech, Dee 1965, 648, (translated Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 3, May/June 1965).
from
20 1165. Experiments with a liquid helium cryopumped extreme highvacuum system. (USA) To produce an ultra-clean environment in simulating lunar surface and
interplanetary space conditions, a liquid helium cryopumped vacuum system was built to achieve pressures of lo-r2 torr. Cryogenics is employed to make outgassing from the test space walls negligible by cooling them to near 80°K and to provide high pumping speeds at low pressures by a cryopumping surface adjacent to the test surface, maintained at 4.2”K. Boil-off of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium provides the necessary refrigeration. Experiments to achieve low temperatures, the injection of the hydrogen at the warm end of the inner vessel and the pumping of nitrogen and hydrogen from the test space are discussed. R W Moore Jr, Sixth Ann Symp on Space Environmental Simulation, 17-18 May 1965 (Arnold Engineering
21. Pumps
and
pump
Development
Center, Tenn).
fluids 21
(in Russian). 1157. High temperature vacuum furnace. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer, 220, November 1965, 770. 1158. Furnaces for vacuum heat treatment.
20
20 (Belgium)
The principal applications and the type of furnaces are reviewed. Particular mention is made of sintering techniques for tungsten carbides. Tables give suggested process temperatures and vacuum pressures. F J Becket, Metallurgic,
5 (5), 1965, 159-164,
(in English).
1166. Liquid-ring
pump as a chemical reactor.
(Iraly)
The operation of a liquid-ring pump is examined, as applied to the compression of a gas mixture, when a component is to be adsorbed in the liquid via a chemical reaction in the liquid phase. A Gianetto Italian).
and G B Saracco,
Ing Chim Ital,
2 (I),
1966,
10, (in 21
1167. Positive-displacement pumps. Types-principles-applicationsystems design. (Great Britain) A review with 16 references. F A Holland and F S Chapman, Chem Eng, 73 (4), 1966,129-152. 407